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Global warming caused by carbon emissions has been recognized as a challenge to human sustainable development, and low-carbon city development is widely considered as an effective strategy to address this challenge. Numerous emission reduction measures have been implemented, and considerable efforts have been devoted in promoting low-carbon city. T...
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... Conversely, cities with higher industrial dependence or greater energy consumption face greater challenges in pursuing low-carbon development paths [39]. According to Lou et al. [40], the trajectory of urban low-carbon and sustainable development was susceptible to influences from factors such as the industrial sectors and energy consumption. Bridge et al. [41] also revealed that during the implementation of urban lowcarbon transformation, incorporating considerations of regional specificity, spatial disparities, and scale can enhance the credibility of the assessment results. ...
Performance assessment of low carbon cities (LCCs) attracts great interest and attention from academia, industry, and government as an effective measure to promote urban low-carbon development. However, the efforts of LCCs could be misinterpreted without consideration of the fact that cities with different endowments face different challenges and assume different responsibilities, thus it is important that this fact is considered in assessing LCCs’ performance. This study develops the previous study by the research team, “dual perspective diagnosis method for assessing LCC performance”, by introducing a correction factor to take into account the impacts of local endowments and mitigate the ‘one-size-fits-all’ phenomenon when comparing LCC assessments between cities. The empirical case study presented in the paper indicates that the adoption of a correction factor has improved the accuracy of the assessment results by demonstrating actual management efforts in developing LCC performance. It is proposed that applying the correction factor can help to achieve more accurate assessments of the status of low-carbon city practice, based on which more effective low-carbon policies can be designed and implemented towards achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.
... Defining power, industry, transportation, residential and commercial, agricultural, and trash as carbon emission industries, Akimoto et al. (2010) applied the GHG abatement model to evaluate the reduction potential of various industries. Lou et al. (2018) classified carbon emission industries into four: construction, industry, energy conversion, and transportation. Based on the input-output tables of 31 provincial administrative regions and 42 socio-economic sectors in China from 2000 to 2019 provided by China Emission Accounts and Datasets (CEADs), and corresponding carbon emissions to each industry, this paper finally considers that the high carbon emission industries include five industries: ① electricity, heat, gas, and production and supply ② manufacturing ③ transportation, storage and post ④ mining ⑤ construction, and the other industries divide into low-carbon emission industries. ...
... There are many scholars have put forward relevant policy suggestions. First, promote the construction and innovation of the carbon trading market, formulate more flexible and efficient policies, and attract more enterprises to participate in the carbon trading market [55]. Second, increase investment in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology research and development, and improve public awareness of CCS by formulating relevant laws and regulations [56]. ...
... Urbanization is one of the major social changes all over the world [1], which refers to the process of population gathering in urban areas or rural areas into urban areas. The fast speed of urbanization has caused a range of problems, such as global warming [2], construction and demolition waste production [3], the reduction in resident population [4][5][6] and exacerbated traffic congestion [7]. Shrinking cities and towns (SCT) are also a problem appearing in the fast urbanization process. ...
The world is undergoing an unprecedented trend of fast urbanization, which causes a range of socio-environmental consequences, one of which is shrinking cities and towns (SCT). SCT refer to the cities or towns that are experiencing population decline and economic downturn. In the existing literature, there have been numerous studies on SCT; however, there is a lack of study which investigates its knowledge domains. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a scientometric analysis to achieve an outline of the SCT research status. Through the procedures of literature search and screening, a total of 716 SCT-related studies were extracted from the Scopus. The VOSviewer software system program was then utilized to visualize the present SCT-related studies. The visualization results revealed that the journal of Sustainability made significant contributions to the SCT research in terms of relevant publications. In addition, Haase, Annegret received the most co-citations, and was also the most productive author in this field. Furthermore, it was identified that current SCT research is mainly conducted in developed countries. Through the analysis of keywords, the emerging research topics were revealed. Discussions were further made from the perspectives of prevailing research methods, evaluation criteria, and solutions for SCT problems.
... The low-carbon construction of the city needs to integrate the low-carbon concept into the current urban planning system, formulate a low-carbon target system, and implement it into specific special construction (Sizirici et al., 2021). At present, the research on low-carbon urban planning mainly focuses on the target strategy at the macro level and the energy utilization and building energy conservation and emission reduction technology at the micro level, without considering the actual operation (Lou et al., 2018). ...
... The regulatory detailed planning of low-carbon cities requires the integration of low-carbon concept and effective guidance through planning management on the basis of traditional control planning technology, so as to realize the transformation of urban construction and development to low-carbon direction. The low-carbon control index system is the core content of its research (Lou et al., 2018). Only through the low-carbon index system can we judge whether the lowcarbon control of urban construction meets the standard. ...
Cities carry out various human production and living activities, consume a lot of carbon energy, become the main source of greenhouse gas emissions, and have an increasing impact on the climate. Therefore, as the main battlefield of carbon emission management, cities have become the focus of low-carbon research. The concept of a “low-carbon city” appears in dealing with global climate change. In order to further study the application of low carbon cities, this research discusses how to achieve the goal of low carbon cities from low carbon communities by introducing the concept of low carbon cities and the planning views of experts and scholars on low carbon cities, and based on the theoretical research and practical experience of low carbon cities. In the course of the study, Qianhai Cooperation Zone and Bao’an Central District in Shenzhen are introduced as case studies to analyze the practical application of low-carbon city construction. Through this study, we found that the purpose of low-carbon cities is to provide physical space for resource savings, low waste emissions, high operating efficiency, green and sustainable urban activities. For the completely dispersed urban structure in some regions of China, the polycentric network structure is a favorable urban structure for these regions to achieve low carbon and efficient development. The polycentric network cities have high urban density and activity intensity, so corresponding low-carbon strategies can be effectively implemented according to different functional positioning, density and activity density. On the other hand, in order to achieve efficient and low-carbon urban development, the community should be the basic unit. Only when low carbon is realized in the community can the basic low carbon of urban life be guaranteed and the low carbon of the whole city be realized.
... In terms of research methods, a range of methods such as comparative analysis (Zhan and de Jong, 2018), cluster analysis (Schanes et al., 2019), scenario analysis (Hu et al., 2011), modeling methods (Tan et al., 2017;Zhao et al., 2017;Lou et al., 2018), and evaluation methods are frequently used in research into the low-carbon economy. With the deepening understanding of scientific development management, the coupling coordination model has become an effective evaluation and research tool for studying the overall balanced development degree of the region. ...
In order to achieve sustainable development, low-carbon economic efficiency (LCEE) is particularly important in China. Therefore, this study uses SBM-DEA model to evaluate the LCEE of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2017. Based on the uncoordinated coupling model, this study discusses the interaction between China’s provincial LCEE and scientific and technological development level (STDL), and uses the panel VAR model to consider the interactive response relationship between China’s provincial LCEE and STDL. The research shows that the uncoordinated coupling degree (UCCD) between the STDL and LCEE in 30 provinces showed a decreasing trend as a whole during the research period. In terms of spatial distribution, the provinces with UCCD less than 0.5 mainly concentrated in the eastern and southern provinces, gradually spread to the north, and showed positive spatial autocorrelation, with significant spatial accumulation effect. From the perspective of influencing factors, patents, urbanization level, traffic level and financial development have significant positive effects on promoting the coordinated development of STDL and LCEE. From the relationship between them, the STDL has a positive promoting effect on LCEE, but the mechanism of the two is not obvious enough. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the coordinated development of low-carbon economy and science and technology, and promote the development of low-carbon economy through scientific innovation.
... However, unlike the traditional "top-down" target responsible system, the LCC pilot policy adopted a "bottom-up" management system, allowing local governments to formulate plans following the principle of autonomy and have more execution rights (Chen and Zhu, 2013;Wang et al., 2015). Some studies explore how to truly implement a combination of relevant strategies for LCC development in different industries and sectors (Lou et al., 2018;. Low-carbon cognition also influences LCC construction by affecting residents' energy use, travel, and consumption patterns through the built environment (Zhang et al., 2020). ...
This study estimates the effect of low-carbon city (LCC) pilot policies on carbon emission efficiency (CO2E) measured by Slacks-based measure (SBM) on panel data of 208 cities from 2003-2016 through the Difference in differences (DID) model with propensity score matching (PSM) method. The results show that the overall LCC pilot policy can significantly improve the CO2E of the pilots by 6.6%, and the policy effect of the second batch pilots is significant while that of the first batch is insignificant. In addition, the LCC pilot policy has great regional heterogeneity. The policy effects of first and second-tier cities, municipalities, and provincial capital cities are negative, while those of third-tier cities and below are positive. The LCC pilot policy benefits CO2E in eastern, northeastern, and central China while slightly hindering CO2E in western China. The LCC policy has a better carbon efficiency improvement effect in resource-based cities, especially in maturing cities. In conclusion, the LCC policies have achieved certain results and should be implemented continuously. However, each city should formulate suitable low-carbon plans based on its own economic, political, geographic, and resource characteristics and establish a target accountability system for controlling greenhouse gas emissions.
... By 2009, more than 100 countries had adopted common global warming limits as a guiding principle for reducing the risk, impact, and damages of climate change. A considerable increase in carbon emissions worldwide is a crucial driver of global warming and ecological damage (Bai et al., 2020;Kabir et al., 2021), and low-carbon practice appears to offer an optimal strategy to control global warming (Lou et al., 2018). Countries are vigorously exploring approaches for achieving global carbon reduction targets (He et al., 2021). ...
This study investigates the mechanism of a financial spatial structure and economic agglomeration on carbon emission intensity by combining a reconstructed financial spatial structure indicator that integrates spatiality, industrial affiliation, and competition with a theoretical model of financial spatial structure and economic agglomeration impacts on carbon emission intensity under increasing returns to scale assumption. We employ a dynamic spatial Durbin panel model with data from provinces in China during 2005–2017 to validate the theoretical mechanism. The results indicate that both short- and long-term financial spatial structures can mitigate carbon emission intensity, thereby demonstrating spatial and temporal lock-in effects. However, economic agglomeration and energy intensity promote carbon emission intensity with only temporal lock-in effects. Moreover, the financial spatial structure tends to have a smaller but more far-ranging, long-term impact. The analysis implies that promoting financial spatial restructuring through strategic credit allocation, industrial linkage, and competition and mitigating economic agglomeration are crucial to expedite the process of “carbon peak and neutrality.”
... Along with these, the other most common contributor in this regard is CO 2 (carbon dioxide) gas, which results from the burning of fossil fuels and the efforts to reduce the emission of CFC's and CO 2 have been taken up by the global community at all levels as the CO 2 is considered as major cause global warming (Y. Lou et al., 2018;Qin et al., 2018;Zhang et al., 2020). ...
Our study mainly focuses on the major challenge faced by organizations while controlling the emission of greenhouse gases via the carbon management system (CMS), keeping in view the complexity of climate change, which is considered as one of the major challenges of present times. We narrow our focus to the factors related to the emission of carbon within this system. We assess the quality of the CMS using the guidelines provided by Tang and Luo (2014), Australian Accounting Review, 24(1), 84-98. The data for this research include the carbon emission-based data of the multinational companies, which disclose their carbon footprint. Based upon the empirical findings, we came to understand that the law of material balances prevails as carbon emission has a negative co-relationship between the carbon emissions and CMS, meanwhile the effects are not eminent. The adverse impact of such emissions has become obvious within 2 years. The quality of the CMS is determined by Target, Project, GHG (greenhouse gases) accounting, and disclosure. Our study has important policy implications for researchers, policymakers, and accounting companies because the role of the CMS is becoming integral. K E Y W O R D S accounting, carbon emission, carbon management system, coastal areas, intensity
... For instance, Japan and the UK worked together in 2005 to showcase existing low-carbon cities as examples to promote low-carbon transition (Skea and Nishioka, 2008). Moreover, cities in the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group have served as good examples of ambitious climate change mitigation, using knowledge sharing and capacity building to support low-carbon cooperation with other cities and prompt changes in governance (Gouldson et al., 2015;Lou et al., 2018). Socioecological Urban Networks (SEUNs) in Europe have also proven effective for enhancing the sustainability of lagging cities through learning from frontrunners (Mocca, 2017). ...
A well-developed economy and low-carbon emission intensity are important characteristics of low-carbon cities; they also represent important tasks for achieving global climate change mitigation goals. It is seldom discussed, however, how we should identify frontrunner cities from which low-carbon development experiences can be gleaned and then implemented in neighboring cities. This study, therefore, proposed a simple indicator-the "good neighbor index"-to identify frontrunner cities in low-carbon transformation based on economic and emission performance. Based on this indicator, we identified "good neighbors" in static and dynamic views for China. The results showed that the static good neighbors in 2015 were mostly large cities with higher incomes and better industrial structures whereas the dynamic neighbors achieved better economic growth and emission reductions from 2005 to 2015, though their economic and emissions statuses were generally worse. The good neighbor list is not consistent with the list of national low-carbon pilot cities, which has largely overlooked the experiences of some fast-growing cities. These results have policy implications for the Chinese government in terms of promoting the low-carbon transformation of cities. The study can also provide a reference for other countries in addressing climate change at the city level.
