Table 3 - uploaded by Ogboru Rachel
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Water is a limiting resource, hence there is a need for its judicious use. This study was designed to investigate the utilization and the effects of grey water irrigation on the growth parameters of African spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) and its soil properties when planted in a green house. The irrigation treatment consists of Tap water (TW) and gr...
Context in source publication
Citations
... The results also show that there is a significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference in SD amongst the two water treatments used throughout the monitoring period ( Figure 3). Our results confirm the observations of several authors [39], who recorded a greater diameter in piper irrigated with TGW than those irrigated with raw water and freshwater, contrary to other researchers [40] who found the better growth D in vegetation irrigated with UGW than those of TGW. ...
... The results also show that there is a significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference in amongst the two water treatments used throughout the monitoring period (Figure 3). O results confirm the observations of several authors [39], who recorded a greater diame in piper irrigated with TGW than those irrigated with raw water and freshwater, contra to other researchers [40] who found the better growth D in vegetation irrigated with UG than those of TGW. ...
This study highlighted the potential for greywater reuse in irrigation of olive trees. An experimental field was set up in a household of Soukra, located northwest of Tunis City, to test the performance of vertical greywater treatment. Treated greywater (TGW) was used for the irrigation of two olive tree varieties (Chétoui and Picholine) during five years. The results show high performance of the treatment, as reflected by the good quality of TGW. The chemical and biological parameters of this TGW are under the threshold values of the Tunisian Norms of Treated Wastewaters for agriculture use (NT106.03). The BOD 5 average decreased from 160.44 mg O 2 /L for UGW (Untreated greywater) to 15.32 mg O 2 /L for TGW. The COD average recorded a high reduction from 290.15 mg O 2 /L for UGW to 49.58 mg O 2 /L for TGW. The average removal rate was 90% for BOD 5 and 83% for COD, proving the high performance of the treatment. The average increases in height, diameter, and olive production are significantly high for the two varieties of olive trees irrigated with treated greywater (ITGW), compared to those not irrigated and under natural conditions. In this regard, the present study has shown promising potentials for the reuse of TGW in agriculture.
... According to Procházka et al. (2018), agriculture is responsible for around 70% of global water withdrawals. This exerts an upward pressure on water resources especially in countries with low risk of water withdrawals such as the Middle East and several arid and semi-arid countries (Helyes et al., 1999;Nwaokobia et al., 2018). This is the case of Tunisia where usage of marginal waters like treated greywater (TGW) becomes a necessity. ...
... Risk analyses associated with onsite greywater reuse indicated that a welldesigned treatment system is required for safe greywater reuse (Maimon et al., 2014). According to Mojiri et al. (2013) and Nwaokobia et al. (2018), usage of treated wastewater in agriculture is an enhancing issue because it contributes to conservation of fresh water resources, recycles some nutrients and minimizes the use of chemical fertilizers. ...
... It has been demonstrated that irrigation with greywater increases the accessibility of some nutrients, improving the plant growth and yield (Gorgich et al., 2020;Memon et al., 2019;Nwaokobia et al., 2018). In fact, nutrient uptake is a key feature influencing biomass accumulation and therefore growth and yield. ...
Optimizing water reuse is an important issue in the context of water scarcity and low water quality. Greywater would provide more sustainable water supply, once using appropriate treatment. This study aimed to appraise the efficacy of treated greywater use on soil and tomato cultivation, in comparison to ground water (GW) use. Greywater (from laundry and tableware) was treated using a wetland mini‐reactor with a horizontal underground flow. Growth, photosynthetic activity, plant water status, osmotic potential and yield of tomato cultivars (Dart and Firenze) were evaluated. Sodium, potassium (analyzed by flame photometer) and heavy metals (examined by atomic absorption photometer), were quantified in leaves, stems and roots. Results showed that treated greywater (TGW) does not affect soil salinity. The TGW improved plant height and yield, of both cultivars. Although, net photosynthesis was increased only in Dart. Firenze had elevated water potential, but less relative water content and photosynthetic water use efficiency, suggesting a pronounced water restriction. Also, Firenze had higher Zn2+ and Fe2+ content than Dart indicating less selectivity. Our results imply that greywater treatment had an encouraging potential for soil preservation and tomatoes irrigation. Plant resistance is possibly acquired by ionic balance and photosynthetic capacity. Further studies are desirable to inspect long‐term effects on soil and health.
... Proper irrigation management i.e., schedule irrigation timing and amounts based on accurate crop water use, has a positive effect on yield provided planted crops are not stressed before water application (Ewemoje, 2007). The designer or operator of an irrigation system most frequently estimates irrigation water requirements for short periods and on a seasonal basis (Ogburu et al., 2018). Most Leafy vegetable crops benefit from frequent irrigation throughout the season and are sensitive to water stress in which under irrigating can result to reduction of crop yields and over-irrigating in most cases can reduce the quality of the crop resulting into low marketable yields. ...
In the current study, mycoremediated textile effluents were used for irrigation in a cultivation system to promote resource recycling and cost‐effective spinach production. The raw textile effluents from two different textile mills were decolorized by 93.2 and 94.5%, respectively, as well as mineralized by the immobilized novel fungus Geotrichum candidum . Subsequently, both the treated effluents, treated textile effluent 1 (TTE1) and treated textile effluent 2 (TTE2), were used to cultivate spinach. The results indicated that irrigation with TTE1 and TTE2 resulted in ~9% higher spinach yields compared with the control. Moreover, the water use efficiency with the TTE1 and TTE2 treatments was ~1.2 times better than that with the control. The need for fertilizers in the case of spinach cultivation with treated effluents was compensated by the textile effluents as a result of the breakdown and mineralization of the effluent by immobilized G. candidum . Notably, the energy content, dietary fiber and protein content of spinach irrigated with mycoremediated textile effluent were substantially elevated, with values of 34 kcal/100 g ⁻¹ , 3.4 g 100 g ⁻¹ and 6.92 g 100 g ⁻¹ , respectively. The preliminary cost analysis indicated that the costs of the whole process (from treatment to irrigation) were approximately US$0.35‐0.38 m ⁻³ (INR 28.22–30.45 m ⁻³ ) of textile effluent. The study concluded that the mycoremediated textile effluent could be efficiently applied for agronomic usages.
The ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum) was planted in pots in Feb. 2019. When the plants were one month old, the pots were divided into three groups to irrigate: the first with tap water, the second with treated wastewater in Al Muamira station, and the third depended on textile wastewater (from the Hilla factory) in irrigation. The results showed that irrigation water caused effects on phenotypic traits and anatomy of leaves and stems. Each leaf area, plant's length, number of leaves, flowers and fruits and the highest numbers were in the second group—the plants within the third group characterized with significant variations in CAT, SOD, MDA and GSH. On the anatomical level, there are many variations in stomata frequency, length and width of stomata in both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf. Keywords: Capsicum annuum, irrigated water, phonological, physiological, stone cell.
