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Particle size distribution of natural flake graphite, thermosetting phenolic resin and expandable graphite
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Thermal insulation composites are widely used in civil and military applications; however, it is difficult to achieve the synergy of multiple technical objectives such as lightweight, thermal insulation, high pressure resistance and high-temperature resistance by adopting traditional preparation techniques. In this study, a novel carbon-graphite th...
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Localized heat sources, such as flame guns and high-energy lasers, can cause severe damage to conventional materials. In this study, a novel localized heat-resistant coating with a high in-plane thermal conductivity was designed and prepared. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) effectively improved the in-plane thermal conductivity of the polyvinyl alcoho...
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... The compression strength values of the composite samples were sufficient for an insulation material intended for construction. According to the literature (He et al., 2022), the typical compression strength values for building insulation materials range from 0.01 to 2.4 MPa. The composite samples had compression strength values between 15.69 and 27.46 MPa, which were comparable or higher than conventional insulation materials, such as mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, and polyisocyanurate. ...
Buffing dust, generated from tannery industries, is a source of air pollution in Pakistan. Valorization of the waste into another useful material is important to deal with the environmental pollution, while reducing waste disposal costs in landfills. To demonstrate its technological strength, this work fabricates a thermal insulation material made of plaster of Paris and the buffing dust (from tanning waste) in the form of a composite with superior mechanical properties and low thermal conductivity. Buffing dust with concentrations ranging from 5 to 20% (w/w) were loaded in the composite. The samples synthesized were made slurry of plaster of Paris, buffing dust, and water at ambient temperature. The physico-mechanical properties of composite were analyzed. It was found that the composite had better thermal insulation properties than the panels of the plaster of Paris did. Its thermal conductivity was reduced to 15% after adding buffing dust (20% w/w). All the materials had physico-chemical properties like tensile strength (0.02 MPa and 0.06 MPa), density (700-400 kg/m3), water absorption (5.2–8.6%) and thermal conductivity (0.17000–0.09218 W/m-K). Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the material was thermally stable at temperatures ranging from 145 to 177 °C, while FT-IR results revealed that the composite contained O–H, N–H, and CO functional groups. SEM analysis displayed that the composite's homogeneity was reduced with low voids due to buffing dust addition, while EDX analysis showed that the composite contained 23.62% of S, 26.76% of Ca, 498.2% of O and 0.492% of C. This implies that buffing dust could be recycled to manufacture heat insulation materials for construction sector to reduce air pollution, while minimizing energy consumption. By integrating the buffing dust from tanning waste and the plaster of Paris as a composite for construction sector, this work promotes the recycling of unused waste, while saving public funds. Instead of paying landfill fees and polluting soil, the waste may be recycled at lower cost, while reducing environmental damage.
... Use of expandable graphite that had previously been coated resulted in higher compressive strength as well as decreased thermal conductivities. [36] Synthetic fibers are intentionally designed to possess distinct thermal characteristics, such as resistance to heat, reduced thermal conductivity, and overall stability. These objects can be engineered to endure elevated temperatures, retain their structural integrity, and provide enhanced thermal insulation. ...
The properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites are diminished when exposed to high temperatures. Despite high-grade fibers, additives, and fillers, the polymer matrix is thermally unstable. Numerous studies are conducted to modify thermos and thermoset polymers in order to increase their thermal stability, thermal degradability, and flammability. The thermal properties of a composite are determined by the percentages of additives, fibers, coatings, and fabrication methods. This review goes into detail about developing and testing high-temperature polymer composites, which will be useful for both beginners and experts. At high temperatures, nano-ceramic particles like graphene, diamonds, glass powders, mica powders, and corundum improve polymer thermal stability and mechanical properties. Fuel cell electrodes, ultra-capacitors, and lightning hoists may employ these composites.
... The mechanical properties of CLP and GY samples were found to be superior to those of compressed carbon-graphite composite (obtained by phenolic resin impregnation) with compressive strength ranging from 7 to 19.7 MPa at a density of 1.2 g cm − 3 [42]. In the context of 3D-printed carbon, CLP and GY (0.69 and 0.61 g cm − 3 , respectively) samples showed higher range of mechanical properties than porous carbon of similar density (about 0.55 g cm − 3 ) obtained by direct ink writing with compressive strength and Young's modulus values of 5.1 and 243 MPa, respectively [43]. ...
This study focuses on the design, additive manufacturing, and characterization of porous carbon-based structures in the form of a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) with outstanding mechanical properties and oxidation resistance, combined with good electrical and thermal conductivity. Binder jetting (BJ) of graphite-carbon black powders was used to 3D print computational models of three TPMS with different topologies and geometric porosities. Infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) with furan resin was then performed to densify the parts. Composite materials, comprising a highly disordered carbon matrix binding well-crystallized graphite grains, were obtained. The printed and pyrolyzed samples are highly porous TPMS cylinders with diameter, height and a surface thickness of ~19 mm, ~33 mm and 0.76 mm, respectively. The samples have a skeleton intrinsic porosity of 20%, of which 8% is open, meaning that the material could potentially be further infiltrated and densified. Nevertheless, the samples have better mechanical properties than compressed carbon-graphite composites, as well as 3D-printed carbon produced by direct ink writing and stereolithography. High-temperature tests showed that, although the amorphous carbon matrix is more prone to oxidation than the graphite grains, the overall oxidation resistance remains exceptionally high. These properties allow for applications as Joule resistors and in seasonal thermal storage.
... In general, apparent density is a crucial factor that influences the mechanical and thermal properties of materials [102][103][104][105]. The apparent densities of EG, EV, and EP based plates are depicted as 0.766 ± 0.01 g/cm 3 , 1.320 ± 0.03 g/cm 3 , 0.590 ± 0.01 g/cm 3 , respectively in Fig. 11A. ...
Thermal insulation materials are a great solution to minimize energy consumption for construction applications. Especially, expanded inorganic lightweights are excellent candidates in terms of their low thermal conductivity and high fire resistance properties. Sol-gel type inorganic based binders are also useful chemical substances to combine lightweight particles. In current study, inorganic-based plates were developed by using expanded glass, expanded vermiculite, and expanded perlite particles with a novel tetraethoxysilan (TEOS)/methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) sol-gel binder. The chemical, physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the plates were examined comparatively to reveal the effect of expanded lightweight particle types in the plates. According to the experimental results, the compressive strength of the developed plates was between 7.04 ± 0.44 MPa and 3.15 ± 0.17 MPa whilst the direct tensile strength ranged from 0.486 ± 0.04 MPa and 0.079 ± 0.04 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the long term water absorbency values of the plates on the 28th day varied between 9.96 ± 0.04 v% and 49.8 ± 0.8 v%. On the other hand, while the thermal conductivity coefficient of the plates at 25 °C ranged from 0.125 to 0.254 W/m.K, infrared reflectance properties were determined between 83.2 ± 0.5 % and 64.1 1.8 %. Besides, all inorganic-based plates exhibited high fire resistance performance (withstand temperatures of up to ∼900 °C for 30 min). The results demonstrated that utilizing expanded inorganic lightweight particles with TEOS/MTMS sol-gel binder could be a promising combination to construct energy saving insulating plates to overcome poor fire resistance properties of conventional organic materials.
... The mechanical properties of CLP and GY samples were found to be superior to those of compressed carbon-graphite composite (obtained by phenolic resin impregnation) with compressive strength ranging from 7 to 19.7 MPa at a density of 1.2 g·cm -3 [35]. In the context of 3D-printed carbon, CLP and GY samples showed higher range of mechanical properties than porous carbon of similar density obtained by direct ink writing with compressive strength and Young's modulus values of 5.1 and 243 MPa, respectively [36]. ...
Research objective: assessment of the impact of crane loading on safe operation of building by using probabilistic methods; taking into account accumulation of damage in building’s structural elements occurring during operation period. Materials and methods: current computational schemes exploit procedures that do not take into consideration all external effects and changes in structures occurring during operation period of an industrial building. They do not provide algorithms for assessment of spatial response of building’s structures if probabilistic methods are used. Results: the experimental and theoretical research carried out by the author resulted in more precise definitions for computational models and for computational methods of analysis of industrial buildings under the action of various crane loads, including those that are not considered by regulatory documents. The suggested models and methods will enable us to design bearing structures of frameworks in accordance with their real operating conditions. The data obtained in a number of full-scale experiments lead to the conclusion that the amplitudes of vibrations caused by lateral forces when the overhead crane travels with a skew are significantly larger than the amplitudes observed during deceleration of the crane trolley. Conclusions: a hybrid algorithm has been developed; the suggested algorithm implements a complex of procedures for assessment of changes occurring in frame structures under different loading scenarios, during the service life of an industrial building.
