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Proportion of Donbas and temporarily occupied cities of regional importance in the total volume of industrial production in Ukraine in 2012, in % Source: Обсяг реалізованої... (2012)
Source publication
Geography of conflicts is a promising area of science, especially during the
ongoing territorial and political conflicts (TPC) in Ukraine, which was faced
with serious security threats between 2014 and 2016. Conflicts estimated by the
“Conflict Barometer” (Conflict Barometer 2014: disputes, non-violent crises,
violent crises, limited wars, wars...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... product in 2012 (Обсяг реалізованої... 2012). Powerful industrial enterprises are located in the territory of Donbas. The region manufactures large volumes of production in mining, metallurgical, machine building, food and chemical industries. The share of Donetsk and Luhansk regions in the total volume of industrial production in 2012 was 27% ( fig. 3). The potential of natural resources in the region is characterised by significant reserves of mineral resources that are of great importance on a national scale. First of all, they are the resources of Donetsk coal basin. According to structural and tectonic features, the area of Donbas is divided into thirty coal-bearing regions that ...
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... The political vision of integrating Ukraine with the EU and of limiting the influence of Russia in the Black Sea region forced Moscow into very risky operations. The fears of the Russian minority and Russian-speaking Ukrainians concerning the patriotic turn in Ukraine, including the position of the Russian language and culture, as well as the traditionally strong pro-Russian sympathies of the majority of Crimeans and millions of inhabitants of eastern Ukraine, were the driving factors of such intentions (Bachmann and Lyubashenko, 2014;Slyvka, 2017). ...
... Russia is not seeking to formally annex Donbas, as it did with Crimea, but will continue to fuel the conflict in order to pressure the Ukrainian authorities to abandon their pro-western aspirations and decide to integrate Ukraine with Russia within a Moscow-controlled organisation, such as the Eurasian Union. The refusal to do so will result in a permanent loss of control over the eastern, industrialised and resource-rich part of the country, as well as the progressing political and economic destabilisation of Ukraine (Mitrokhin, 2015;Katchanovski, 2016;Besier and Stokłosa, 2017;Slyvka, 2017;Vitale, 2017). ...
For centuries Central and Eastern Europe has been the scene of frequent changes of borders and numerous ethnic conflicts. Contemporary ethnic diversity of this region is much smaller, however, the growing nationalisms of the various societies, mutual mistrust, and the temptation of politicians to use ethnic issues in the regional geopolitical competition pose a real threat to the stability and peace in Central and Eastern Europe. The dynamic political, legal, social and economic changes which have been taking place in this part of Europe for three decades now, which overlay its clear civilization division into the Latin and the Byzantine parts and are intensified by historical animosities, must have had an impact on the situation and the perception of minorities. In contrast to Western Europe, the contemporary ethnic diversity of Central and Eastern Europe is primary the consequence of various, often centuries-old historical processes (settlement actions, voluntary and forced migrations, border changes, the political and economic expansion of particular countries), and in the ethnic structure especially dominate the indigenous groups, migrants, particularly from the outside of the European cultural circle, are of marginal importance. Moreover, national minorities are usually concentrated in the border regions of countries, often in close proximity to their home countries, becoming – often against their will – element of the internal and foreign policies of neighbouring countries.
The main aims of the article are to explain the threats to peace arising from the attempts to use minorities in inter-state relations and regional geopolitics as well as engaging minority groups into ethnic and political conflicts (autonomy of regions, secession attempts) and still the very large role of history (especially negative, tragic events) in the shaping of contemporary interethnic relations in Central and Eastern Europe.
However, the varied ethnic structure typical for this region does not have to be a conflict factor, on the contrary – it can become a permanent element of the identity and cultural heritage of each country.
Роман Слывка. УЯЗВИМОСТЬ ПОЛУОСТРОВОВ К ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯМ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ КОНФЛИКТОВ Качественные изменения политической карты предусматривают появление и исчезновение зон нестабильности, от-дельное место среди которых занимают полуострова. Цель статьи-проанализировать и отразить уязвимость отдельных полуостровов к проявлениям территориальных претензий, споров и конфликтов. На основе анализа баз данных о территориальных противоречиях и конфликтах современного мира предложено ти-пы полуостровов с точки зрения их расположения на политической карте и международно-правового статуса. Указано, что главной причиной территориально-политических конфликтов по поводу полуостровов есть противоречия по поводу между-народно-правого статуса и правового режима территорий. Наличие у государства полуостровов не является безусловным признаком уязвимости к конфликтам. Территориальные противоречия проявляются при наличии определенных предпосы-лок, к которым относим выгодное политико-географическое положение, политический статус, политико-правовой режим территории, ценные природные ресурсы, а также особую структуру населения, которая обусловливает крепкие историче-ские, этнические и другие связи идентичности с соседними государствами (т.н. перекрестная территориальность). В статье приводятся примеры односторонних и многосторонних претензий к полуостровам. Отмечено, что отдель-ным проявлением односторонних претензий является хозяйственная деятельность на суверенной территории, которая ква-лифицируется соседним государством как нарушающая его интересы. Исследованы международные территориальные спо-ры, в рамках которых обе стороны признают наличие противоречия по поводу суверенитета над полуостровами, и пути их урегулирования. Отдельно рассматривается Антарктический полуостров, как единственный пример многосторонних отло-женных территориальных споров. Осуществлено политико-географическую интерпретацию современного расположения Крымского полуострова. Итак, определен ряд полуостровных регионов современного мира, которые являются объектом территориальных противоречий, и влияние их позиционной уязвимости на генезис конфликтных отношений. Ключевые слова: полуостров, территориально-политический конфликт, территориальные претензии, территориаль-ный спор, спорные территории, вооруженный конфликт.
