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This study aimed to investigate risk factors for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults visiting regional medical institutions. We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 552 participants (mean age: 74.6 ± 6.7 years, males 31.3%) who underwent body composition evaluation between March 2017 and December 2018 at one of 24 medical instituti...
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Purpose
It is unknown whether computed tomography (CT)-based total abdominal muscle measures are representative of specific abdominal muscle groups and whether analysis of specific abdominal muscle groups are predictive of the risk of adverse outcomes in older cancer patients.
Methods
Retrospective single-center cohort study in elective colon canc...
Citations
... reported knowing what sarcopenia is [12]. EWGSOP2, AWGS2019, and some researchers recommend facilitating timely lifestyle interventions and related health education for primary health care in community and prevention settings, which will increase awareness of sarcopenia prevention and intervention in diverse health care settings [1,2,[13][14][15]. Nevertheless, our scoping review found that there were 142 intervention groups designed in 59 studies for preventing possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia in the community, but the proportion of intervention groups containing health education components (15.5%) was substantially lower than those containing exercise or nutrition components (52.8% and 34.5%, respectively) [10]. ...
Possible sarcopenia refers to low muscle strength. Prevalence of possible sarcopenia is estimated to be significantly higher in community-dwelling older adults than that of confirmed or severe sarcopenia. However, there are currently far fewer non-pharmacological intervention strategies for possible sarcopenia than for sarcopenia in the community. Meanwhile, one type of non-pharmacological intervention in sarcopenic area, health education, is under-researched, and older people’s awareness about sarcopenia is extremely low, necessitating an immediate dissemination tool for prevention. Social media may be a potential, scalable, low-cost tool for this. This study protocol outlines how a social media-based multicomponent intervention will be co-designed with stakeholders to address this evidence gap. Guided by the Medical Research Council’s framework, the proposed research covers two phases that employ a co-design approach to develop a theory-based multicomponent intervention to increase sarcopenia prevention in the community. The participants will be recruited from young-old adults (60~69) with possible sarcopenia in the community of Changsha, China. Maximum sample size will be 45 participants in total, with 18~25 participants in the development phase and 15~20 participants in the pre-test phase. During two rounds of focus groups with older adults, a social-media based intervention strategy will be developed from a theory-based conceptual model and an initial intervention plan formulated by the research group. After this, there will be a three-week pre-test phase, followed by a semi-structured interview to further modify the theory-based conceptual model and the social-media based intervention strategy. The focus of the data analysis will be on thematic analysis of qualitative data primarily derived from the group interview and the semi-structured interview with key stakeholders.
... One study in community-dwelling older adults demonstrated that malnutrition is an independent predictor of sarcopenia (OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.04 to 5.60). 33 (2) Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation: oxidative stress, which is an imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant levels, is commonly observed in patients with SSc. 34 Increased oxidative stress disrupts the balance between the degradation and resynthesis of skeletal muscle proteins. ...
Objective
This review aims to provide an estimate of sarcopenia prevalence and its impact on clinical characteristics in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).
Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data sources
Embase, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systemically searched from inception to 24 May 2023.
Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
We included observational studies that reported the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with SSc.
Data extraction and synthesis
Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction using standardised methods. Risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Scale and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models.
Results
A total of 4583 articles were screened and 9 studies with data from 815 patients were included in the analysis (8 cross-sectional studies and 1 retrospective cohort study). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with SSc was 22% (95% CI 17% to 28%). Patients with SSc with sarcopenia had a poorer quality of life (mean difference −12.02; 95% CI −19.11 to −4.93) and higher C reactive protein (CRP) levels (standardised mean difference 0.67; 95% CI 0.35 to 1.00).
Conclusions
Sarcopenia is common in patients with SSc. Patients with SSc with sarcopenia had a worse quality of life and higher CRP levels, based on our findings. Given the detrimental impact of sarcopenia on quality of life, future efforts aimed at early identification of sarcopenia in the clinical assessment of patients with SSc may have significance.
PROSPERO registration number
CRD42022368326.
... Out of the total studies, 52 [11,18,[20][21][22][24][25][26][27][28][29][32][33][34][35][36]38,39,41,42,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51]53,56,60,61,63,64,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][83][84][85] followed a cross-sectional design, while the remaining 17 [19,23,28,30,31,37,40,43,44,52,54,55,58,59,62,65,82] were cohort studies. Among these studies, 48 [11,23,[25][26][27][28][29][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][59][60][61][62][63]65,66,70,71,74,75,77,78,[80][81][82][83][84][85] were conducted in Asian countries, and 21 were from non-Asian countries (10 from Europe [18][19][20][21][22]43,44,58,76,79], 9 from the Americas [30,42,45,64,[67][68][69]72,73], 1 from Australia [24] and 1 from Oceania [41]). ...
... However, the literature remains divided on whether gender has a causal relationship with sarcopenia [91]. Some studies have shown that men are more prone to developing sarcopenia in nursing homes and community settings [26,34,35,49,56,57,66]. Gallagher et al. indicated that men experience a rate of muscle loss twice as fast as women [92]. ...
To investigate the factors associated with sarcopenia in elderly individuals residing in nursing homes and community settings, we conducted a systematic search of databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane, up to May 2023. We incorporated a total of 70 studies into our analysis. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of sarcopenia in nursing homes ranged from 25% to 73.7%, while in community settings, it varied from 5.2% to 62.7%. The factors associated with sarcopenia in both nursing homes and community settings included male gender, BMI, malnutrition, and osteoarthritis. In community settings, these factors comprised age, poor nutrition status, small calf circumference, smoking, physical inactivity, cognitive impairment, diabetes, depression and heart disease. Currently, both the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) standards are widely utilized in nursing homes and community settings, with the EWGSOP standard being more applicable to nursing homes. Identifying factors associated with sarcopenia is of paramount significance, particularly considering that some of them can be modified and managed. Further research is warranted to investigate the impact of preventive measures on these factors in the management of sarcopenia among elderly individuals residing in nursing homes and community settings.
... It is also associated with sex, disease status and comorbidities, and the type and duration of treatment (e.g., high-dose chemotherapy and steroids) [17]. Kurose et al. [19] showed that age, obesity, hypertension, the frequency of daily conversation, and malnutrition were independent predictors of sarcopenia. Wu et al. [20] showed that risk factors for sarcopenia included age, sex, smoking status, and BMI. ...
Background/Aim: Rapid identification of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is crucial for clinical decision-making and healthcare management. Sarcopenia is characterized by muscle loss and increases the risks for adverse outcomes; there is limited information in the literature regarding possible links between sarcopenia and MPNs. This study evaluated the frequency of sarcopenia in patients with MPNs and investigated whether biochemical or clinical features were associated with the development of sarcopenia. Methods: Fifty-six BCR-ABL1-negative patients were included in this randomized prospective cohort research study. Muscle strength was measured using a handgrip dynamometer. Muscle mass was evaluated using a bioelectrical-impedance analyzer, and physical performance was evaluated via gait speed in a 6-minute walking test. Results: The mean handgrip strength of the cohort was 27.7 kg, and 13 patients (23.2%) tested positive for low muscle strength. Mean muscle mass was found to be 7.58 (1.17) kg/m2, and seven patients (12.5%) exhibited low muscle mass. Three patients (5.4%) had low muscle quality. Nine patients (16.1%) were diagnosed with probable sarcopenia, and four patients (7.1%) were diagnosed with severe sarcopenia. There was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical features (P>0.05), nutritional assessment (macro and micronutrients) (P=0.959), comorbidities (P=0.476), or laboratory measurements (P>0.05). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of sarcopenia among patients with MPNs, which indicates that periodic measurements of muscle strength, body composition and physical performance may contribute to the management of MPNs.
... China (n = 2), 13,14 Korea (n = 2), 6,15 Japan (n = 3), [16][17][18] Turkey (n = 1), 19 Italy (n = 1), 20 and Spain (n = 1), 21 Table 1. ...
This meta-analysis aimed to explore the potential relationship between senile sarcopenia and hypertension in older people. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, up to November 2022. Ten studies comprising 14 804 participants were enrolled. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was pooled to evaluate the correlation between sarcopenia and hypertension in older people utilizing a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were then carried out to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. The results revealed a substantial correlation between sarcopenia and hypertension among older people (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.15-1.67, p < .01). Further subgroup analysis revealed an association between sarcopenic obesity and hypertension (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.37-1.62, p < .01). In conclusions, our findings highlighted a significant relationship between sarcopenia and hypertension among older people, with sarcopenic obesity amplifying this risk.
... We assessed the composition of the body, including muscle and fat components. Body composition components were calculated as a percentage (%) of the participant's body weight [20]. ...
... All these factors control downstream pathways that regulate several cellular functions, including the PI3K/Akt/mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling cascade that regulates protein synthesis and insulin-like growth-factor-1-mediated muscle fiber hypertrophy. It has also been shown that in the Z-disks of myocytes, αactinin-2 interacts with atrogin-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is activated during muscle atrophy [20]. Taken together, these data suggest that α-actinin-3 deficiency alters the regulation of muscle mass by modifying key signaling molecules associated with protein synthesis and degradation. ...
... All these factors control downstream pathways that regulate several cellular functions, including the PI3K/Akt/mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling cascade that regulates protein synthesis and insulin-like growth-factor-1-mediated muscle fiber hypertrophy. It has also been shown that in the Z-disks of myocytes, α-actinin-2 interacts with atrogin-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is activated during muscle atrophy [20]. Taken together, these data suggest that α-actinin-3 deficiency alters the regulation of muscle mass by modifying key signaling molecules associated with protein synthesis and degradation. ...
Unlabelled:
An elite athlete's status is associated with a multifactorial phenotype depending on many environmental and genetic factors. Of course, the peculiarities of the structure and function of skeletal muscles are among the most important characteristics in the context of athletic performance.
Purpose:
To study the associations of SNV rs1815739 (C577T or R577X) allelic variants and genotypes of the ACTN3 gene with qualification and competitive distance in Caucasian athletes of the Southern Urals.
Methods:
A total of 126 people of European origin who lived in the Southern Urals region took part in this study. The first group included 76 cyclical sports athletes (speed skating, running disciplines in track-and-field): SD (short distances) subgroup-40 sprinters (mean 22.1 ± 2.4 y.o.); LD (long distances) subgroup-36 stayer athletes (mean 22.6 ± 2.7 y.o.). The control group consisted of 50 healthy nonathletes (mean 21.4 ± 2.7 y.o.). We used the Step One Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, USA) device for real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results:
The frequency of the major allele R was significantly higher in the SD subgroup compared to the control subgroup (80% vs. 64%; p-value = 0.04). However, we did not find any significant differences in the frequency of the R allele between the athletes of the SD subgroup and the LD subgroup (80% vs. 59.7%, respectively; p-value > 0.05). The frequency of the X allele was lower in the SD subgroup compared to the LD subgroup (20% vs. 40.3%; p-value = 0.03). The frequency of homozygous genotype RR was higher in the SD subgroup compared to the control group (60.0% vs. 34%; p-value = 0.04). The R allele was associated with competitive distance in the SD group athletes compared to those of the control group (OR = 2.45 (95% CI: 1.02-5.87)). The X allele was associated with competitive distance in the LD subgroup compared to the SD subgroup (OR = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.09-6.68)).
Conclusions:
Multiplicative and additive inheritance models demonstrated that high athletic performance for sprinters was associated with the homozygous dominant genotype 577RR in cyclical sports athletes of Caucasian origin in the Southern Urals.
... The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 18, 2023 Non-pharmacological interventions are essencial for sarcopenia prevention, but health education is under-researched. EWGSOP, AWGS, and some researchers recommend facilitating timely lifestyle interventions and related health education for primary health care in community and prevention settings, which will increase awareness of sarcopenia prevention and intervention in diverse health care settings 1,2,[16][17][18] . Nevertheless, our previous scoping review found that the proportion of intervention types containing health education component(s) to prevent possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia (15.5%) was significantly lower than other types, such as exercise (52.8%) or nutrition (34.5%) 10 . ...
Introduction
Prevalence of possible sarcopenia is estimated to be significantly higher in community-dwelling older adults than that of confirmed or severe sarcopenia. However, there are currently far fewer non-pharmacological intervention strategies for possible sarcopenia than for sarcopenia in the community. Meanwhile, one type of non-pharmacological intervention in sarcopenic area, health education, is under-researched, and older people's awareness about sarcopenia is extremely low, necessitating an immediate dissemination tool for prevention. Social media may be a potential, scalable, low-cost tool for this. This study protocol outlines how a social media-based multicomponent intervention will be co-designed with stakeholders to address this evidence gap.
Methods and analysis
Guided by the Medical Research Council's framework, the proposed research covers two phases that employ a co-design approach to develop a theory-based multicomponent intervention to increase sarcopenia prevention in the community. The participants will be recruited from young-old adults (60~69) with possible sarcopenia in the community of Changsha, China. Maximum sample size will be 45 participants in total, with 18~25 participants in the development phase and 15~20 participants in the pre-testing phase. During two rounds of focus groups with older adults, a social-media based intervention strategy will be developed from a theory-based conceptual model and an initial intervention plan formulated by the research group. After this, there will be a three-week pre-testing phase, followed by a semi-structured interview to further modify the theory-based conceptual model and the social-media based intervention strategy. The focus of the data analysis will be on thematic analysis of qualitative data primarily derived from the group interview and the semi-structured interview with key stakeholders.
Ethics and dissemination
This study has been approved by the University of Manchester Research Ethics Committee (Project ID: 15664), and permissions have already been granted by collaborators in relevant Chinese organisations. We will collaborate with stakeholders to inform our dissemination strategy and co-present our findings (e.g., at community events or through social media). Furthermore, we will disseminate our findings to academics and healthcare professionals via webinars, academic conferences, and peer-reviewed publications.
... In another study, age, certification of long-term care, and malnutrition were identified as risk factors for sarcopenia [35]. Sarcopenia is thought to primarily explain the age-related loss of muscle strength, such as dynapenia, commonly seen in older people [36]. ...
Sedentary behavior in patients with schizophrenia causes muscle weakness, is associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, and contributes to mortality risk. This pilot case-control study aims to examine the associated factors for dynapenia/sarcopenia in patients with schizophrenia. The participants were 30 healthy individuals (healthy group) and 30 patients with schizophrenia (patient group), who were matched for age and sex. Descriptive statistics, Welch’s t-test, cross-tabulations, adjusted residuals, Fisher’s exact probability test (extended), and/or odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. In this study, dynapenia was significantly more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy individuals. Regarding body water, Pearson’s chi-square value was 4.41 (p = 0.04), and significantly more patients with dynapenia were below the normal range. In particular, body water and dynapenia showed a significant association, with an OR = 3.42 and 95% confidence interval [1.06, 11.09]. Notably, compared with participants of the healthy group, patients with schizophrenia were overweight, had less body water, and were at a higher risk for dynapenia. The impedance method and the digital grip dynamometer used in this study were simple and useful tools for evaluating muscle quality. To improve health conditions for patients with schizophrenia, additional attention should be paid to muscle weakness, nutritional status, and physical rehabilitation.
... The prevalence of possible sarcopenia was 12.2% and 3.2% in Korean and Japanese community-dwelling older adults, respectively 7,8 . As well, in Japan 30.1% of community-dwelling older adults that visited regional medical institutions had possible sarcopenia 9 . In Chinese older adults, possible sarcopenia prevalence was 38.5%, 31.1% and 41% in all, urban, and rural areas, respectively 10 . ...
... To date most studies of this condition have combined participants with possible sarcopenia with the normal (no sarcopenia) group for comparison with the sarcopenia group (sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia). These studies were presented among Japan community-dwelling older adults and Thai outpatient elderly 9,11 . One study has addressed number of teeth and masticatory function as associated with possible sarcopenia; nevertheless, their aim was to examine only oral health 7 . ...
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that increases the risk of fall-related injury. Low muscle strength with or without reduced physical performance is used to identify possible sarcopenia, or those at risk of sarcopenia. To date, there is limited evidence available regarding the situation of sarcopenia risk among Thai older adults. Our study evaluated the prevalence of possible sarcopenia and determined the related factors among Thai community-dwelling older adults. Information about socio-demography, chewing difficulty, and food consumption was collected by interview as well as anthropometric measurements. Possible sarcopenia was defined using the recommendation of the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) consensus. Factors that were related to possible sarcopenia were examined using multiple logistic regression, presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Participants were randomly selected using multi-stage sampling from population registers provided by local village health staff in selected sub-districts of Khon Kaen province. Among 510 older adults, the mean age was 69.1 (SD = 6.7) years, 67.3% were women, and 29.2% of them had chewing difficulty. The overall prevalence of possible sarcopenia was 32.2%. Women with high waist circumference (WC) had a higher rate of possible sarcopenia than men (25.9% and 10.5%, respectively). Factors relating to possible sarcopenia were chewing difficulty (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.36-3.22; p-value = 0.001), low mid-upper arm circumference or MUAC (AOR = 6.51; 95% CI: 3.40-12.47; p-value < 0.001), and normal waist circumference or WC (AOR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.35-3.39; p-value = 0.001). Possible sarcopenia was prevalent among Thai community-dwelling older adults. Chewing difficulty, low MUAC, and normal WC were related to possible sarcopenia. Dietary and exercise modifications in this population are therefore a good target for lessening the occurrence of possible sarcopenia.
... Currently, most studies focus on the prevalence and risk factors of total sarcopenia in urban areas Kurose et al., 2020). However, a significant difference in the prevalence of total sarcopenia among older people between urban and suburban areas has been found, which shows that older people in suburban areas are more likely to suffer from sarcopenia than those in urban areas . ...
Objectives
The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia without obesity (S) and sarcopenic obesity (SO) among community-dwelling older people in the Chongming District of Shanghai, China, according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 Consensus as the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia.Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1,407 subjects aged ≥65 years were included, where the mean age of the subjects was 71.91 ± 5.59 years and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.65 ± 3.32 kg/m2. According to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 Consensus, sarcopenia was defined as a low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (≤7.0 kg/m2 in males and ≤5.7 kg/m2 in females), decreased handgrip strength (<28.0 kg in males and <18.0 kg in females), and/or low gait speed (<1.0 m/s) or poor 5-time chair stand test (5CST) (≥12s). The SO met both the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and obesity, meanwhile obesity was defined as an increased percentage of body fat (PBF) (≥25% in males and ≥35% in females). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the risk factors of both S and SO.ResultsThe prevalence of S and SO was 9.74% (M: 9.29%, F: 10.05%) and 9.95% (M: 13.94%, F: 7.14%). Lower BMI (OR = 0.136, 95% CI: 0.054–0.340, p < 0.001), lower hip circumference (OR = 0.858, 95% CI: 0.816–0.903, p < 0.001), farming (OR = 1.632, 95% CI: 1.053–2.530, p = 0.028), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (OR = 2.235, 95% CI: 1.484–3.367, p < 0.001), and a sleep duration <7 h (OR = 0.561, 95% CI: 0.346–0.909, p = 0.019) were risk factors for S. While aging (70–74 y, OR = 1.923, 95% CI: 1.122–3.295, p = 0.017; 75–79 y, OR = 3.185, 95% CI: 1.816–5.585, p < 0.001; ≥80 y, OR = 7.192, 95% CI: 4.133–12.513, p < 0.001), male (OR = 1.981, 95% CI: 1.351–2.904, p < 0.001), higher BMI (OR = 4.865, 95% CI: 1.089–21.736, p = 0.038), higher monocyte level (OR = 4.203, 95% CI: 1.340–13.181, p = 0.014), and a sleep duration >9 h (OR = 1.881, 95% CI: 1.117–3.166, p = 0.017) were risk factors for SO.Conclusion
Our study showed the high prevalence of S and SO among community-dwelling older people in the Chongming District. The SO was more prevalent in males. Behavioral factors and lifestyle (such as farming and sleep duration) were associated more with the development of S, while age and male gender were associated more with the development of SO.
