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SEM images of dorsal pronotum, showing the main characters present on this structure. 6a-b. F. franciscoi; 6c. F. sonia. PLS: notopleural suture; PLF: Lateral fossa; ML: Middle lobe of posterior lobe; MP: Rounded middle projection. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223241.g006
Source publication
The genus Franciscobasis Machado & Bedê, 2016 is endemic to the Serra da Canastra
National Park in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Two species of Franciscobasis were described
simultaneously with the genus description: F. franciscoi and F. sonia, the latter described
only from females. Through morphological and molecular analysis, we investigated if F....
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... SEM images allowed us to notice some additional structures, unrecognizable in optical microscopy photos. The prothorax is mainly characterized by two lateral fossae (PLF) between anterior and medial lobe, an identical notopleural suture (PLS), two lateral lobes slightly curved upwards and one middle lobe (ML) bent caudad, with a small rounded projection (MP) above its middle portion (Fig 6A-6C). ...
Context 2
... SEM images allowed us to notice some additional structures, unrecognizable in optical microscopy photos. The prothorax is mainly characterized by two lateral fossae (PLF) between anterior and medial lobe, an identical notopleural suture (PLS), two lateral lobes slightly curved upwards and one middle lobe (ML) bent caudad, with a small rounded projection (MP) above its middle portion (Fig 6A-6C). ...
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Records of Odonata collected in Gunong Mulu National Park in Sarawak are presented. Between 2005 and 2019, in 12 surveys that lasted between one week and five months, 163 species were collected. The collections from Gunong Mulu National Park are of importance for the taxonomic study of dragonflies and damselflies in Borneo; several species have bee...
Citations
... Condition-dependent coloration in butterflies is influenced by environmental and physiological factors, causing variations in hue, saturation, and brightness. Polymorphism and polyphenism exist within dragonfly populations, leading to variations in coloration owing to genetic and age differences (Almeida et al. 2018, Vilela et al. 2019). ...
Colour lightness has received considerable attention owing to its diverse functional aspects, such as in thermoregulation, pathogen resistance, and photoprotection. However, the theoretical basis underlying the function of colour lightness is closely related to melanin pigments. Therefore, here we discuss that neglecting other colour-producing mechanisms may bias interpretation of the results. In general, colour lightness is indiscriminately employed as a measure of melanization. Nevertheless, animals may exhibit colours that derive from several pigmentary and structural mechanisms other than melanin. Our primary argument is that colour lightness should not be used indiscriminately before knowing the colour-producing mechanism and validating correlated physiological parameters. For instance, the use of colour lightness as a proxy for thermal or photoprotection function must be validated for pterins, ommochromes, and structural colours.
... Taxonomic identification of complex taxa based on only morphological characters is difficult or may lead to the incorrect identification of unknown organisms at the species level because external morphological characters of organisms may alter due to geographical and seasonal variations (Pimenta et al. 2019;Vilela et al. 2019). Cryptic species, which are genetically divergent but exhibit morphological similarity, pose a taxonomic challenge to biodiversity and conservation analysis (Bickford et al. 2007). ...
... Bergmann et al. (2013) suggested that a combination of COI and ND1 fragments formed a better identification tool for odonate identification than a single region alone. Analyses of sequences of COI and 16S rRNA genes combined with morphological information do resolve the deep phylogenetic relationships for some odonate groups at various taxonomic levels (Chippindale et al. 1999;Kambhampati and Charlton 1999;Brown et al. 2000;Misof et al. 2000Misof et al. , 2001Artiss et al. 2001;Kiyoshi and Sota 2006;Kjer et al. 2006;Ware et al. 2007;Bybe et al. 2008;Lin et al. 2010;Ballare and Ware 2011;Dijkstra et al. 2014;Torres-Pachon et al. 2017;Yeo et al. 2018;Futahashi 2019;Saetung and Boonsoong 2019;Vilela et al. 2019;Walia and Dhillon 2019;Haring et al. 2020;Bukowski et al. 2022). Recently, the number of studies on the mitochondrial COI gene has increased rapidly, but studies based on concatenated gene sequences for damselflies remain quite limited. ...
Odonates are useful biological indicators of environmental health because of their pollution-free habitat requirements and amphibiotic life cycle. Due to habitat destruction by industrial development, there is a need to name these odonates and obtain their genetic data to be used in understanding their evolutionary history for biodiversity conservation. Aciagrion is a poorly known and taxonomically difficult genus of oriental damselflies. Species of this genus cannot be distinguished on the basis of morphological characters alone as they are morphologically similar to the damselflies of other genera (Ischnura and Amphiallagma) and may also be referred to as cryptic species. Here, therefore, molecular studies are carried out to distinguish the species of this genus. The phylogenetic relationships of five species of genus Aciagrion have been explored using molecular (based on concatenated sequences of mitochondrial genes- COI, ND1 and 16S rRNA genes) as well as external morphological characters. Single-linkage cluster analysis of morphological data sets did not explain the relationships appropriately among the species of this genus as outgroup species were also retrieved within ingroup species. Interspecific genetic divergence, conserved, variable, parsimony-informative sites, nucleotide base composition and transition/transversion bias based on concatenated gene sequences have been calculated for these species. It is found that a multigene concatenation approach interprets phylogeny more appropriately than the morphological data alone. Presently, a COI gene fragment sequence for one species (the endemic Aciagrion hisopa), 16S rRNA gene fragments for four species and ND1 gene fragments for five species have been submitted for the first time to GenBank, and phylogenetic relationships based on three genes have also been determined for the first time. Aciagrion migratum is a new record from India.
... Here we describe a new species of Argia with types collected in the Serra da Canastra National Park (SCNP), Minas Gerais state, a conservation unit known to house several rare and endemic Odonata species (Machado & Bedê 2016;Vilela et al. 2019aVilela et al. , 2019b. ...
... comm.). Within the verdant domain surrounding the tributaries of the São Francisco River, located in the SCNP, we have not only discovered this novel species, but in the preceding septennial period, numerous new species have been described (Machado & Bedê 2016;Vilela et al. 2019a), exemplifying the immense importance of the conservation of this park. Further collections in Minas Gerais and neighboring states could help find more populations of this species and allow for an assessment of its current conservation status. ...
Argia koroivarum sp. nov. (BRAZIL, Minas Gerais state, São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional Serra da Canastra, 9.iv.2019, (-20.2323, -46.6084, 1306m asl), D.S. Vilela, R. Guillermo, R. Koroiva leg., Laboratory of Ecological Studies on Ethology and Evolution (LESTES), Uberaba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil) is described, illustrated, and diagnosed based on specimens collected in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed from its congeners by the morphology of male ligula, dorsal branch of paraproct, and of female mesostigmal lobes.
... In insects, the color may change between newly emerged individuals and those that have their final color [108]. This phenomenon can have taxonomic implications, since it can create confusion when the color pattern is used as one of the criteria for delimitation of species [108]. ...
... In insects, the color may change between newly emerged individuals and those that have their final color [108]. This phenomenon can have taxonomic implications, since it can create confusion when the color pattern is used as one of the criteria for delimitation of species [108]. In Plecoptera, this subject has not received the necessary attention; however, ontogenetic polymorphisms associated with adult color have been suggested for some Brazilian species (e.g. ...
The study of complementary sources of biological variation (e.g. morphological, molecular) has allowed a better understanding of biodiversity through the construction of an integrative taxonomy. Using this approach, specimens from the Paranapiacaba Mountains, southeastern Brazil, were studied to update the knowledge on the stonefly family Perlidae from the region, characterize the species, and make associations between nymphs and adults using a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The study also discusses the implications of integrative taxonomy and teneral specimens for the study of South American Perlidae. The molecular data were analyzed using Bayesian inference, Neighbor-joining, and delimiting species methods. Our results revealed that, in general, there was a morphological and molecular congruence between species. In the Paranapiacaba Mountains, three genera and 15 species were recorded: Anacroneuria boraceiensis Froehlich 2004, A . debilis (Pictet 1841) (new record), A . fiorentini De Ribeiro and Froehlich 2007 (new record), A . flintorum Froehlich 2002, A . iporanga Bispo and Froehlich 2004, A . itajaimirim Bispo and Froehlich 2004, A . polita (Burmeister 1913), A . subcostalis Klapálek 1921, A . tupi Bispo and Froehlich 2004 (with a description of the nymph), Kempnyia auberti Froehlich 1996, K . colossica (Navás 1934), K . flava Klapálek 1916, K . neotropica (Jacobson and Bianchi 1905) (including its new junior synonym K . petersorum Froehlich 1996), K empnyia sp., and Macrogynoplax veneranda Froehlich 1984. COI sequences were obtained for 11 species, five of which had nymphs associated with adults. Among the five associated nymphs, the nymph of A . tupi is described here. The results of this study indicate that the color of adult teneral specimens differs from that of mature specimens. Given this, the synonym of K . neotropica and K . petersorum was proposed since these species have high morphological and molecular similarities and differ only in color patterns. In addition, the previous record of A . petersi Froehlich 2002 from the Paranapiacaba Mountains was invalidated since it was considered a teneral specimen of A . flintorum . These results suggest that the development of an integrative taxonomy is essential to continue advancing the study of Perlidae diversity in South America.
... Con base en esta experiencia, creemos que la implementación de cursos como este es de gran importancia para aumentar la interacción entre los investigadores en el área y alentar a los nuevos investigadores que están comenzando estudios con Odonata en América Latina. Históricamente, las hembras de Odonata han sido descuidadas en las descripciones taxonómicas con respecto a su caracterización morfológica, lo que nos impide obtener información esencial como, la definición de caracteres de diagnosis confiables que permitan su identificación sin la necesidad de asociación con machos (Garrison et al., 2006;2010;Vilela et al., 2019). ...
Odonates (Insecta: Odonata) are important insects in the food chains of freshwater environments around the world, being used as a model species for areas of behavior and analysis of environmental quality. In Brazil, especially in the Northeastern region, both knowledge about the distribution and molecular information of odonate species found in the two main biomes of the region is still limited. Aiming to improve these issues, here, we carried out an Odonata survey in two locations and built a DNA barcode database for species from the state of Paraíba. In total, 15 first records were reported for this Brazilian state and 142 specimens from 27 genera and 45 species had their ‘Folmer’ cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) fragment evaluated. The database we generated includes data for 70% of the Odonata species found in Paraíba state. For 16 species, this is the first DNA barcode available in public sequence repositories. Our results demonstrate that using the COI in the regional scale can help identify and delimit those evaluated. Eight species (17%) showed a low percentage of differentiation (<2%) compared to other species currently deposited in the GenBank or BOLD System; nevertheless, we present morphological traits that reaffirm our identifications. Barcode data provide new insights into Neotropical diversity and deliver basic information for taxonomic analyses.
Female mimicry by males is a widespread phenomenon in several taxa and may be involved in aggression avoidance or facilitated access to resources. In early developmental stages, female mimicry may be a mechanism involved in signalling sexual immaturity or, when coupled with strategies related to visual camouflage, may be involved in the avoidance of male-male agonistic interactions. Here, we addressed whether the delayed colour maturation of a sexual ornament in males of Mnesarete pudica damselflies might be a case of crypsis, female mimicry or both. We analysed how conspecifics and predators perceive the pigmented wings of juvenile males by contrasting the wing spectra against a savannah background and the wings of both juvenile and sexually mature males and females. Our results based on the modelled visual system of conspecifics and predators suggest that the colour maturation of juvenile males may function as both crypsis and female mimicry. We discuss whether these results related to age-and sexual-dichromatism might be a mechanism to avoid unwanted intraspecific interactions or to avoid territorial and aggressive males. We conclude that the female mimicry and crypsis in juvenile males of M. pudica are mechanisms involved in avoidance of predators and unwanted intraspecific interactions, and the signalling of sexual maturity.
