Table 2 - uploaded by Taeim Yi
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Reports of leisure activities or activity categories performed before and/or after stroke for participants
Source publication
To clarify how participation in leisure activities and exercise by chronic stroke survivors differs before and after a stroke.
Sixty chronic stroke survivors receiving community-based rehabilitation services from a health center in Seongnam City were recruited. They completed a questionnaire survey regarding their demographic characteristics and ac...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... percent of the subjects engaged in cultural leisure activities, 91% engaged stay- at-home activities (such as TV viewing), 16% engaged in outdoor activities, and 38% in social activities. Compari- son of the leisure activities before and after stroke deter- mined that the frequencies of drinking-related leisure activities and social or outdoor activities like travel and sports were significantly reduced after stroke ( Table 2). The factors that interrupted participation in current lei- sure activities were examined to determine the causes of the reduced participation in leisure activities. ...
Citations
... Seventeen studies were included (Figure 1), with 13 involving people living with stroke (Amarshi et al., 2006b;Hildebrand et al., 2012;Hong & Yoo, 2019;Norlander et al., 2016Norlander et al., , 2018Norlander et al., , 2022O'Connell et al., 2013;O'Sullivan & Chard, 2010;Schnitzler et al., 2019;Tang et al., 2018;Verberne et al., 2018;Vincent-Onabajo & Blasu, 2016;Yi et al., 2015). Three studies included people living with TBI (Bier et al., 2009;Brown et al., 2003;Wise et al., 2010) and one study included people living with ABI due to trauma, stroke, or other neurological impairment (Fleming et al., 2011). ...
... Scores range 3-15, higher scores indicate higher level of consciousness (Teasdale & Jennett, 1974 2012; Tang et al., 2019;Wise et al., 2010) and one in Australia (Fleming et al., 2011) (See Table 1). Two studies were conducted in Asia (Hong & Yoo, 2019;Yi et al., 2015) and one in Africa (Vincent-Onabajo & Blasu, 2016). ...
... Eight of the studies with people following stroke included predominantly older adults (mean age 65 ≥ years) (Amarshi et al., 2006b;Norlander et al., 2016Norlander et al., , 2018Norlander et al., , 2022Hong & Yoo, 2019;O'Sullivan & Chard, 2010;Verberne et al., 2018;Yi et al., 2015). Participants with TBI were younger, with mean ages between 35.5 years and 42.3 years (Bier et al., 2009;Brown et al., 2003;Fleming et al., 2011;Wise et al., 2010). ...
Return to previously valued occupations is a common goal of individuals following acquired brain injury (ABI). However, the focus of rehabilitation is often on self-care and productivity occupations. Return to leisure should be a priority of rehabilitation to support a person’s physical, cognitive, social, and emotional well-being. Consequently, the aim of this article was to review the research evidence on engagement in leisure occupations among community-dwelling adults living with ABI. A six-step scoping review was conducted searching five databases. Articles were included if they focused on leisure engagement post-stroke or traumatic brain injury. Seventeen studies were included. Leisure engagement decreased post-ABI with engagement primarily in solitary, sedentary, cognitively inactive, home-based leisure. Leisure engagement was impacted by personal and contextual factors. The findings identify a need to focus on and address changes to leisure following ABI, with exploration of why these changes have occurred beyond personal factors.
... These results agree with the literature. Based on the results of Im Yi, weakness and poor balance, lack of transportation, and expenses were the most significant impediments to participation in leisure activities [61]. ...
Background: Stroke is considered a common and major problem in the field of healthcare because of its high prevalence and long-term disabilities. The main aim of rehabilitation is to increase the participation of stroke patients in different areas of life. The current study purposed to review the factors influencing the participation of Iranian stroke patients in life areas. Methods: Databases including ISI-Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using keywords such as occupational therapy, participation, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), work, play, leisure, education, social participation, sleep, and rest in combination with Iranian stroke patients and CVA. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale. All papers reviewed in this study concerned factors influencing the participation of Iranian stroke patients and were published from 2000-2020. Results: In total, 178 articles were identified as eligible for an Iranian stroke study. Of these, 104 articles were discarded, and an additional 38 were removed because of repetition and duplication. After careful evaluation of the papers, 34 were selected for final analysis. Most of the included studies concerned the ADL area of participation (N=32), and the lowest number of articles were in the areas of play (N=1), sleep/rest (N=2), and health management (N=3). Conclusion: In Iran, researchers have not paid enough attention to the participation of stroke patients in areas of life. Most studies focus mainly on patient’s performance components, such as sensory and motor skills. 2022
... The Ox-PAQ-C routine activities and social engagement subscales significantly discriminated between people with stroke and healthy people. Impairments in physical ability after a stroke lead to difficulties in the activities of daily living and participation in social activities [35]. However, the emotional well-being score showed no significant difference between the two groups. ...
The Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire was developed for generic use in the assessment of participation and activity levels. However, it is not available in Chinese and has not been tested in the stroke population. The Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire was translated into Chinese and culturally adapted. Its psychometric properties were examined in 100 people with stroke. The participation and activity levels of people with stroke and healthy people were also compared. Content validity and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.86–0.91) were excellent. The test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91–0.94) was also satisfactory. The standard error of the measurement was 4.10–5.31, and the minimal detectable change was 11.37–14.71. Convergent and divergent validity were supported by hypothesis testing. The instrument had a five-factor structure without a ceiling effect. Its routine activity and social engagement scores discriminated people with stroke from healthy people. In conclusion, the Chinese version of the Oxford Participation and Activities Questionnaire is reliable and valid for assessing participation and activity levels in the stroke population.
... This is one of the areas which are mostly neglected during intervention by occupational therapists. However, engaging in leisure and recreational activities is of importance since it improves physical health, enhances mental wellness, social interaction with others and it enables the stroke survivors to engage in activities which are meaningful in their lives [65]. In a study done on coping with the challenges of recovering from stroke, participants reported the importance of recreational activities and the great distress which was associated with the loss of hobbies and activities that had previously been a source of pleasure and achievement [62]. ...
The long-term complications of stroke interfere with function, and the level of disability varies based on the type of stroke, location, and the extent of damage. Rehabilitation services are important in the recovery of stroke patients, but not all survivors have access to the services especially in low resourced settings where accessibility and economic challenges are the major barriers. Inadequate fulfilment of stroke survivors’ rehabilitation needs contribute to poor functional outcomes and slow recovery. The objectives of this chapter is therefore to give an overview of stroke and stroke rehabilitation with specific emphasis on occupational therapy, discuss the activities and areas of participation considered important by stroke patients, stroke patients’ needs and perceived fulfilment of these needs in order to provide targeted interventions. Data to inform the chapter is based on research done in a low resource setting. The perceived important activities and participation areas, and the needs of stroke patients are discussed in light of literature on the subject and findings from the studies done in Zimbabwe.
... In addition to sociodemographic and housing characteristics information, the questionnaire collected information on home training conditions and the performance of coping activities during confinement. These measures of training conditions and coping activities were based on previous studies which examined the relationship between physical exercise, leisure activities, and psychological well-being (Im Yi et al., 2015;García-Castilla et al., 2018). Behavior or motivational problems and stressing thoughts were tested in the questionnaire with some ítems adapted from the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport; Gonzalez-Boto et al., 2008), and adding questions about eating and sleeping pattenrs. ...
The Coronavirus Covid 19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has produced terrible effects in the world economy and is shaking social and political stability around the world. The world of sport has obviously been severely affected by the pandemic, as authorities progressively canceled all level of competitions, including the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. In Spain, the initial government-lockdown closed the Sports High-performance Centers, and many other sports facilities. In order to support athlete's health and performance at crises like these, an online questionnaire named RECOVID-19, was designed to assess how athletes were living their lives during such periods of home confinement. The main purpose of the questionnaire was to assess the impact of prolongued confinement on athlete's psychological, emotional, and behavioral performance. One thousand, two hundred forty-eight athletes participated in the survey. They had the fllowing characteristics: (Mean age = 22.31 ± 11.49, Female: 53%), who compete at National (N: 1017, Mean age = 21.58 ± 11.42, Female: 52%) and International level (N: 231, Mean age = 25.56 ± 11.22, Female: 57%). Results showed that during the confinement period, those athletes who lacked motivation reported a higher level of stressful thoughts, more behavioral problems, and greater emotional upheaval (anger, fatigue, tension, and depression). However, those athletes who accepted confinement measures as necessary, and were in favor of respecting the rules of social isolation, fostered positive emotional states such as feelings of friendship. In addition, the availability of some sport equipment together with the ability to continue some training, were (1) protective factors against emotional stress, lack of motivation and behavioral problems; and (2) they were associated with greater respect for, and adherence to, confinement rules. Gender differences, tested by multigroup analysis, revealed that coping activities were more often associated to negative emotional states among women, whereas the ongoing availability of training information and future conditions were equally protective factors for both genders. This study also showed that receiving coaching, support and completing frequent training routines seem to be valuable tools to prevent or reduce some of the harmful effects of isolation on athlete's emotional well-being. The conclusions derived from this research would possibly help sport authorities to design supporting policies and plans to support athletes and trainers in future disruptive health crises.
... This is a timeframe in which most survivors of stroke are no longer exposed to formal rehabilitation and are reintegrating into the community (Hall et al., 2016;Hebert et al., 2016). Community reintegration is recognised as a complex and crucial element of stroke rehabilitation (Bhogal et al., 2003); yet despite the nearly 20 years that have passed since the publication of this seminal text, there remains an apparent deficiency in community-based services and many individuals continue to report dissatisfaction with returning to their previous activities, exercise and community engagement following stroke (Clarke & Forster, 2015;Walsh et al., 2015;Yi et al., 2015). This may further suggest an increased responsibility for people living with the effects of stroke to take up exercise on their own for continued recovery in community living. ...
The objective of this research was to understand the process of commitment to exercise participation for functional recovery among community-living survivors of stroke following discharge from formal rehabilitation. Participants were recruited from a mid-sized city in south-western Ontario, Canada. Between September 2017 and March 2018, 10 individuals living in the community with the effects of stroke, who continued to engage in regular exercise post-stroke, were recruited for participation. Constructivist grounded theory methodology was employed, utilising in-depth individual interviews and theoretical sampling, whereby data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously. Analysis involved constant comparison between data and codes to reduce knowledge gaps and formulate the proposed theory. The process of commitment to exercise involved four phases. Initiation of the process followed a significant interaction with a healthcare provider who advocated for participants to learn the foundations of exercise. Through planned exercise, maintenance of a positive attitude and comparisons with their pre-stroke selves and peers, participants identified future goals and imparted the desire to get back to life before stroke. Over time individuals navigated exercise opportunities—trialling different types and environments—to learn what works. Finally, participants developed a commitment to exercise as a way of life, supported by social connections and reinforced with pride in successes—mastering self-care skills, improved mobility and meaningful function. The process of commitment to exercise among survivors of stroke required early interactions with healthcare providers to initiate exercise participation for long-term engagement, and navigation through various exercise elements fuelled by a desire to reconnect with their pre-stroke selves.
... Individuals with TBI have been reported to have higher unmet social/recreational needs compared with those without a disability (Brown, Gordon & Spielman 2003). Yi et al. (2015) also reported decreased participation in leisure activity after stroke. According to Mulligan et al. (2012), functional or physiological impairment can make accessing recreational facilities and equipment safely a challenge for persons with NCs. ...
Background: Knowledge of the specific expectations of patients with neurological conditions (NCs) from rehabilitation helps in setting attainable goals. Such expectations may vary from situation to situation. There are no studies investigating rehabilitation expectations amongst individuals with NCs in Nigeria.
Objectives: The aim of our study was to explore the rehabilitation expectations of individuals with NCs.
Method: This convergent mixed-methods study comprised a cross-sectional survey of 105 individuals with NCs and two sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDS) amongst eight individuals with NCs. The modified Needs Assessment Questionnaire was used to assess rehabilitation needs as a proxy for rehabilitation expectations, whilst disability was assessed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Quantitative data were summarised using descriptive statistics and analysed using inferential statistics at p 0.05. Thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative data.
Results: Sixty-one (58.1%) stroke survivors, 33 (31.4%) individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and 11 (10.5%) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) aged 46.48 ± 15.91 were surveyed. The need for social/recreational activity was the most expressed need (100%) amongst the participants. Mobility was reported as an important need constituting a barrier to enjoying life by 93 (88.6%) participants. Individuals with SCI expressed the greatest needs compared with the other two groups. Needs were significantly correlated with severity of disability (p 0.05). Four overarching themes (physical health, financial, healthcare services/rehabilitation and emotional/social) representing major areas of needs emerged from the FGD data.
Conclusion: Individuals with NCs in Nigeria have specified expectations of rehabilitation. Disability was a major driver of these expectations, irrespective of NC subtype.
Clinical implications: Rehabilitation programmes for individuals with NCs should target expressed needs or expectations of each patient cohort and minimise disabilities associated with these conditions.
... Later, a US study including a sample of 156 patients found that only 30.8% of the population returned to driving 6 months after stroke, and this reduced activity was significantly predicted by cognitive ability and motricity of lower extremities [25]. Finally, in 60 chronic stroke survivors, Korean researchers estimated that most had not returned to their pre-stroke level of leisure activity participation and that the mean number of activities had decreased from 3.9 to 1.9 [26]. The authors further showed that the most frequent barriers to participation in leisure activities were weakness and poor balance, lack of transportation, and cost. ...
Background:
Stroke is a common and debilitating neurological disorder having a negative impact on quality of life.
Objectives:
We aimed to compare differences in participation in work and leisure activities between patients with and without a self-reported stroke at the national level in France.
Methods:
This study used cross-sectional data from the Disability Health Survey that was administered in people's homes (DHH) in 2008 and in institutions (DHI) in 2009. Stroke history and levels of participation in work and leisure activities were collected by interviews. The levels of participation in these activities were compared between participants with and without a history of stroke.
Results:
Among the 33,785 interviewed participants, 1725 reported a history of stroke. After weighting, this represented a mean (SD) of 766,641 (36,650) people among 49 million adults living in France. After adjustment, as compared with people without stroke, those with stroke were less likely to work (odds ratio 0.19 [95% confidence interval 0.13-0.27]), use the telephone (0.21 [0.17-0.25]) and drive (0.25 [0.21-0.32]). In the age group 19-59 years, as compared with people without stroke, those with stroke less frequently worked (35.9% vs. 72.2%), drove (54.3% vs. 81.3%) and participated in sports (26.6% vs. 55.8%).
Conclusions:
Overall, our study indicates that people with a history of stroke report more difficulties in participating in work and leisure activities than those without a history of stroke.
... Previous studies conducted in other countries suggest that there may be global differences in environmental barriers to participation following stroke. While social, attitudinal, and physical barriers were commonly identified as key barriers to integration in Rwanda, 14 personal and stroke-related factors such as physical function, cognitive or communication impairment, or emotional changes were reported to influence leisure engagement in Korea, 15 and accessibility, social support, and institutional and governmental policies were barriers to participation in leisure activities in Australia 16 and the United States. 17 To our knowledge, there have been no previous studies examining the associations between environmental barriers and leisure participation after stroke in the Canadian context. ...
Objective::
To characterize environmental barriers to leisure participation among individuals living with stroke; examine relationships between environmental barriers and leisure interest and satisfaction; and investigate participant factors associated with the perception of environmental barriers.
Design::
Survey.
Setting::
Community.
Participants::
Convenience sample of 51 community-dwelling adults less than six months post stroke.
Interventions::
Not applicable.
Main outcome measure(s)::
Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors-Short Form.
Results::
Physical and structural environmental barriers were reported as the most frequent and large barrier to leisure participation ( n = 26 (51%) rated as "monthly or more," n = 12 (24%) rated as "big problem"). While attitude and support and policy barriers were not as commonly encountered, participants labeled these as "big problem(s)" (attitude and support n = 6 (12%), policy n = 7 (14%)). The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with the frequency in which attitudinal and support (rho = 0.50, P < 0.001), physical and structural (rho = 0.46, P < 0.001), and service and assistance (rho = 0.28, P = 0.04) barriers were reported, as well as magnitude of attitude and support barriers (rho = 0.48, P < 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, depressive symptoms and walking capacity explained 21% of the variance of the frequency of attitude and support barriers ( P = 0.004), where depressive symptoms was an independent correlate ( P = 0.004). No other factors were associated with environmental barriers to leisure participation.
Conclusion::
Individuals with stroke report frequent and large physical and structural environmental barriers to leisure participation, which may be associated with the presence of depressive symptoms.
... By considering these restricted factors, therapeutic interventions must be provided to enable improvements in actual occupational performance settings [2,3]. Previous studies have described the determining factors of participation after stroke [4][5][6][7]. They have suggested that significant determining factors seem to include the functional/physical ability, dependency in activities of daily living (ADL), and the severity of the stroke, as well as age, sex, and the onset of depression [2,4,6]. ...
