Figure 4 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Recycling of waste plastics is an essential phase towards cleaner production and circular economy. Plastics in different forms, which are non-biodegradable polymers, have become an indispensable ingredient of human life. The rapid growth of the world population has led to increased demand for commodity plastics such as food packaging. Therefore, to...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... drop weight test with a hammer of 4.45 kg in mass was used. The hammer was frequently released from a height of 457 mm on a stainless steel ball with 63.5 mm diameter, located at the centre of the top surface of the concrete disks, as revealed in Figure 4. The number of blows to first crack and the failure of disks were recorded as N1 and N2, respectively. ...
Context 2
... wet density of concrete signifies the mass per unit volume of fresh state concrete, which mostly is related to the type and quantity of constitution used in the concrete mixture. The results of the wet density of concrete are illustrated in Figure 4, and the values varied from 2245 kg/m 3 to 2350 kg/m 3 . It was found that by increasing fibre dosages, all reinforced mixtures' wet density decreased gradually. ...
Similar publications
The use of fly ash (FA) limestone and powder (LP) in combination with cement in concrete has several practical, ecological, and economic advantages by reducing carbon dioxide emissions, reducing the excessive consumption of natural resources, and contributing to a cleaner production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). A mix design method for SCC bas...
Key technologies deliver ground-breaking innovations which help progress on all fronts. They lead to better medical care, cleaner transport and more efficient and cleaner production. Key technologies thus have a major and unassailable impact on science, society and the economy. However, their development also raises questions and concerns, for exam...
This paper studies carbon taxes effectiveness to induce a transition to cleaner production when a firm faces different technologies and demands. To determine carbon taxes effectiveness, we propose a framework based on a strategic capacity planning under carbon taxes model, that consider proper perfomance measures. The model, which is formulated as...
Cleaner Production (CP) practices comprised environmental strategy perpetually applied in the production, processes, and services to bolster efficiency, safety, and environmental friendliness. Some factors are to be considered to achieve a cleaner production strategy: stakeholders establishment, surveys, utilization, and impact, as well as how the...
Production planning and control (PPC), responsible for all the activities that keep production running regularly, plays an essential role in the transition to more sustainable manufacturing systems. PPC decision-making processes need to be driven by sustainable principles even if this makes them more effortful and complex from the strategic to oper...
Citations
... In this study, a dataset consisting of 276 and 235 data points for CS and TS of plastic concrete was collected from previous research studies for model development [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. The dataset includes cement (C), plastic (P), sand (S), water (W), gravel (G), and age (A) as inputs, whereas CS and TS were set as output variables. ...
... Research on using upcycled materials for building low-cost houses has been considered a viable solution to address inadequate housing in low-income communities [2]. Several scholars have reported using upcycled materials such as plastic waste [3][4][5][6], agricultural waste [7][8][9] and fibre waste [10][11][12]. The comprehensive review presented by [13] shows that numerous studies have investigated the thermal performance of upcycled materials for constructing homes, however these have mainly been at the component level. ...
Several studies have shown that the use of upcycled materials for construction is a viable intervention for delivering affordable and adequate housing in low-income communities. However, information regarding the in-situ performance of buildings made from upcycled materials is scarce in the literature. This paper compares the thermal performance of a building with walls made of sand-filled plastic bottles (Bottle House) with two other conventional buildings, one made of mud bricks (Mud House) and another made of sandcrete blocks (Cement House). In order to obtain the thermal sensation vote (TSV) of the occupants, thermal comfort questionnaires were developed based on ISO 7730 standards using the seven-point ASHRAE thermal sensation scale. Also, a Testo 480 multifunction meter which comprised of an anemometer, radiant globe thermometer, air thermometer, and Relative Humidity probe, was used to concurrently calculate the predicted mean vote (PMV). From the results of the thermal sensation votes (TSV) based on the occupant's survey, mean votes from participants of -2.0, 2.0 and 2.5 were observed for the bottle house, mud house and cement house respectively. In comparison, using the extended PMV thermal comfort model better suited for non-air-conditioned buildings in warm climates, adjusted PMV mean values of 1.9, 2.1 and 2.1 were recorded for the bottle house, mud house and cement house respectively. The TSV and PMV results both indicate that occupants of the bottle house felt more thermally comfortable when compared to occupants in the other dwellings. The results of this paper will provide evidence of the prospects of upcycling plastic waste for construction and its impact on occupants' thermal comfort when compared to conventional building materials.
... Since most of the plastic wastes are non-biodegradable, reuse or recycling is found to be feasible and a suitable way to minimize the disposal rate of plastics into the environment. Nowadays PET bottles are recycled into many new products such as polyester fabric, carpet, clothing, food trays, and petroleum products by reducing fossil fuels, plastic as coal in cement kilns and thermal power plants, floor tiles and construction materials [12][13][14][15][16]. In the construction sector, PET bottles are reused as roofing and flooring tiles by melting the PET bottles chips. ...
... Rishinath et al. [20] substituted 2, 4, and 6% of PET for fine aggregate and observed that the compressive strength of the concrete increased up to 2% upon replacement of PET and beyond that point increment of PET decreases compressive strength. Srinivasan et al. [22], on substitution of 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50, and 55% of fine aggregate, noted that the optimum substitution percentage of PET is 40%. Dawood A. O. et al. [23], upon substitution of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 20% of PET with fine aggregate, observed that the compressive strength increases when PET is augmented up to 12.5%. ...
Usage of single use plastics has been rapidly increasing in the recent past and it is challenging to dispose of these plastics safely, since they are non-biodegradable. Especially, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) which is widely used in the form of water bottles cannot be easily recycled or reused. On the other hand, construction projects require sustainable materials having good strength, accordingly various studies have been conducted to reuse plastic wastes in the concrete and positive results have been obtained. In this study, the crushed PET bottles are partially substituted with fine aggregates and water hyacinth is added as a bio plasticizer in concrete. The concrete specimens are cast by substituting PET aggregates with the fine aggregates at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10% and water hyacinth is added at 10 & 20% by weight of water. The specimens are tested and it is noted that with the addition of PET aggregates up to 4% the strength of the concrete increases and beyond 4%, strength of the concrete gradually decreases, and addition of water hyacinth enhances the strength of the concrete.
... Upcycled building materials, which are materials originating from waste that are repurposed as building construction materials, may be an affordable and available solution for people to build or retrofit their homes in informal settlements in the tropics [18]. These upcycled materials could be sourced from plastic waste [19][20][21][22], agricultural waste [23][24][25], and fibre waste sourced from cellulose, plastic, straw, polystyrene, and jute [26][27][28][29][30][31]. The thermal performance of such upcycled materials has been investigated at component level where it has been shown that recycled agricultural waste reduced the thermal conductivity of the bricks in which they were incorporated by 29-46% [32][33][34][35] and recycled plastic fibres produced similar results [31,36,37]. ...
... The inclusion of WMP fibres reduced the compressive strength of the concrete specimen. In another study, Mohammadhosseini and Alyousef [68] utilized polypropylene from waste plastic food tray (WPFT) fibres as fibrous materials in concrete composites. Used at dosages of 0-1% in two groups of concrete with 100% ordinary Portland cement (OPC), they report that the compressive strength diminished slightly with the addition of WMP fibres. ...
... The mixture of WMP fibres and POFA resulted in the improvement of tensile strength. Likewise, Mohammadhosseini and Alyousef [68] observed that the addition of waste WPFT fibres significantly enhanced the tensile strength of all concrete mixes. The obtained results showed that the tensile strength of all concrete mixes reinforced with WPFT fibres was higher than those of plain mixes. ...
... MohammadHosseini et al. [68] measured the flexural strength values of all concrete mixes reinforced with WPFT fibres, and observed they were greater than that of the reference concrete mix without any fibres. The outcomes showed a definite rise in the tensile capacity of reinforced specimens owing to the presence of fibres at high dosages. ...
The production of conventional construction materials such as concrete, cement and bricks, has contributed significantly to the high environmental footprint associated with the construction industry. Moreover, there is a global push to deviate from the linear take-use-dispose model to a circular economy model, which incorporates upcycling and reuse of materials. This paper reviews the application of agricultural and plastic wastes, in construction, exploring the performance of the resulting component using five key parameters: compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, density and thermal conductivity. The study showed that the compressive, tensile and flexural strengths can be increased slightly by increasing waste content; however, this only occurs in a narrow range after which an increase in waste content reduces the mechanical strength. This reduced strength can be attributed to a weaker bond resulting from the increased waste content. It also suggests that components may not directly benefit from the mechanical properties of waste materials. The waste materials resulted in a lower density which has implications for lightweight applications. Similarly, both waste materials were observed to improve the thermal insulation properties which is an advantage for improving thermal comfort in buildings. Despite the reduction in mechanical strength, it was observed that components with waste materials can be used for non-structural elements, thereby reducing the quantity and cost of new materials to be used. The application of these wastes in construction offers a pathway to reducing the environmental impact of construction, avoiding reliance on landfills for waste disposal and reducing construction costs.
... Despite its remarkable performance, a model based entirely on experimental data is not considered the most effective model. A data-base of 320 data points was created for each outcome to train GEP models [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. The input elements that influence the mechanical characteristics must be selected before developing a model. ...
The industrial revolution brought environmental degradation to light. Concrete and plastic degrade the ecosystem and cause unsustainable development. Academic and industrial sectors are interested in lowering carbon emissions associated with concrete. Meanwhile, global sand scarcity worries environmentalists. To reach sustainable development goals, cement and fine aggregate must be substituted with other abundant waste/natural materials. This study aimed to develop a green concrete by utilizing plastic waste and creating modelling tool for predicting the mechanical properties of plastic concrete. Different composition of silica fume and superplasticizers substituted fine aggregate and cement in both irradiated (treated) and regular (untreated) plastic concrete. Compressive strength (fc’) and split tensile strength (fst) of the resulting concrete were studied. Moreover, from literature data, 320 data points each for fc' and fst were used to train gene expression programming (GEP) models. Models’ accuracy was evaluated employing various statistical measures. Regular plastic waste concrete has demonstrated a lower fc’ and exhibited anomalous behavior for fst. While irradiated plastic waste concrete has demonstrated improved mechanical characteristics, comparatively. Correlation coefficients using GEP models for fc’ and fst were found to be 0.92 and 0.88, respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis revealed that plastic was the most significant in the GEP model’s development. K fold validation was employed to prevent over-fitting of the models. GEP provides an empirical expression for each outcome to predict future database features. This research improves green concrete's long-term sustainability by reducing carbon emissions and alleviating fine aggregate scarcity.
... A model that is solely based on experimental data performs admirably, yet it cannot be called the best-performing model. The plastic concrete database containing 320 tests for each outcome, i.e., f c ' and f sts was compiled using data from internationally published studies [14,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Tables 3 and 4 illustrate the maximum and minimum ranges of input parameters that are functions of outputs. ...
The need for eco-friendly materials has been attracted due to renewability,
abundance availability, low cost, and so on. Therefore, the search for bio fillers
for the fabrication of bio-based composite materials is gaining more and more
attention in both academic and industry circles because it promotes sustain-
ability. The present study represents the utilization of biomass solid waste in
the hybrid form of Tamarind Seed and Date Seed Filler (TSF/DSF) into
polymer reinforced composite which has been explored for the first time by a
compression molding technique. These fillers are bio-waste that can be
obtained at a minimal cost from renewable sources. An attempt has been made
to use these hybrid fillers to reinforce the matrix ranging from 0 to 50 wt%,
and their physical, mechanical, and thermal properties were investigated. In
general, the inclusion of hybrid fillers increases mechanical properties,
although the addition of hybrid fillers had only a minor impact on thermal
properties. When compared to the pure vinyl ester resin, the hybrid fillers rein-
forced composites revealed a significant enhancement in tensile, flexural,
impact, and hardness properties, with improvements of 1.51 times, 1.44 times,
1.87 times, and 1.46 times respectively, at 10 wt% filler loading. Filler matrix
interaction of fractured mechanical testing samples was evaluated by scanning
electron microscope. Based on the findings, hybrid filler reinforced composites
may be suitable for applications where cost is a consideration and where minor
compromises in thermal qualities are acceptable.
... The spread of COVID-19 heart disease has led to an increase in global demand for disinfectants, detergents, masks, and other health items [2,3]. The increase of these detergents and masks increases the pollution of water and wetlands and the environment and has adverse negative effects on living organisms [4]. ...
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, single-use disposable masks saw a dramatic rise in production. Facial masks that are not properly disposed of will expose the environment to a form of non-biodegradable plastic waste that will take hundreds of years to degrade. Therefore, recycling such waste in an eco-friendly manner is imperative. Fibered or shredded waste masks can be used to make green concrete that is an environmentally friendly solution to dispose the facial masks. This study prepared six classes of concrete samples, three of which contained fibers from masks and three of which contained shredded masks at the ages of seven days and 28 days. The results show that in the seven-day and 28-day samples, mask fiber added to the mixes resulted in increased compressive strength. For seven-day and 28-day samples, the compressive strength increased by 7.2% and 10%, respectively. Despite that, the results of the shredded mask addition to concrete indicate that the increase in shredded mask volume has a minor impact on the compressive strength of the seven-day samples. An increase in shredded mask from 0.75 to 1% increased 28-day compressive strength by 14%. However, the compressive strength of the mask fiber decreased by 8 after 1% volume. According to a thermal analysis of 28-day concrete samples, as the fiber percentage increases, the mass loss percentage increases. The mass loss rate for samples containing fibers is higher than that for samples containing shredded mask pieces. In general, based on the results mentioned above, the use of fiber in concrete in its fiber state enhances its strength properties. As a result, using shredded mask pieces in concrete leads to better curing due to the reduction of residual capillary pore water loss in construction materials
... The spread of COVID-19 heart disease has led to an increase in global demand for disinfectants, detergents, masks, and other health items [2,3]. The increase of these detergents and masks increases the pollution of water and wetlands and the environment and has adverse negative effects on living organisms [4]. ...
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, single-use disposable masks saw a dramatic rise in production. Facial masks that are not properly disposed of will expose the environment to a form of non-biodegradable plastic waste that will take hundreds of years to degrade. Therefore, recycling such waste in an eco-friendly manner is imperative. Fibered or shredded waste masks can be used to make green concrete that is an environmentally friendly solution to dispose the facial masks. This study prepared six classes of concrete samples, three of which contained fibers from masks and three of which contained shredded masks at the ages of seven days and 28 days. The results show that in the seven-day and 28-day samples, mask fiber added to the mixes resulted in increased compressive strength. For seven-day and 28-day samples, the compressive strength increased by 7.2% and 10%, respectively. Despite that, the results of the shredded mask addition to concrete indicate that the increase in shredded mask volume has a minor impact on the compressive strength of the seven-day samples. An increase in shredded mask from 0.75 to 1% increased 28-day compressive strength by 14%. However, the compressive strength of the mask fiber decreased by 8 after 1% volume. According to a thermal analysis of 28-day concrete samples, as the fiber percentage increases, the mass loss percentage increases. The mass loss rate for samples containing fibers is higher than that for samples containing shredded mask pieces. In general, based on the results mentioned above, the use of fiber in concrete in its fiber state enhances its strength properties. As a result, using shredded mask pieces in concrete leads to better curing due to the reduction of residual capillary pore water loss in construction materials.
... Another important research front that aims to prevent pollution is the production of environmentally friendly materials with a low environmental impact deriving from their use of natural raw materials [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In fact, in recent years, much study and research has been developed on this aspect, making the eco-sustainability of materials a real need, in search of multifunctional materials that, in addition to their classic functions, are able to reduce pollutants in the environment [25][26][27][28][29]. Environmental protection also includes the recycling of materials [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. The linear economic model, which consists in transforming raw materials into products which, after their use or consumption, are directly eliminated, determines not only an increase in pollution and in the production of waste, but also in the global competition for natural resources [38][39][40][41][42][43]. ...
Eco-sustainability and the reuse of materials are highly topical issues. In fact, in recent years, much study and research has been developed on this aspect, making the eco-sustainability of materials a real need. Polylaminate containers, more commonly called Tetra Pak containers, represent the most used packaging in the world. This work proposes a new strategy for the reuse of discarded polylaminate containers in order to create panels that can be used in construction and in particular as insulating panels. The proposed thermal method has been optimized in terms of operating variables such as time, temperature, pressure, number of polylaminate sheets. The results obtained show that the proposed thermal method is suitable for obtaining panels with characteristics suitable for use in green building. The advantage of the thermal method is that it does not use chemical or other binders and moreover uses only and exclusively sheets of recycled polylaminate.
