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6. Production of Spanish word-initial onset /ɡ/ in post-obstruent context in the phrase las golondrinas 'the swallows' by L2 Nawat learner NL3M1.
Source publication
Nawat, the highly endangered indigenous language of El Salvador, is undergoing a revitalization process. This dissertation, conceived within this context, focuses on the second-language (L2) acquisition of features of Nawat pronunciation by learners who have Salvadoran Spanish as their first language (L1). Specifically, I assess the acquisition of...
Citations
... Characteristics of phrase-final breath include breathy-to-voiceless productions of voiced sounds, including sonorant consonants and vowels. Crucially for our study, these patterns are attested in Mexican Spanish (Avelino 2018;Dabkowski 2018), but phrase-final breath is found across other varieties of Spanish, such as Salvadoran Spanish (Salgado 2023). The characteristics of phrase-final breath have also been documented in Peninsular Spanish since at least Navarro Tomás (1918), who describes partial or near full devoicing in prepausal position of [n] ( §111, p. 86), [l] ( §114, p. 89), a lenited variant of the rhotic in coda position which he calls the 'R fricativa' ( §116, p. 92), as well as [D]; with respect to the latter, he writes ( §104, p. 79): "La d final absoluta, seguida de pausa se pronuncia particularmente debil y relajada [. . . ...
We investigate utterance-final voice quality in bilinguals of English and Spanish, two languages which differ in the type of non-modal voice usually encountered at ends of utterances: American English often has phrase-final creak, whereas in Mexican Spanish, phrase-final voiced sounds are breathy or even devoiced. Twenty-one bilinguals from the San Diego-Tijuana border region were recorded (with electroglottography and audio) reading passages in English and Spanish. Ends of utterances were coded for their visual voice quality as "modal" (having no aspiration noise or voicing irregularity), "breathy" (having aspiration noise), "creaky" (having voicing irregularity), or "breathy-creaky" (having both aspiration noise and voicing irregularity). In utterance-final position, speakers showed more frequent use of both modal and creaky voice when speaking in English, and more frequent use of breathy and breathy-creaky voice when speaking in Spanish. We find no role of language dominance on the rates of these four voice qualities. The electroglottographic and acoustic analyses show that all voice qualities, even utterance-final creak, are produced with increased glottal spreading; the combination of distinct noise measures and amplitude of voicing can distinguish breathy, creaky, and breathy-creaky voice qualities from one another, and from modal voice.
