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Biologically active compounds with different modes of action, such as, antiproliferative, antioxidant, antimicrotubule, have been isolated from marine sources, specifically algae and cyanobacteria. Recently research has been focused on peptides from marine animal sources, since they have been found as secondary metabolites from sponges, ascidians,...
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... is one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. Cell division is a physiological process that occurs in tissues. Balance between proliferation and programmed cell death is maintained under normal circumstances, usually in the form of apoptosis, by tightly regulating both processes. Certain mutations in DNA lead to cancer by disrupting the programming regulating processes. Carcinogenesis is a process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells (Figure 1). It is characterized by a progression of changes at both, cellular and genetic level, that reprogram a cell to undergo uncontrolled division, thus forming a malignant mass (tumor) that can spread to distant locations [1]. Dietary compounds have been isolated and identified in order to contribute to both, good health maintenance and prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer. There has been increased focus on bioactive peptides, which have been defined as "food derived components (naturally occurring or enzymatically generated) that, in addition to their nutritional value exert a physiological effect in the body" ...
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Depsipeptides are a group of biologically active peptides that have at least one of the amide bonds replaced by an ester bond. These peptides sometimes present additional chemical modifications, including unusual amino acid residues in their structures. Depsipeptides are known to exhibit a large array of bioactivities, such as anticancer, antiproli...
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... Proteomic characterization is an important strategy for detecting proteins with numerous beneficial effects on health (Beaulieu et al. 2015). Well-defined biological properties of proteins include antioxidants (Robinson et al. 2017), antibacterial (Sila et al. 2014, Perumal et al. 2015, antiproliferative (Gue et al. 2006, Burgos-Hernandez 2012 and antihypertensive (Patricia et al. 2016). ...
Mucus, produced by Palythoa caribaeorum has been popularly reported due to healing, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. However, biochemical and pharmacological properties of this mucus remains unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to study its proteome profile by 2DE electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF. Furthermore, it was evaluated the cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of the mucus and from its protein extract (PE). Proteomics study identified14 proteins including proteins involved in the process of tissue regeneration and death of tumor cells. The PE exhibited cell viability below 50% in the MCF-7 and S-180 strains. It showed IC50 of 6.9 μg/mL for the J774 lineage, and also, favored the cellular growth of fibroblasts. Furthermore, PE revealed activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC of 250 μg/mL). These findings revealed the mucus produced by Palythoa caribaeorum with biological activities, offering alternative therapies for the treatment of cancer and as a potential antibacterial agent.
... The application of bioactive peptides is at an early stage of development, and they are yet to be applied widely in the current medications for cancer therapy. However, their many properties have encouraged scientists and clinicians to research their potential efficacy in cancer treatment [49,50]. Bioactive peptides have been shown to be useful in adjuvant therapy to complement the current conventional treatment [16]. ...
We have reviewed the potential use of bioactive peptides in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, which are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Conventional therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, are associated with numerous side effects that may lead to longterm complications. Bioactive peptides are short-chain amino acids that can be extracted from natural sources or synthesized, and they have various potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti- cancer properties. Bioactive peptides can be acquired from animal or plant sources, and can be classified based on their function, such as ACE-inhibiting, antimicrobial, and electrolyte-regulating peptides. Recent studies have demonstrated the promising role of bioactive peptides in tumor suppression, especially when combined with conventional therapies. In this study, we have reviewed the beneficial properties of bioactive peptides and their role in suppressing tumor activity. The mechanisms of bioactive peptides in tumor suppression are discussed. We have further reviewed the findings of preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the application of bioactive peptides in the treatment of GI cancers. This review highlights the potential use of bioactive peptides as a promising treatment method for GI malignancies to increase the quality of life of GI cancer patients.
... Bioactive peptides, which have been described as "food derived components (naturally occurring or enzymatically generated) that, in addition to their nutritional value, exert a physiological effect in the body," have come under more attention (17). (18). ...
The most prevalent health problem in societies around the world is cancer. One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is cancer. According to GLOBOCAN (2012) findings, there were 14.1 million new cancer diagnoses and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths. By 2030, this is anticipated to increase by at least 70%. The category of diseases known as malignancies frequently exhibit uncontrolled cell proliferation and spread. If the metastasis, or spread of cancer cells, which characterizes this stage, is not prevented, death may result. Hereditary mutations, hormones, immunological diseases, radiation, cigarettes, toxins, and infectious organisms are only a few of the internal and external causes of cancer. There are a variety of complicated, poorly understood causes of cancer. Numerous things, including dietary problems, certain illnesses, a lack of exercise, obesity, and environmental toxins, are known to increase the risk of cancer. The goal of nanotechnology, which is the study of materials on atomic and molecular levels and often deals with groups in the nano (10-9) size range, is to develop materials or devices within that framework. The discovery of novel optical, electrical, magnetic, and structural properties in metals, semiconductors, and polymeric particles that are generally inaccessible from individual molecules and bulk materials is the basis for nanotechnology. Cancer nanotechnology has been intensively researched and used in cancer management and treatments due to its potential to dramatically enhance cancer diagnosis, detection, and treatment. Mainly We are interested in studying cancer, its risk factors, and challenges in India using nanotechnology as a therapeutic.
... In recent years, a number of studies have claimed success with various combinations of traditional chemotherapeutic medications, caspase-inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, anti-angiogenic agents, antibiotics, and antioxidant compounds against a variety of malignancies (Mokhtari et al., 2017b). Lately, a large number of studies that cite the cancer-fighting abilities of peptides have been available, showing that the creation of peptide/protein-based anticancer therapies has a significant amount of untapped potential (Suarez-Jimenez et al., 2012;Wang et al., 2017). In this respect, nisin, which is an antimicrobial peptide with positive charge, is produced by Lactococcus lactis and is comprised of 34 amino acids, has been discovered to exhibit anticancer properties in addition to its primary usage as a food preservative. ...
In current scenario skin cancer is a serious condition that has a significant impact on world health. Skin cancer is divided into two categories: melanoma skin cancer (MSC) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Because of its significant psychosocial effects and need for significant investment in new technology and therapies, skin cancer is an illness of global health relevance. From the patient's perspective chemotherapy considered to be the most acceptable form of treatment. However, significant negatives of chemotherapy such as severe toxicities and drug resistance pose serious challenges to the treatment. The field of nanomedicine holds significant promise for enhancing the specificity of targeting neoplastic cells through the facilitation of targeted drug delivery to tumour cells. The integration of multiple therapeutic modalities to selectively address cancer-promoting or cell-maintaining pathways constitutes a fundamental aspect of cancer treatment. The use of mono-therapy remains prevalent in the treatment of various types of cancer, it is widely acknowledged in the academic community that this conventional approach is generally considered to be less efficacious compared to the combination treatment strategy. The employment of combination therapy in cancer treatment has become increasingly widespread due to its ability to produce synergistic anticancer effects, mitigate toxicity associated with drugs, and inhibit multi-drug resistance by means of diverse mechanisms. Nanotechnology based combination therapy represents a promising avenue for the development of efficacious therapies for skin cancer within the context of this endeavour. The objective of this article is to provide a description of distinct challenges for efficient delivery of drugs via skin. This article also provides a summary of the various nanotechnology based combinatorial therapy available for skin cancer with their recent advances. This review also focuses on current status of clinical trials of such therapies.
... These can be divided into steroids, terpenoids, isoprenoids, nonisoprenoids, quinones, brominated compounds, nitrogen heterocyclics, and nitrogen sulphur heterocyclics (Datta et al. 2015). Bioactive low-molecular-weight peptides and depsipeptides, as well as lectins, have also been obtained from marine sources (Suarez-Jimenez et al. 2012). Further studies will be carried out to ascertain the precise bioactive compound responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of whole body extracts of T. fuscatus and P. aurita. ...
Inflammation is the immune system's response to infection and injury. Although it is a natural and beneficial process, it has been implicated in the pathogeneses of arthritis, cancer, neurodegenera-tive, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the alcohol and aqueous extracts of marine gastropods Pachymelania aurita and Tympanotonos fuscatus (syn. Tympanotonus fuscatus) var. radula in peritoneal macrophage cells treated with lipopolysaccharide. Peripheral macrophages were harvested from mice following the injection of foetal calf serum into the peritoneal space. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on the macrophages and the maximum non-toxic dose was determined using the MTT assay. Cells were challenged with lipopolysaccharide and treated with crude extracts of T. fuscatus and P. aurita 24 h later. The antioxidant activity was also evaluated, using the DPPH assay. Both extracts of P. aurita and T. fuscatus exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities in terms of their ability to inhibit the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1 and PGE 2, which are key mediators of the inflammation response. Also, the alcohol extracts proved to be as effective as vitamin C in the free radical scavenging of DPPH. Thus, the extracts from P. aurita and T. fuscatus are useful candidates for further drug studies, especially as drug candidates for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
... Didemnin B has remarkable biological activity, showing strong antiviral effect through the inhibition of the DNA and RNA synthesis; moreover, this peptide was one of the first to enter clinical trials to treat small-cell lung cancer and prostatic cancer [184][185][186]. ...
This review provides a fresh overview of non-canonical amino acids and their applications in the design of peptidomimetics. Non-canonical amino acids appear widely distributed in nature and are known to enhance the stability of specific secondary structures and/or biological function. Contrary to the ubiquitous DNA-encoded amino acids, the structure and function of these residues are not fully understood. Here, results from experimental and molecular modelling approaches are gathered to classify several classes of non-canonical amino acids according to their ability to induce specific secondary structures yielding different biological functions and improved stability. Regarding side-chain modifications, symmetrical and asymmetrical α,α-dialkyl glycines, Cα to Cα cyclized amino acids, proline analogues, β-substituted amino acids, and α,β-dehydro amino acids are some of the non-canonical representatives addressed. Backbone modifications were also examined, especially those that result in retro-inverso peptidomimetics and depsipeptides. All this knowledge has an important application in the field of peptidomimetics, which is in continuous progress and promises to deliver new biologically active molecules and new materials in the near future.
... Some bioactive peptides from aquatic animal sources, such as frogs, toads, fish, ascidians, mollusks, and other organisms have also been identified with potential anticancer activities. 70 For example, some amphibians, such as frogs and toads, can secrete mucus, which contains a wide range of antimicrobial peptides which show cytotoxicity towards human cancer cells. 71 China has a long history of using secretions from amphibians (e.g., frogs and toads) to prepare traditional Chinese medicines for multi-purpose therapeutic applications. ...
Cancer is a serious concern in public health worldwide. Numerous modalities including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have been used for cancer therapies in clinic. Despite progress in anticancer therapies, the usage of these methods for cancer treatment is often related to deleterious side effects and multidrug resistance of conventional anticancer drugs, which have prompted the development of novel therapeutic methods. Anticancer peptides (ACPs), derived from naturally occurring and modified peptides, have received great attention in these years and emerge as novel therapeutic and diagnostic candidates for cancer therapies, because of several advantages over the current treatment modalities. In this review, the classification and properties of ACPs, the mode of action and mechanism of membrane disruption, as well as the natural sources of bioactive peptides with anticancer activities were summarised. Because of their high efficacy for inducing cancer cell death, certain ACPs have been developed to work as drugs and vaccines, evaluated in varied phases of clinical trials. We expect that this summary could facilitate the understanding and design of ACPs with increased specificity and toxicity towards malignant cells and with reduced side effects to normal cells.
... Marine organisms and their bio-waste represent a vast source of bioactive compounds with neuroprotective antioxidant effects, whose use has been suggested as promising in the management of neurodegenerative diseases [14,15]. Among these compounds, carotenoids are the most promising and most studied, due to their potent antioxidant activity that provides the neutralization of oxidative stress [16][17][18][19]. ...
The intranasal route has been suggested as a promising alternative to improve the direct transport of molecules to the brain, avoiding the need to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In this area, the use of lipid nanoparticles, namely solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), has been highlighted as a promising strategy to improve the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, formulations containing SLN and NLC that were loaded with astaxanthin that was obtained from different sources (astaxanthin extract (AE) from the algae Haematococcus pluvialis and pure astaxanthin (PA) from the fungi Blakeslea trispora) were prepared for nose-to-brain administration, and comparative in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the biocompatibility of the formulations with nasal (RPMI 2650) and neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cells. Afterwards, the antioxidant activity of the formulations was evaluated for its potential neuroprotective effects, using different chemical aggressors. Finally, the cellular uptake of the astaxanthin was evaluated for the formulations that showed the greatest neuroprotection of the neuronal cells against chemical-induced damage. On the production day, all the formulations showed a particle size, a high encapsulation efficiency (EE), the presence of nanoparticles with a typical spherical shape, and a polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP) that are suitable for nose-to-brain administration. After three months of storage at room temperature, no significant changes were observed in the characterization parameters, predicting a good long-term stability. Furthermore, these formulations were shown to be safe with concentrations of up to 100 µg/mL in differentiated SH-SY5Y and RPMI 2650 cells. Regarding neuroprotection studies, the PA-loaded SLN and NLC formulations showed an ability to counteract some mechanisms of neurodegeneration, including oxidative stress. Moreover, when compared with the PA-loaded SLN, the PA-loaded NLC showed greater neuroprotective effects against the cytotoxicity induced by aggressors. In contrast, the AE-loaded SLN and NLC formulations showed no significant neuroprotective effects. Although further studies are needed to confirm these neuroprotective effects, the results of this study suggest that the intranasal administration of PA-loaded NLC may be a promising alternative to improve the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
... Bioactive peptides are small proteins with various physiological functions, in particular antioxidant activity. Generally, these peptides contain 2 to 20 amino acid residues and have the ability to scavenge ROS, chelate metal ions, and inhibit lipid peroxidation [2,5,131]. ...
... In particular, collagen, a protein found in the structure of fish skin, bones, and scales, and its partially hydrolyzed form, gelatin, are rich in hydrophobic amino acids, which appear to have a high free radical scavenging capacity. Peptides derived from the gelatin of the skin of marine animals, such as flying squid (Ommastrephes batramii) and tuna (Thunnus spp.), have demonstrated high antioxidant activity, similar to that of the potent natural antioxidant α-tocopherol [2,131]. Collagen has gained great interest in the cosmetic industry, in anti-ageing creams, and in nutritional supplements for bone and cartilage regeneration, vascular and cardiac reconstruction, and skin substitutes [132]. ...
Marine sources contain several bioactive compounds with high therapeutic potential, such as remarkable antioxidant activity that can reduce oxidative stress related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, there has been a growing interest in these natural sources, especially those resulting from the processing of marine organisms (i.e., marine bio-waste), to obtain natural antioxidants as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants in a sustainable approach to promote circularity by recovering and creating value from these bio-wastes. However, despite their expected potential to prevent, delay, or treat neurodegenerative diseases, antioxidant compounds may have difficulty reaching the brain due to the need to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In this regard, alternative delivery systems administered by different routes have been proposed, including intranasal administration of lipid nanoparticles, such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), which have shown promising results. Intranasal administration shows several advantages, including the fact that molecules do not need to cross the BBB to reach the central nervous system (CNS), as they can be transported directly from the nasal cavity to the brain (i.e., nose-to-brain transport). The benefits of using SLN and NLC for intranasal delivery of natural bioactive compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases have shown relevant outcomes through in vitro and in vivo studies. Noteworthy, for bioactive compounds obtained from marine bio-waste, few studies have been reported, showing the open potential of this research area. This review updates the state of the art of using SLN and NLC to transport bioactive compounds from different sources, in particular, those obtained from marine bio-waste, and their potential application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
... Several marine sources were described, including marine-derived bacteria, cyanobacteria, marine sponges, and marine-derived fungi, among others. The potential of marine-derived cyclic peptides 1-91 as anticancer and antimicrobial agents is expected based on previous reviews [145][146][147], which reinforces the marine organisms as a rich source of bioactive compounds for these therapeutic classes. Nobilamide I In this section, the marine-derived cyclopeptides are organized according to the main biological activity. ...
Cyclopeptides are considered as one of the most important classes of compounds derived from marine sources, due to their structural diversity and a myriad of their biological and pharmacological activities. Since marine-derived cyclopeptides consist of different amino acids, many of which are non-proteinogenic, they possess various stereogenic centers. In this respect, the structure elucidation of new molecular scaffolds obtained from natural sources, including marine-derived cyclopeptides, can become a very challenging task. The determination of the absolute configurations of the amino acid residues is accomplished, in most cases, by performing acidic hydrolysis, followed by analyses by liquid chromatography (LC). In a continuation with the authors’ previous publication, and to analyze the current trends, the present review covers recently published works (from January 2018 to November 2022) regarding new cyclopeptides from marine organisms, with a special focus on their biological/pharmacological activities and the absolute stereochemical assignment of the amino acid residues. Ninety-one unreported marine-derived cyclopeptides were identified during this period, most of which displayed anticancer or antimicrobial activities. Marfey’s method, which involves LC, was found to be the most frequently used for this purpose.
