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-Transverse section of stem. Ep: epidermides; Co: cortex; Fi: fibre; Ph: phloem; Ca: cambium; PR: pith ray; Xy: xylem; Pi: pith. Bars: 100 µm.
Source publication
Desmodium caudatum (Thunb.) DC, is an ever-green plant widely used in the central and southern China with great economic value for their medical values on fever, dysentery, gastroenteritis, rectal prolapse, snake bites, mastitis, and boils carbuncle. Despite its extensive uses as a traditional Chinese medicine, no systematic research on the ident...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... 5 | 11 thicker, slightly lignified, and the cells are closely arranged. The boundary between cortex and phloem is irregular and blurry. One or two layers of vascular cambium are present in between the xylem and phloem. The cambium layer is annular visibly. The xylem is broad, and the ducts are more scattered. Transverse section of stem (shown in Fig. 4) is somewhat circular in outline and covered with thick cuticle followed by single layered, thin walled epidermal cells, and the nonglandular hair can be observed visibly. The cortex is slightly wider and the series of round cells are closely arranged. The phloem is narrow and cambium is annular. The xylem accounts for about 1/3 of the ...
Citations
... So far, many TCM have antioxidant and anti-fibrosis properties; these natural products have potential therapeutic properties in DN [10]. Desmodium caudatum, one of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), is a small leguminosae tree distributed in China, India, and South Korea [11]. In previous studies, whole plant ethanol extract of Desmodium caudatum exhibited a wide variety of biological activities, including analgesic, which ameliorated the acetic acidinduced writhing response, anti-inflammatory [12], antifungal activity [13], anti-Alzheimer's disease [14], anti-cancer [15] ...
Desmodium caudatum extracts (DCE) were investigated for their potential therapeutic effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN). In our study, the high-fat diet (HFD) / streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN model in C57BL/6 mice was treated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg DCE. The results showed that DCE decreased biochemical parameters and proteinuria levels. The kidney sections staining indicated that DCE treatment recovered glomerular atrophy and alleviated lipid droplets in the glomerular. Additionally, DCE inhibited lipid and glycogen accumulation down-regulated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) proteins. DCE also reduced collagenous fibrous tissue and the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) through Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemical analysis. We found that DCE alleviated hydroxyproline content, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Besides, the results shown that DCE enhanced the antioxidant enzymes to mitigate fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress. In conclusion, our study provided evidence of the protective effect of DCE which down-regulated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and inhibition of TGF-β1 and EMT pathway but elevated antioxidant, suggesting its therapeutic implication for DN.
... Identi cation of the varieties and assurance of the quality of herbal medicines are therefore of the utmost importance [25]. and the authentication of raw material is the rst step to assure purity in this route. ...
Gloriosa superba Linn (family Colchicaceae) is a tendril climber with cylindrical and V or L shaped rhizomes that has received much attention due to its ancient pharmacological uses and being a rich source of colchicine. The pharmacognostical profile of leaf, stem and rhizome were analysed to assure the grade of raw material in the proposed investigation. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of ethanolic rhizome extract of G. superba (EREG) was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Simultaneously, we have evaluated the phytochemical profile of EREG by GC-MS and total phenolic content was performed as well. Transverse section of rhizome revealed thin layer of brownish scales that fabricate the outer skin. In addition, the cortical area made up of homogeneous fleshy and parenchymal cells filled with starch granules which is one of the superabundant diagnostic features of this plant. Pharmacognostical profile of leaf, stem and rhizome of the plant demonstrated the evidence of authenticity of this plant. Anti-scavenging capacity (IC 50 ) and total phenolic content was 77.20% and 9.54 mg, GAE/g, respectively. The GC-MS library identified two phytoconstituents as diethyl phthalate (100% peak area) and arsenous acid, tris(trimethylsilyl) ester (22.68% peak area) whose vast benefits are reported in the fields of pharmaceuticals, industry and personal care products. Frivolous research work in the field of pharmacognosy, antioxidant ability and instrumental analysis for phytomolecules provides a vast avenue for research on G. superba .
... In the leaf epidermis analysis, two to three fresh leaves were taken and torn directly using tweezers (Li et al. 2019). The steps were as follows (Zahara (2019). ...
or gung den) is a medicinal plant endemic to Vietnam. However, this species is not easily identified due to the lack of a detailed description. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize morphological and molecular aspects of D. citrea from Bach Ma National Park, Vietnam. Six representative plants were selected for the following analyses. Macromorphological features were observed and compared with previous studies. The rhizomes, roots, petioles, and leaves were then histologically analyzed using iodine green-carmine staining. The ground rhizomes and leaves were also microscopically examined for powder characteristics. Finally, the D. citrea DNA barcode was amplified by Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS) primers. Macromorphologically, D. citrea differs from other Distichochlamys species. Black Ginger, particularly, has elongated rhizomes (with scars from the shoots of previous years), green leaves, spread inflorescences, and yellow labellum (with deep slits). Additionally, D. citrea's micromorphological structures (epidermis, exodermis, hypodermis, cortex, endodermis, and root pith) are similar to the genus Zingiber. However, the absence of calcium oxalate and silica crystals in the root is unique and can be used to distinguish this plant from other Zingiberaceae members. The sequenced amplicons (96.54% similar to Genbank's D. citrea ITS) demonstrated the ITS marker's ability to identify Black Ginger.
... Southeast Asia, Mexico, and South America are considered as the centers of species diversity in this case (Ohashi, 2005). Members of Desmodieae, including Desmodium, have been used in traditional medicine and for foraging materials (Jabbour et al., 2018;Li et al., 2019). This genus was traditionally distinguished from related genera by its morphological features, such as its 3foliolate leaves, non-winged petiole, and distinctly jointed and usually indehiscent fruits (Ohashi et al., 1981). ...
Desmodium paniculatum (Fabaceae), native to North America and an alien plant in Japan, was newly found in Hwaseong-si and Daejeon-si, Korea. This species is distinguished from Korean-related taxa based on certain morphological features. Specifically, it is a perennial herb, with a 4–5 jointed loment, and with the basal suture moderately incised between the articles. In the field, D. paniculatum grows around rivers and roadsides, suggesting that it is likely to have been introduced through river improvement work and road construction. On the phylogenetic tree based on an internal transcribed spacer, Korean individuals forms a clade with a Japanese individual. Here, we report a morphological description, photographs, an illustration, and the locality of D. paniculatum.
... Among these plants is Desmodium ramosissimum which is characterized by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and various therapeutic properties such as treatment of gastrointestinal infections, diarrhea, dental problems, and complications related to childbirth. [7] However, macerations, tinctures, decoctions, and infusions constitute the forms of preparations used in the traditional system. [8] Nevertheless, in many cases, the whole plant is used in this preparation of traditional medicines with the consequent destruction of biodiversity. ...
Objectives
In sub-Saharan Africa, the therapeutic use of medicinal plants is of arousing interest. Reproductive disorders are a public health problem like everywhere else in the world. The population, especially in rural areas, uses medicinal plants for their beneficial effects. In Africa, the population uses these medicinal plants for their healthcare, including solving problems related to childbirth where there is an increase in the number of women known as “traditional birth attendants.” The effects of its medicinal plants relate to the various reproductive processes in women, from pregnancy to induction of labor, elimination of placental retention, and management of postpartum hemorrhage. To contribute to the enhancement of medicinal plants traditionally used in reproductive healthcare in Togo and to make information on their pharmacological effects available to the population, this work focused on the evaluation utero-relaxing and anti-free radical effects of extracts of Desmodium ramosissimum in the female rats of the Wistar strain.
Material and Methods
The effects of hydro-ethanolic extracts of leaves, stem barks, and roots of D.ramosissimum were then tested on shreds Myometer of the female rats mounted in an organ vat and the antioxidant activity of these extracts tested was then determined.
Results
The results show that hydro-ethanolic extracts from leaves, stem bark, and roots of D.ramosissimum cause a reduction in the frequency of spontaneous contractions of the uterine muscle. This reduction shows that these extracts have relaxing effects on the contraction of this muscle. The leaves extract showed better antioxidant activity compared to other extracts.
Conclusion
This antioxidant activity is probably due to the phenolic constituents and its metabolites would be partly responsible for the pharmacological activities of D.ramosissimum. D.ramosissimum could thus be used to reduce uterine contractions in order to avoid Threats of Premature Labor.
Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb, which is commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular, uterine, and gynecological diseases. In the present study, we constructed a phylogenetic tree based on the ITS + psbA-trnH + rbcL + rpoB concatenation sequence and performed partial least squares-discriminant analysis was used high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the concatenation sequence could distinguish among L. japonicus from different origins. Additionally, chemical analysis revealed intergroup differences, albeit of lower quality than the molecular phylogeny. By combining both methods, we were able to correlate the genetic and chemical differences among L. japonicus derived from different origins. Furthermore, our combined chemical and phylogenetic analyses suggested that differences in metabolites are not solely influenced by genetic differences but also environmental factors. These findings can be valuable for the artificial cultivation of L. japonicus and provide new insights for improving its quality.
Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Labiatae), a perennial herb, is used to treat cardiovascular, uterine, and gynecological diseases. In the present study, a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the ITS + psbA - trnH + rbcL + rpoB concatenation sequence, and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed based on high-performance liquid chromatography. The phylogenetic tree and PLS-DA were combined to correlate genetic and chemical differences among L. japonicus derived from different origins. The results showed that the concatenation sequence could distinguish among L. japonicus from different origins. Moreover, chemical analysis revealed intergroup differences, but the results were not of sufficiently high quality as that of molecular phylogeny. Furthermore, the results of combined chemical and phylogenetic analyses suggested that differences in metabolites are influenced by not only genetic differences but also environmental factors. These results provide valuable information for the artificial cultivation of L. japonicus and new ideas for improving its quality.
Rosa laxa Retz., a shrub belonging to the family Rosaceae, is widely distributed in the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. The fruits of R. laxa (FRL) has antibacterial, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. In this study, FRL was subjected to pharmacognostic identification of its source, morphology, microscopic characteristics, and physicochemical properties. The microscope showed that the cross-sectional features of FRL were obvious, and the FRL powder contained vessel, parenchyma cells, exocarp cells, pollen grains, and cluster crystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis results show that numerous villi and many small particles (particle size of 5-50 μm) were observed in the FRL powder, and there are many gullies on the surface of the particles. In addition, the secondary metabolites of FRL were characterized via ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Results showed that FRL contains various secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, glycosides, and tannins. Water as the extraction solvent had the highest extraction rate and the contented of total flavonoids was 2.88 mg/g, and the contented of total polyphenols was 54.89 mg/g. Moreover, TLC identification revealed that it contains catechin and tiliroside. These parameters of FRL, which are reported herein, are important to the development of the pharmacognostic standards, as well as in the identification and quality control of FRL.
Descaudatine A (1), an undescribed phenolic glycoside, along with a known analogue (2) and ten flavonoids (3-12), were isolated from the whole plant of Desmodium caudatum. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited potent antioxidant activities with the IC50 of 58.59 μM and 31.31 μM, respectively, which were approached to that of the positive control Vitamin C (IC50 = 46.32 μM). Meanwhile, 12 showed moderate antioxidant activity with the IC50 of 173.9 μM. Besides, compounds 3 and 6 inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells with IC50 values of 56.14 μM and 69.04 μM, respectively. Further studies indicated that 3 and 6 could dose-dependently induce PARP cleavage and might trigger caspase-3, 8, 9 activation to induce apoptosis. RXRα is an ideal anticancer target of nuclear receptor. The reporter gene assay of RXRα indicated that 3 and 6 could inhibited the 9-cis-RA induced RXRα transcription in a concentration-dependent manner.
