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Full digital connectivity of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices demands several requirements including high-speed networks and a large number of IP addresses. The long term evolution (LTE) and very high throughput (VHT) 802.11ac networks are among the alternatives that can fulfill the speed requirements. To provide a large number of IP addresses,...
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... means UEs are 800m horizontally far away from the eNodeB. The topology of the simulated network in the form of radio environment map (REM), which is a 2D heat map of the received signal strength for UEs and eNodeB, is presented in Figure 1. In this network, the cell configuration is done as follows. ...
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... the simulation scenarios are carried out and jitter results are obtained to further be compared against the testbed results. The jitter results with regard to 1400 bytes TCP payloads are presented in Figure 10. It can be seen that the LTE testbed results match well with the simulation results, while in the 802.11ac network, there is a slight difference. ...
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... proceed with further testing, we extend the IPv6 performance evaluation by increasing the payload to twice its original size as 2800 bytes. The jitter values measured in the testbed and simulation environments are demonstrated in Figure 11. The analysis reveals the correlation between the jitter value and the size of packets and clearly confirms that increasing the size of packets leads to increasing the jitter values. ...
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... section states the findings with respect to the IPv6 throughput for UDP packets in LTE and 802.11ac networks. The UDP throughput results for the payload size of 1400 bytes are presented in Figure 12. Average performance ...
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... we carry out another set of scenarios to provide additional insight into the performance of IPv6 when 2800 bytes UDP packets (PS=2800B) are transmitted in the LTE and 802.11ac networks. The results are presented in Figure 13. The testbed results show a negative impact of the large packets on the UDP throughput of 802.11ac users so that as the size increases, the throughput decreases. ...
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... larger packets cause more throughput reduction for IPv6 compared to IPv4 while the reduction is higher for UDP than TCP. A comparison between the aggregated throughputs and achievable aggregated throughputs (AAT) is also provided in Figure 14. Average Performance VOLUME XX, 2017 ...
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... scenarios in this section aim to assess the PLR rate of IPv6 experienced by the mobile users in LTE and 802.11ac networks during transmission of UDP packets. The PLR results for 1400 bytes UDP payloads are provided in Figure 15. This graph is quite revealing in several ways. ...
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... answer these questions, further analysis is prepared in accordance with the larger size of packets (PS=2800B). The results are presented in Figure 16. The testbed findings support the notion that while the PLR significantly increases as the packet size increases in both the LTE and 802.11ac testbeds, the impact is higher on IPv6 compared to IPv4. ...
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... this regard, we implement the corresponding testbed and simulation scenarios to measure the delay caused by IPv6 in LTE and 802.11ac networks to compare against IPv4 delay when UDP packets are exchanged between the mobile users. The results for 1400 bytes UDP payloads are presented in Figure 17. Although the testbed and simulation results differ slightly to some extent, they suggest that there is a close association between them. ...
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... we further set out more scenarios with the aim of assessing the importance of IPv6 size of packets. The results on analyzing the delay of UDP packets with a size larger than MTU (PS=2800B) in the presence of IPv6 compared to IPv4 are demonstrated in Figure 18. Once again, the findings confirm that the testbed results are consistent with the simulation results. ...
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... aim is to present the assessment of the performance and effectiveness of IPv6 with UDP packets in terms of jitter in LTE and 802.11ac networks. The results for 1400 bytes UDP payloads are presented in Figure 19. By comparing the testbed and simulation results of the 802.11ac network, no evidence for significant differences between them is found. ...
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The new Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is of great importance mainly with the depletion of the standardInternet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) in most countries. In addition to emerging technologies especially the Internet ofthings, smart grids, smart infrastructure, and smart buildings which requires a large number of Internet Protocol (IP)addresse...
Citations
... IPv6 traffic also varies from region to region, and the majority originates in the US [5], while Google's IPv6 statistics show that in most parts of the world, it remains almost non-existent [6]. The lack of IPv6 diffusion is perhaps even more surprising given that the fundamental reason for the development of IPv6 was the limited address space available in IPv4 [7], and indeed, IPv6 advocates expected that its much larger address space would be the "key factor" that drove its success [5]. ...
IP address is an essential protocol to identify every connected device to the Internet uniquely. IPv6 was developed as a long-term solution to overcome IPv4's shortcomings. However, IPv6 adoption is still very rare. Organizations tend to resistance to adopting and implementing IPv6 on their network. This study aims to develop and test a model of organizational resistance to IPv6, an Internet Protocol (IP) intended to replace IPv4, the widely used incumbent. This exploratory mixed-methods study analyzed interview data from Indonesian organizations, supplemented with insights from prior literature, to identify factors of organizational resistance to IPv6. A subsequent survey of Indonesian organizations was conducted to assess the relationship of each factor with IPv6 resistance. The survey data was then rigorously analyzed using PLS-SEM. While IPv6 is typically portrayed as an essential Internet infrastructure development, Indonesian organizations perceive it as unnecessary and threatening. A Structural Equation Model of IPv6 Resistance was developed and posits that although perceived threat, perceived lack of need, and environmental influences all influence organizational resistance to IPv6, switching costs and satisfaction with current technology have no impact. This study has practical implications for organizations that aim to promote IPv6 diffusion; promotion strategies should address the key factors identified in this study. While prior models of technology resistance have focused on individual-level resistance to technologies promoted from with in the organization, this study focuses on organizational-level resistance to technology promoted by sources external to the organization and hence makes a new theoretical contribution.
... The issue gets even worse with TCP transmissions on the network with all the extra overheads compared to UDP. These results are also confirmed in the MATLAB simulator [43] and experimental testbed [44]. Consequently, based on the results, the connection limit of the LTE network is identified up to 30 to ensure reliable services for the error-sensitive data. ...
... However, when network reliability for optimizing the packet delivery process is important, IPv6 performs better than IPv4 by providing a lower packet loss ratio. The above TCP findings in terms of higher delay and lower loss ratio for IPv6 protocol are also consistent with the experimental testbed results provided in [7,[44][45][46] under different conditions. Now, to examine if IPv6 can meet the performance requirements of time-sensitive applications, we further extend the analysis and implement both IPv6 and IPv4 in dense LTE, HEW-2.4, ...
... Although a 1400B transport payload slightly improves the performance of the end users in the HEW-5 network in terms of the lower loss ratio and delay, the level of improvement is not considerable. These results are also consistent with the experimental testbed results for LTE in [44] and HEW in [42]. The reason that changing the payload size does not influence the performance of the LTE, HEW-2.4, ...
The 802.11ax high-efficiency wireless (HEW) particularly designed for high-density areas. However, dense areas have specific requirements that demand precise deployment strategies by network developers. In dense networks, a large number of users are simultaneously connected to the same channel; hence, the available bandwidth is divided among the users in such a way that joining more users can eventually saturate the network. Furthermore, in dense areas, a large number of closely spaced users are transmitting data at the same time. In such a heavily frequency interfered environment, the wireless link quality extremely degrades, which can practically render the network unavailable. Thereby, it is essential to determine the appropriate deployment options regarding the specific networks’ settings and configurations. Hence, this work proposes a network architecture model to determine the dual-band HEW performance in dense deployments. The model additionally includes long-term evolution (LTE) as the cellular alternative for high-density areas which is utilized by the model as the reference point for corresponding comparison purposes with HEW. The model is implemented, and link quality parameters are measured based on different aspects of the deployment options. To further validate the model and determine the optimization levels provided by the options, the simulation and analytical results are compared.
