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The steel pipe model used for simulating different local corrosion levels. (a) Steel pipeline model. (b) Cross section of local corrosion pipe.
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A pipeline is often an important structure with very long service life. It is of great significance to monitor the corrosion level of a pipeline to ensure its safety operation. This paper aims to develop a new nondestructive method to detect the pipeline corrosion. It is assumed that the pipeline corrosion will result in a variation of the circumfe...
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... five FBG hoop-strain sensors were mounted on the outer surface of this pipe, in the middle point of the each segment. The steel pipe prototype (shown in Figure 4) for the local corrosion test also consisted of a corrosion-free segment with a length of 300 mm and six segment with different levels of local corro- sion. The six corrosion segment was machined at the same length of 150 mm and the same corrosion angle of 90°, but with different wall thicknesses in its corrosion area (e.g. ...
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... on the FE model, which was used to simulate the local corrosion pipe with different wall thick- nesses (shown in Figure 4), the numerical analysis was performed, and the results were plotted in Figure 12, which shows the circumferential strain nephogram when the inner pressure was kept at 200 KPa. As shown in Figure 12, the red area with the largest circumferential strain is the local corro- sion area with the minimum wall thickness, whereas the blue area is the corrosion-free area where cir- cumferential strain can be neglected compared to the corrosion area, indicating that the overall deformation of the pipe cross section is mainly caused by the deformation of local corrosion area. ...
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... ally, it is necessary to investigate the performance of the FBG hoop-strain sensor in the local corrosion test. To investigate the above problems, one test was carried out based on the local corrosion model with different wall thicknesses, as shown in Figure 4. Four bare FBGs were bonded to the surface of the same cross section to test the circumferential strain variation. ...
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... evaluate the performance of the FBG hoop-strain sensor in the monitoring of different local cor- rosion levels, another test was carried out on the local corrosion model with different wall thicknesses, as shown in Figure 4. The test results and the FEM results are graphically illustrated in Figure 15, show- ing circumferential strain variation with the test model and the FEM model with pressure from 0 KPa to 200 KPa. ...
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... Based on literature review, distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) have been applied to monitor different types of individual anomalies of pipelines, such as crack, leakage, dent, corrosion, and so on [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Tan et al. ...
... Li et al. used distributed fiber optic sensors to monitor pipeline leakage and pipe-soil interaction [37,38]. Fiber optic sensors were also employed to detect and quantify pipeline corrosion through monitoring corrosion-induced dimensional changes [25,26,32,34]. Alternative methods for assessing pipeline corrosion involve the measurement of chemical substances or humidity levels associated with the corrosion process [29,35]. ...
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... When a leak occurs, the temperature, the pressure of the fluid changes, and the hoop strain of the pipe wall also change. Liang and his team have used distributed optical fiber technology to monitor pipeline corrosion and leak monitoring [43,44]. In their research, they have used optical frequency domain reflectometry to measure hoop strain. ...
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... Optic fiber sensing technology, with its superior immunity to electromagnetic interference, longdistance transmission, high accuracy, and reliability, is particularly attractive for using in harsh environments and electromagnetic fields. Therefore, fiber optic sensing technology has attracted increasing attention in the study of pipeline deformation monitoring [8,9]. Using distributed fiber optic sensors, Fabien Ravet et al. [10] presented a solution for pipeline deformation due to ground movement. ...
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... Consequently, its change can be reflected by the circumferential strain directly. As such, monitoring the hoop strain variation of tube is a desirable way to detect the change of tube wall thickness [16]. Among different types of optical fiber sensors, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors can accurately measure the circumferential strain of a tube with millimeterscale resolution and microstrain measurement precision and hence can provide an effective method for tube erosion monitoring [15]. ...
... This can be better shown in Fig. 9, where based oñ X i (t) = X i (t) −X 0 i (t), we calculateV i , i = 1, . . . , p and use them to estimate θ 1 and θ 2 in (15) according to (16). In particular,V OUR i is closest to V i . ...
Tube internal erosion, which corresponds to its wall thinning process, is one of the major safety concerns for tubes. Many sensing technologies have been developed to detect a tube wall thinning process. Among them, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are the most popular ones due to their precise measurement properties. Most of the current works focus on how to design different types of FBG sensors according to certain physical laws and only test their sensors in controlled laboratory conditions. However, in practice, an industrial system usually suffers from harsh and dynamic environmental conditions, and FBG signals are affected by many unpredictable factors. Consequently, the FBG signals have more fluctuations and are polluted by noises. Hence, the signals no longer directly follow the assumed physical laws and their proposed thinning detection mechanisms no longer work. Targeting at this, this article develops a data-driven model for FBG signal feature extraction and tube wall thickness monitoring using data analytic techniques. In particular, we develop a spatiotemporal model to describe dynamic FBG signals and extract features related to thickness. By taking physical law as guideline, we trace the relationship between the extracted features and the tube wall thickness, based on which we construct an online statistical monitoring scheme for tube wall thinning process. We use both laboratory test and field trial experiment to demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
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The water distribution systems in utility tunnel are considered as the lifeline projects. The leakage monitoring of water supply and drainage pipelines is closely related to the overall operation and safety of the utility tunnel. However, conventional pipeline leakage monitoring methods are difficult to realize the monitoring of ordinary temperature liquid and small leakage. Moreover, they also have problems with noise interference, high false alarm rate, and high cost. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional methods, the evaporation‐enhanced Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature sensing (EETS‐FBG) method was proposed as a new type of leakage monitoring solution according to the principle of the psychrometer. This method utilizes the evaporative cooling characteristics of water‐absorbing porous materials and the FBG temperature sensors to realize leakage monitoring. On the basis of experiments, the feasibility of this method is explored, and the effects of wind speed, liquid temperature, and leakage volume on monitoring results are analyzed. The experimental results show that the EETS‐FBG method can monitor the temperature difference of 0.97–8.55°C in the humidity of 51.0–90.8%RH, and the measured values are in good agreement with the theoretical values, which shows that the method has good feasibility. In addition, the measured temperature difference increases with the ambient wind speed, while the leakage volume and water temperature have no obvious effect on the temperature difference, which shows that the method has good reliability and universal applicability. This method has outstanding advantages for normal temperature liquid and small leakage monitoring and is worthy of application and promotion.
... FBG sensor is a suitable sensing technology to fabricate different types of hoop-strain sensors. For example, FBG sensor can be fabricated into two gripper tubes with a movable end and a fixed end to form a hoop-strain sensor, which was used to monitor the circumferential strain change of PVC model pipelines [7][8][9]. FBG based hoop-strain sensor can also be developed and mounted in the axial directions of a FRP pressure vessel to monitor the strain status during its pressurization [10]. Corrosion of steel bars can also be monitored in real-time by surrounding with FBGs. ...
In this study, a hoop-strain sensor was developed by embedding a bare fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor inside 3D printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament. Fabrication process of the hoop-strain sensor indicates that the initial temperature of the melted PLA is around 50 °C which is obviously lower than the printing temperature of the printer nozzle (around 200 °C). A typical residual wavelength was found after the fabrication process of the hoop-strain sensor. The shrinkage deformation of the present sensor was around 208 με after fabrication. The hoop-strain sensor was flexible and can be used to measure both circumferential strain change and contact pressure between hoop-strain sensors and cylinders. Calibration tests for elongation measurement indicate that the sensitivity and minimum resolution with respect to strain change are 4.04 nm/% and 3.574 με, respectively. The obtained measurement sensitivity and resolution for pressure measurement were 0.0035 nm/kPa, and 0.286 kPa, respectively. The maximum measurement ranges of the hoop-strain sensor for strain and pressure measurement are larger than 1% and 800 kPa, respectively.
