Physical map of the Philippines, showing topography and bathymetry. The two opposing subduction zones (the Manila Trench and the Philippine Trench/East Luzon Trough), major plates (SUND and PHSP) and the major Philippine Fault System with splays in Luzon (yellow lines) are mapped (basemap derived from the UNAVCO Jules Verne Navigator). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) 

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... al., 2004). The island of Luzon, in the northern Philippine island arc, provides another example of plate boundary zone deformation. Luzon is situated in an area where the rapid convergence between the Eurasian Plate (Sundaland block) and the Philippine Sea Plate is accommodated across two major subduction zones and a rapidly deforming island arc (Fig. 1). Detailed analysis of the kinematics of Luzon will help elucidate how deformation occurs within plate boundary zones in ...

Context 2

... intra-arc strike-slip faults, active vol- canism, and high seismic activity (Fig. 2) within the arc complex ( Cardwell et al., 1980;Hamburger et al., 1982;Aurelio, 2000). Subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate occurs along the eastern margin of the archipelago, marked by the Philippine Trench and its northern exten- sion, the East Luzon Trough (Fig. 1). The Philippine Trench is a seismically active, north-south trending depression characterized by a poorly defined Wadati- Benioff earthquake zone which extends to about 100 km depth ( Cardwell et al., 1980). This trench, which marks the boundary of the westward-subducting Philippine Sea Plate under the Philippine Mobile Belt, extends ...

Context 3

... characterized by a poorly defined Wadati- Benioff earthquake zone which extends to about 100 km depth ( Cardwell et al., 1980). This trench, which marks the boundary of the westward-subducting Philippine Sea Plate under the Philippine Mobile Belt, extends from the Island of Mindanao in the south to its northern termination, east of central Luzon (Fig. 1). The trench is characterized by large negative gravity anomalies, and is associated with moderate to large-magnitude interplate thrust-type earthquakes (Fig. 2B) (Lewis and Hayes, 1983;Hamburger et al., 1982;Tomida, 1998). To its north, the East Luzon Trough represents a northeast- trending incipient subduction zone; it is also ...

Context 4

... Sea Basin subducts eastward along the Manila Trench, the primary convergence zone between Eurasia and Luzon (Hayes and Lewis, 1984;Rangin et al., 1999;Yu et al., 1999). The trench is associated with a well-developed forearc system and extends southward from Taiwan in the north to Mindoro Island in the south along the western margin of Luzon ( Fig. 1) (Hayes and Lewis, 1984). At its northern and southern terminations, sub- duction at the Manila Trench is interrupted by arc- continent collision, i.e., between the northern Philippine arc and the Eurasian continental margin at Taiwan and between the Palawan-Borneo Block and Luzon at the island of Mindoro (De Boer et al., 1980;Suppe, ...

Context 5

... zones lies the seismi- cally active, NW-SE trending, sinistral strike-slip Philippine Fault (Figs. 1 and 3) ( Barrier et al., 1991;Rangin et al., 1999;Bacolcol, 2003). The Philippine Fault traverses the entire Philippine archipelago from the northeast of Mindanao Island through the central Philippines and as far north as northwestern Luzon (Fig. 1). Fault activity is estimated to have started at about 15 Ma and extends through Holocene time (Karig, 1983), although some estimates suggest a much younger age ( Barrier et al., 1991). The fault divides into a series of splays across the southern Cordillera Central, where some appear to extend to the forearc region of the Manila ...

Context 6

... Philippine fault is seismically active, with fault slip rates of about 9-17 mm yr − 1 determined from geomorphic data (Daligdig, 1997), 20- 25 mm yr − 1 from plate kinematics ( Barrier et al., 1991), 35 mm yr − 1 determined from GPS measurements ( Rangin et al., 1999;Yu et al., 1999;Thibault, 1999), and 68.6 mm yr − 1 from historical seismicity (Acharya, 1980). The fault passes through the northern mountains of the Cordillera Central, into the southern Sierra Madre mountains of east-central Luzon, and near Bondoc Peninsula in southern Luzon (Figs. 1 and 3) (Barrier et al., 1991). The fault has been associated with major historical earthquakes, including the M7.6 Luzon earthquake of 1990 (Yoshida and Abe, 1992). ...

Context 7

... used analytical hill shading to highlight the orientation of fault scarps, lineaments, and other terrain surfaces (Kennelly and Stickney, 2000;Leech et al., 2003). The approach was used to highlight surficial geologic features within Luzon, such as fault scarps of the Philippine, Northern Cordillera, Digdig, Marikina, and Macolod Corridor fault zones (Figs. 1 and 3). Bathymetric data clearly reveal the topographic structures of the Manila Trench and East Luzon Trough, as well as the Verde Passage-Sibuyan Sea Fault near southwestern Luzon (Fig. 1). ...

Context 8

... surficial geologic features within Luzon, such as fault scarps of the Philippine, Northern Cordillera, Digdig, Marikina, and Macolod Corridor fault zones (Figs. 1 and 3). Bathymetric data clearly reveal the topographic structures of the Manila Trench and East Luzon Trough, as well as the Verde Passage-Sibuyan Sea Fault near southwestern Luzon (Fig. 1). Three Landsat TM scenes were used to identify faults within complex deformation areas such as the Cordillera Central (northern Luzon) and Macolod Corridor (southwestern Luzon). The addition of these visible and near-infrared reflectance data provided addi- tional observations for determining and verifying fault scarps, lineaments, and ...

Context 9

... as suggested by Barrier et al. (1991), Yu et al. (1999) and Rangin et al. (1999). Fig. 10 shows a surface velocity profile across the Philippine Fault. Observed horizontal site velocities (individual points shown in Fig. 10) describe an "s"-pattern across the fault, with the fault-parallel velocities exhibiting more pronounced curvature than the fault-normal component. The fault- parallel component is characteristic of a ...

Context 10

... as suggested by Barrier et al. (1991), Yu et al. (1999) and Rangin et al. (1999). Fig. 10 shows a surface velocity profile across the Philippine Fault. Observed horizontal site velocities (individual points shown in Fig. 10) describe an "s"-pattern across the fault, with the fault-parallel velocities exhibiting more pronounced curvature than the fault-normal component. The fault- parallel component is characteristic of a partially coupled, sinistral strike-slip fault, with a slip rate of ∼ 39.7 mm yr − 1 . The curved lines on Fig. 10 show modeled velocity ...

Context 11

... (individual points shown in Fig. 10) describe an "s"-pattern across the fault, with the fault-parallel velocities exhibiting more pronounced curvature than the fault-normal component. The fault- parallel component is characteristic of a partially coupled, sinistral strike-slip fault, with a slip rate of ∼ 39.7 mm yr − 1 . The curved lines on Fig. 10 show modeled velocity distribution when both block rotation and elastic strain associated with fault locking are considered. The breadth of this zone of elastic de- formation results from the relatively deep (25 km) locking depth inferred for the fault. Our preferred model indicates fault-parallel slip rates of 29 to 40 mm yr − 1 , ...