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Chronic renal failure is an important health care problem throughout the world. This article
updates, in detail the present knowledge of the oral and dental aspects of chronic renal failure (CRF). Oral health
care providers routinely come across these patients in their dental practice .CRF can give rise to a wide variety of
oral manifestations, aff...
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Context 1
... represents a clinical state in which there has been an irreversible loss of endogenous renal function, of a degree sufficient to render the patient enduringly dependent upon renal replacement therapy either dialysis or transplantation, in order to avoid uremia. Uremia is a clinical and laboratory syndrome, reflecting dysfunction of all organ systems because of untreated or under treated acute or CRF. 1 CRF is defined as a progressive decline inrenal function associated with a reduced glomerular filtration rate(GFR), as measured clinically by the creatinine clearance rate(CC)( Table 1).Themost common causes are diabetes mellitus, glomerulonephritis, andchronic hypertension. In older individuals, the most commonlydiagnosed causes of CRF are renovascular disease and diabetesmellitus, although other causes include polycystic kidney diseaseand pyelonephritis.The multiple signs and symptoms of uremia result from retention of a number of metabolic products. ...
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