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The relationship between %Ndfa between locations. Correlation of mean values of %Ndfa from seed (%Ndfa_Sd) and %Ndfa from shoot (%Ndfa_Sh) of 100 genotypes from both locations Darien and Popayán
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Aims
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) contributes to improve grain yield under nitrogen (N) deficiency. Climbing beans are known to be superior to bush beans in their potential for SNF. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) quantify genotypic differences in SNF ability of climbing beans using ¹⁵N natural abundance method; (ii) identify cl...
Citations
... SNP markers with a lower minor allele frequency than 5% were excluded. The effect of significant markers was visualized using boxplots for the trials of the current study and for six previous trials carried out by Keller et al. (2022a) and two trials by Barbosa et al. (2018). Candidate genes were identified within a region with a maximal distance of 100,000 bp from an identified significant marker-trait association and based on their relation to the photosynthetic apparatus using gene annotations from Phytozome v13 (Goodstein et al., 2012). ...
... Although not significant in the remaining trials, the effect of this marker was also observed in the CKA20D glasshouse and the Pal19D field trials ( Figure 5C). Furthermore, this marker caused pleiotropic effects on yield and SdFe in the complete VEC population including 290 lines evaluated in eight and four trials (Barbosa et al., 2018;Keller et al., 2022a), respectively (Supplementary Figure S7). However, the marker was neither for yield nor for SdFe significant (Supplementary Figure S8) suggesting that the Response G:PPFR was a rather stable physiological component of those more complex traits. ...
... Identified lines with low Response G:PPFR values and high yield ( Figure 2C) indicated i) high transduction efficiency of photochemical energy to biomass, which may result from high root and stem conductivity and efficient carbon and mineral partitioning, ii) the potential for higher yields of those lines when improving photosynthetic efficiency (Driever et al., 2014). In the climbing bean lines studied, additional variation for symbiotic nitrogen fixation was reported by Barbosa et al. (2018), which may also contribute to differences in ϵ c . In grain legumes, the costs of nitrogen fixation increase sink strength, emphasizing conversion efficiency as a breeding target. ...
Photosynthesis drives plant physiology, biomass accumulation and yield. Photosynthetic efficiency, specifically the operating efficiency of photosystem II (Fq’/Fm’), is highly responsive to actual growth conditions, especially to fluctuating photosynthetic photon fluence rate (PPFR). Under field conditions, plants constantly balance energy uptake to optimize growth. The dynamic regulation complicates the quantification of cumulative photochemical energy uptake based on the intercepted solar energy, its transduction into biomass and the identification of efficient breeding lines. Here, we show significant effects on biomass related to genetic variation in photosynthetic efficiency of 178 climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines. Under fluctuating conditions, the Fq’/Fm’ was monitored throughout the growing period using hand-held and automated chlorophyll fluorescence phenotyping. The seasonal response of Fq’/Fm’ to PPFR (ResponseG:PPFR) achieved significant correlations with biomass and yield ranging from 0.33 to 0.35 and 0.22 to 0.31 in two glasshouse and three field trials, respectively. Phenomic yield prediction outperformed genomic predictions for new environments in four trials under rather different growing conditions. Investigating genetic control over photosynthesis, one SNP (Chr09_37766289_13052) on chromosome 9 was significantly associated with ResponseG:PPFR in proximity to a candidate gene controlling chloroplast thylakoid formation. In conclusion, photosynthetic screening facilitates and accelerates selection for high yield potential.
... In low input faming systems such as this, SNF plays an important role in meeting the N requirements for successful growth and productivity (Mafongoya et al., 2009). Adequate genetic variation for SNF exists within the primary gene pool of common bean to support development of genotypes with high SNF ability (Barbosa et al., 2018;Diaz et al., 2017;Bliss, 1993;Farid et al., 2017;Graham, 1981;Handarson et al., 1993;Kamfwa et al., 2015Kamfwa et al., , 2017Kamfwa et al., , 2019Heilig et al., 2017). Identification of genotypes with high SNF ability could support breeding efforts for genetic enhancement of SNF. ...
... vulgaris). Beans can obtain a part of the nitrogen they need from the atmosphere through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Barbosa et al., 2018). Figure E1 (see Appendix E) shows the point estimate of village-level random effects. ...
This study analyzes smallholder farmers’ decisions to adopt beans with higher levels of dietary iron developed through a conventional breeding technique called biofortification. We approach this study by applying spatial econometric techniques to estimate neighborhood influence and to determine the factors driving the adoption of iron‐biofortified beans (IBB). We employ a cross‐sectional, nationally representative survey of bean producing households from 2015 bean growing season B in Rwanda, and present results for growers of both bush and climbing varieties of beans. The results show geographic diffusion of iron bean planting material occurs among neighboring farmers that exhibit interdependent decision‐making patterns, as well as similar characteristics relative to the group. Some policy implications can be drawn from the results. First, a differentiated geographical targeting strategy for bush and climbing bean varieties as a function of farmer and farm characteristics should increase iron bean adoption rates. Second, strengthening partnerships with delivery agents and extensionists should stimulate the adoption of IBB varieties. And finally, technology‐promotion programs that consider progressive farmers and strengthen social interactions and group activities among peer networks should increase the spread of information and diffusion of IBB.
... This is due in particular to the genetic characteristics of symbiotic partners as well as soil and environmental conditions (Assefa et al., 2019). To address this issue, intensive efforts are made worldwide to increase the natural process of nitrogen fixation through cultivar selection (Barbosa et al., 2018) and promote bean growth through inoculation with selected bacteria (e.g. Pohajda et al., 2016). ...
Most of the soils are N and P-deficient and require high applications of chemical fertilizers to ensure optimal crop production.
However, this practice poses in most cases serious environmental issues. In recent years, inoculation with beneficial bacteria
has emerged as a safe and sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers. In this context, we investigated the effect of two
symbiotic Agrobacterium radiobacter strains (LMR670 and LMR676) and two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus
sp. (M131) and Enterobacter sp. (P1S6), as single or combined inoculants, on common bean growth and yield under N and Pdeficient conditions. In a first trial, Agrobacterium strains’ symbiotic efficiency with common bean was evaluated in a low
phosphorus and nitrogen soil under greenhouse conditions. Strain LMR670 recorded the highest nodules number (53 nodules
per plant) and shoot dry weight (0.553 g plant-1
). This strain was then used in combination with the PGP rhizobacteria in a
common bean co-inoculation assay under sufficient and deficient P levels (80 kg ha-1of P and No P added). Single inoculation
with LMR670 recorded the highest shoot dry weight (82% increase compared to non-fertilized control) compared to combined
inoculants (46-47% increase). To corroborate the obtained results, a field experiment was conducted using the same treatments.
LMR670 as a single inoculant or mixed with M131 was consistently effective leading to common bean yields comparable to
N and P fertilized plants (13.07 t ha-1
and 12.35 t ha-1
respectively). In addition, single inoculation with the multi-PGP strain
M131 showed positive effects on all common bean growth parameters and yield value (14 t ha-1
); exceeding even N and P
fertilized control plants. These results suggest that the strains LMR670 and M131 can be used, in a single or combined
inoculation, as effective biological fertilizers for common bean cultivation to replace phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers.
Globally our results highlight the potential of native phytobeneficial strains for successful nodulation, growth and yield of
common bean under N and P-deficient conditions.
... The biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is predominant in plants belonging to the Fabaceae family, like beans, providing a good amount of N necessary for the satisfactory development of the plants if a set of fully functional nodules is available during the plant cycle. For Barbosa et al. (2018), BNF under field conditions can supply up to 125 kg ha -1 of N for beans, depending on the availability of N in the soil, traits of the rhizobia, water availability, and genetic material cultivated. ...
ABSTRACT The response capacity of the bean to fix atmospheric nitrogen is questionable, mainly due to its inability to supply all the nitrogen in the flowering and grain filling phases when the crop needs it most. Thus, a new application of inoculant can keep the population of rhizobia in the soil at adequate levels, meeting all the nitrogen demands of the plant. This study aimed to investigate the nodulation capacity and the production of beans submitted to doses and reinoculation of Rhizobium in topdressing under field conditions in two growth stages. For this, an experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four replicates in a 4 × 2 + 2 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of the application of four doses of liquid inoculant containing Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4088), in the concentration 2 × 109 CFU g-1, in topdressing (0, 100, 200 and 400 mL ha-1), in two development stages (V4 and R5) of plants, and two additional treatments (inoculation via seed at a dose of 100 g of the product per 50 kg of seeds and mineral nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 16 kg ha-1 applied at sowing and 60 kg ha-1 in topdressing, divided into two stages, with half being applied at the stage V3 and the other half in V4 stage).The inoculant application increased the nodulation rates of bean cultivar BRS Cometa and the dry biomass produced by plants, using doses of 232 and 221 mL ha-1, respectively. The dose of 257mL ha-1 of the liquid inoculant applied in topdressing at the V4 stage, and the inoculation via seed provide greater common bean yield without supplementing mineral nitrogen.
... Although largely neglected in breeding programs, climbing beans offer three main advantages over bush type beans: first, climbing beans reach higher yield per area, with up to 5 t ha -1 (Rosales-Serna et al., 2004;Checa et al., 2006;Barbosa et al., 2018). Second, they have a higher symbiotic nitrogen fixation capacity, with up to 92 kg of N fixed ha -1 (Graham, 1981;Bliss, 1993;Checa et al., 2006;Barbosa et al., 2018). ...
... Although largely neglected in breeding programs, climbing beans offer three main advantages over bush type beans: first, climbing beans reach higher yield per area, with up to 5 t ha -1 (Rosales-Serna et al., 2004;Checa et al., 2006;Barbosa et al., 2018). Second, they have a higher symbiotic nitrogen fixation capacity, with up to 92 kg of N fixed ha -1 (Graham, 1981;Bliss, 1993;Checa et al., 2006;Barbosa et al., 2018). Third, they achieve higher seed iron content (SdFe), with up to 10 mg/100 g (Blair et al., 2010;Blair, 2013;Petry et al., 2015;Mukamuhirwa and Rurangwa, 2018). ...
... The soil type in Darién and Popayán was an Inceptisol (Typic Dystrandept) with about 70 g/kg and 140 g/kg of soil organic matter, respectively, and a pH of around 5 (Barbosa et al., 2018). The soil type in Palmira was Mollisol with a pH between 7.0 and 7.5. ...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has two major origins of domestication, Andean and Mesoamerican, which contribute to the high diversity of growth type, pod and seed characteristics. The climbing growth habit is associated with increased days to flowering (DF), seed iron concentration (SdFe), nitrogen fixation, and yield. However, breeding efforts in climbing beans have been limited and independent from bush type beans. To advance climbing bean breeding, we carried out genome-wide association studies and genomic predictions using 1,869 common bean lines belonging to five breeding panels representing both gene pools and all growth types. The phenotypic data were collected from 17 field trials and were complemented with 16 previously published trials. Overall, 38 significant marker-trait associations were identified for growth habit, 14 for DF, 13 for 100 seed weight, three for SdFe, and one for yield. Except for DF, the results suggest a common genetic basis for traits across all panels and growth types. Seven QTL associated with growth habits were confirmed from earlier studies and four plausible candidate genes for SdFe and 100 seed weight were newly identified. Furthermore, the genomic prediction accuracy for SdFe and yield in climbing beans improved up to 8.8% when bush-type bean lines were included in the training population. In conclusion, a large population from different gene pools and growth types across multiple breeding panels increased the power of genomic analyses and provides a solid and diverse germplasm base for genetic improvement of common bean.
... En condiciones naturales, el COS resulta del balance entre la humificación y la mineralización incluyendo la salida de carbono en forma de dióxido a la atmósfera (Duval et al., 2014). Sin embargo, en la zona de trabajo la baja precipitación y las temperaturas superiores a 26 °C reducen la actividad biológica de microorganismos y afectan la fijación biológica de nitrógeno en las fabáceas (Barbosa et al., 2018). ...
Suelo y cambio climático es un enfoque sistémico resultado de investigaciones en el área de edafología, orientado a contribuir a la comprensión y apropiación del recurso como base del sistema ecológico. Este texto contiene experiencias contextualizadas que permiten repensar el uso del suelo y hacer aportes en la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan los saberes, a fin de orientar un mejor manejo del recurso, prioridad indispensable para sostener la vida, lo que conlleva a repensar alternativas que limiten los efectos de la actividad antrópica. Se evidencian conceptos con visión histórica del recurso, así como sus enfoques y funciones, y las causas y consecuencias de su degradación. Luego, se destaca la importancia de la materia orgánica, la cobertura vegetal y las prácticas de conservación. Se añaden apuntes de la importancia del agua en los sistemas, la nutrición vegetal como eje básico de seguridad alimentaria y la jerarquía del suelo en el fenómeno de cambio climático. Por último, se presentan estudios de casos desarrollados por los autores en campo, en los que se resalta la importancia de la cobertura vegetal para la conservación del suelo y la captura de carbono en el trópico seco; se caracteriza el sector agropecuario del Magdalena y la importancia de la conservación del suelo para mitigar el cambio climático, y se finaliza detallando el rol del suelo en la regulación hídrica y térmica en microcuencas del departamento.
... These higher doses are necessary to compensate for the losses that happen basically due to the great dynamics of the nutrient in the environment and its immobilization by microorganisms, and also because of its natural scarcity in the soils of Neotropical areas, such as Cerrado (Farinelli and Lemos 2010;Peres et al. 2018). Another hypothesis raised is that the plant absorbs part of the nutrient needed through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) (Barbosa et al. 2018;Peres et al. 2018;Hern andez-L opez et al. 2019). Estimates show that the common bean has the potential to fix from 125 to 160 kg ha À1 of atmospheric nitrogen in the soil (Barbosa et al. 2018). ...
... Another hypothesis raised is that the plant absorbs part of the nutrient needed through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) (Barbosa et al. 2018;Peres et al. 2018;Hern andez-L opez et al. 2019). Estimates show that the common bean has the potential to fix from 125 to 160 kg ha À1 of atmospheric nitrogen in the soil (Barbosa et al. 2018). ...
To what extent does the availability of nutrients to the mother plant affect seed quality and consequently seedling establishment? Based on this question, we evaluated the early plant establishment of the super-early BRS FC104 common bean. For that, we used seeds produced by mother plants in mutualism with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium leucaenae, strains SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080 and SEMIA 4088, at a ratio of 1:1:1) and/or fertilized with different nitrogen doses. These were applied in the physiological stages of higher nutrient demand. The cultivation system used was no-tillage. Our findings demonstrate that plants in mutualism and fertilized with 150 kg ha⁻¹ of N-fertilizer in V0 show increments in the seedling’s establishment ability (78, 33%). However, with this dose the percentage of vigorous normal seedlings decreases (42.0%). Mineral fertilization can be applied at any stage of the common bean development (64.27%). Mineral nitrogen causes a fixed variability in the system, regardless of the dose.
... Two replicated field trials were carried out; several traits of these trials have been described by Barbosa et al. (2018). One field trial was Climbing beans normally are growing between habit 4A or 4B; these require of special structure to support them to stand and grow up. ...
... Genotypic differences were found between the 100 genotypes for several traits measured in both locations (Table 2). Main agronomic data were previously reported by Barbosa et al. (2018). (Mendoza et al., 2014). ...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is grown in two growth types, bush and climbing beans. The latter are preferred in several regions in East and Southern African as well as in Latin America (dominant in Rwanda and Colombia), due to higher yields and resilience compared with bush type. Common bean productivity is reduced by several pests and diseases between them. Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), which is the most common and destructive poty‐virus affecting bean production worldwide, and anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, can cause yield losses as high as 95% in susceptible cultivars. Further important traits in common bean are high micro mineral contents to alleviate malnutrition and grain quality traits such as the canning quality of bean varieties, which is important for farmers to access the processing market. In this study, new climbing bean populations were generated (coded ENF/CGA) to combine high seed iron (SdFe) and multiple diseases resistance. Double and triple crosses between parents with virus and anthracnose resistance, high SdFe, and good agronomic traits were employed. In trials in Darien and Popayan, lines were identified that combine BCMNV/BCMV and anthracnose resistance with seed yields above 4000 kg/ha. Phenotypic evaluations validated the usefulness of SNP markers tagging the genes bc‐3 and I for BCMN and Co‐3 for anthracnose as a selection tool for field resistance. These results show the genetic potential of the lines that are now being tested in target regions to be delivered to smallholder farmers.
... In the previous studies, the nitrogen efficiency evaluation methods used for different crops or different genotypes or growth stages of the same crop were different. It has long been reported that plants have genotypic differences in nitrogen use (Chen 2006;Cui et al. 2009;Barbosa et al. 2018). The NUE of crops is directly related to plant growth and development and final yield (Razaq et al. 2017;Pellegrini et al. 2018;Wang et al. 2018). ...
To alleviate the effects of increasingly severe environmental conditions and meet the increasing demand for organic agricultural products, this paper studied tomato grafting under low nitrogen conditions in an effort to enhance yield and improve fruit quality by enhancing nitrogen metabolism. In this study, we screened for two tomato genotypes, a high nitrogen use efficiency genotype (‘TMS-150’) and a low nitrogen use efficiency genotype (‘0301111’), using rootstocks from 25 tomato genotypes and studied the effects of tomato grafting on plant yield, fruit quality, nitrogen content, activities of key nitrogen metabolism enzymes, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under different nitrogen fertilizer conditions. The results showed that the yield of the tomato plants, the activities of key enzymes during nitrogen metabolism, the contents of different forms of nitrogen, and the efficiency of nitrogen use were lower at low nitrogen fertilization levels and higher at higher nitrogen fertilization levels, while the measured indicators were the highest under the N40 nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Grafting tomatoes with high-NUE tomato seedlings as the rootstock resulted in significant increases in the nitrogen content and the activity of key enzymes, enhanced the NUE of tomato plants, increased tomato yield, and improved fruit quality compared to those of the seedlings grafted with low-NUE rootstock. Our results indicate that tomato plants grafted with high-NUE rootstock presented enhanced absorption and utilization of nitrogen and increased plant yield by promoting nitrogen metabolism at different nitrogen levels.
