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Network words extracted from the description of the special sessions. The colored clusters are related to the similarity of word count and connection among each of the special sessions.
Source publication
In this paper we synthesize the special sessions of the XXIII Brazilian Water Resources Symposium 2019 in order to understand the major advances and challenges in the water sciences in Brazil. We analyzed more than 250 papers and presentations of 16 special sessions covering topics of Climate Variability and Change, Disasters, Modeling, Large Scale...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... analysis method considers the relationship between words according to the number of times they occur together in the titles and descriptions of the different special sessions. We found 3 clusters of sessions using the words addressed in the themes of the special sessions ( Figure 3). We also asked the conveners to read the special sessions descriptions. ...
Context 2
... also asked the conveners to read the special sessions descriptions. As a postscript, they expressed that most sessions are closely related to at least 5 other ones which is similar to what was independently found in with the word grouping ( Figure 3). The Green cluster relates to large scale hydrology, including water issues as energy and food, systems of reservoirs, climate change impacts, and estimation technology based on remote sensing. ...
Citations
... The management of water resources is increasingly necessary given its importance for the various hydrological realities and the increase in the multiple demands for the use of water for human needs, industrial needs, animal watering, agricultural irrigation, energy generation, recreation, tourism, navigation, maintenance of natural ecosystems, among others [1]. In recent decades, with population growth, conflicts associated with water use have significantly increased in socioeconomic aspects, regardless of the spatial scale [2]. In this sense, for adequate water management, it is necessary to understand and quantify this natural resource through the components of the hydrological cycle in hydrographic basins. ...
The intensification of conflicts associated with the use of water in the transition region of the Cerrado and Amazon biomes caused by population and economic growth, combined with the interest in generating energy from hydroelectric plants, raise the need to quantify the surface water availability of rivers contributing with different drainage areas. The present study estimated and compared in loco measurements of liquid flow (QL) and the depth of rivers in the Teles Pires river basin by reference methods (MLN-7 hydrometric windlass and metal rod/winch) and by Acoustic Current Profiler by Doppler Effect (ADCP RiverRay), in this last method the uncertainty estimate of the total measurement time by ADCP was evaluated. Field measurements were carried out at monthly intervals between March 2020 and October 2021, seeking to represent the water seasonality and depth and QL variations in the cross-sections of the Caiabi 1 and 2, Celeste, Preto and Renato rivers. The evaluated rivers had a net flow between 3.48 and 60.78 m3 s−1 by the windlass and between 2.66 and 54.30 m3 s−1 by the ADCP, while the depths obtained were from 0.17 to 6.34 m by the rod/winch and from 0.65 to 6.20 m by the ADCP. The methods resulted in similar measurements of net flow and depth in each of the cross-sections, and the statistical performance of the linear regression model was satisfactory with a Willmott concordance index of 0.9977 and 0.9819 for estimates of QL and of the depth of the cross-sections, respectively. The ADCP accurately measured the net discharge and depth in shallow (up to 6.5 m) cross-sections of the Teles Pires River relative to the reference method. Determining the total measurement time and pairs of transects to obtain accurate QL by ADCP depends on the hydraulic characteristics of the watercourses.
... The management of water resources is increasingly necessary, given its importance for the various hydrological realities and the increase in the multiple demands for the use of water for human, industrial, animal watering, agricultural irrigation, energy generation, recreation, tourism, navigation, maintenance of natural ecosystems, among others [1]. In recent decades, with population growth, conflicts associated with water use have increased significantly in socioeconomic aspects, 2 regardless of the spatial scale [1]. In this sense, for adequate water management, it is necessary to understand and quantify this natural resource through the components of the hydrological cycle in hydrographic basins. ...
... Brazil is the most abundant country in surface water availability but has uneven spatial and temporal distribution over regions/biomes [2]. The intensification of conflicts over water use and climate change, caused by population growth and human activities, impacts the production chain, society's quality of life and the maintenance of natural ecosystems [3]. ...
... However, they present methodological differences in the level of detail of the information obtained in the cross-section. The windlass performs punctual water velocity measurements through electromechanical pulses; its limitations focus on the greater demand for time and field staff and restriction to high speeds and depths in section [2]. The ADCP RiverRay model continuously maps the water velocity through the velocity and frequency of the acoustic wave emitted and reflected in suspended solid particles, which move at the same velocity as the water. ...
The intensification of conflicts associated with the use of water in the transition region of the Cerrado and Amazon biomes caused by population and economic growth, combined with the interest in generating energy from hydroelectric plants, raise the need to quantify the surface water availability of rivers contributing with different drainage areas. The present study estimated and compared loco measurements of liquid flow (QL) and depth of rivers in the Teles Pires river basin by reference methods (MLN-7 hydrometric windlass and metal rod/winch) and by Acoustic Current Profiler by Doppler Effect (ADCP RiverRay), in addition, evaluated the total measurement time underestimation uncertainty by ADCP. Field measurements were carried out at monthly intervals between March 2020 and October 2021, seeking to represent the water seasonality and depth and QL variations in the cross-sections of the Caiabi 1 and 2, Celeste, Preto and Renato rivers. The evaluated rivers had a net flow between 3.48 and 60.78 m3 s-1 by the windlass and between 2.66 and 54.30 m3 s-1 by the ADCP, while the depths obtained were from 0.17 to 6.34 m by the rod/winch and from 0.65 to 6.20 m by the ADCP. The methods resulted in similar measurements of net flow and depth in each of the cross-sections, and the statistical performance of the linear regression model was satisfactory with a Willmott concordance index of 0.9977 and 0.9819 for estimates of QL and of the depth of the cross-sections, respectively. The ADCP accurately measured net discharge and depth in shallow (up to 6.5 m) cross-sections of Teles Pires River in relative to the reference method. Determining the total measurement time and pairs of transects to obtain accurate QL by ADCP depends on the hydraulic characteristics of the watercourses.
... These findings are also in agreement with the work of Dhakal and Chevalier (2017), which highlight the need to offer curriculums that include green infrastructure and also research opportunities to engage civil and environmental engineering students worldwide. Accordingly, Paiva et al. (2020) advocate for the need to improve teaching quality and to urgently revise curriculum and subjects of undergraduate courses regarding the water resources area as a whole. ...
In Brazil, the adoption of sustainable urban drainage (SUD) measures is modest, and the conventional approach prevails. This research evaluates the perception of 377 professionals (civil engineers, environmental engineers and architects) that work in João Pessoa and surroundings regarding their knowledge on SUD, their preferences and barriers for adopting SUD. Most of them demonstrate limited knowledge on the subject, with difficulty distinguishing between conventional and sustainable measures. But the vast majority of professionals were willing to adopt SUD facilities in their projects, preferably infiltration trenches, permeable pavements and green roofs. The maintenance of the devices and the hirer/user acceptance were key aspects for this choice, while superiors’ disinterest, the unfamiliarity of entrepreneurs and financiers, and lack of governmental support were the primary barriers. There is a need to improve the academic education of these professionals and provide basic understanding of SUD principles for several other actors. Keywords: Stormwater. Green infrastructure. Low impact development. Source-control.
... The results revealed that problems related to encouraging farmers to participate in water consumption management and monitoring and controlling water consumption were determined as problems of water consumption management. Elaiwi et al. (2020), de Paiva et al. (2020, and Pešić and Jakovljević (2020) concluded that there were various reasons that contributed to the problems of water resources use in agriculture, climate changes in the last few years, and the mismanagement of the water resources in some developing countries that faced many problems such as the increased demand on water due to the low participation of the farmers and abnormal growth of population, as well as the high river sediment and neglecting the sanitation systems and mix them with rainwater, in addition to discharging them directly to the rivers. Also, Sivakumar (2011), Tzanakakis et al. (2020), and Luo et al. (2020) illustrated that critical issues in the use of water resources included the over-abstraction of groundwater, farmers' low water use efficiencies, lack of modern systems of control and monitoring of water consumption, and inadequate cooperation among farmers and other stakeholders. ...
The present study aimed to identify the problems and challenges of water resources use by the agricultural sector. The research conducted a qualitative content analysis on documents and semi-structured interviews with experts and key informants in the study site of Miandoab, Iran. Based on the results, the challenges of water resources use for agriculture include (i) the problems related to water consumption management composed of two sub-categories of encouraging farmers to participate in water consumption management and the problems related to monitoring and controlling water consumption, (ii) the problems of water resources management including the sub-categories of inappropriate management perspective on water abstraction, the problem of managing unauthorized abstractions, the problems of the infrastructure of water allocation scheduling, and (iii) the problems of farmers’ traditionalism whose sub-categories are farmers’ incorrect habits and experiences, low awareness, low motivation, and poor knowledge, as well as the problems related to their farms.
... Some of these countries also have advanced Water Resources Laws and regulations, such as the Brazilian National Water Resources Management System created by Law 9433, 1997 (Brasil, 1997), but most of the efforts on the development and implementation of such regulation are devoted to river basins in more densely populated regions and not in the context of the complexity of the international/transboundary and larger river basin of the world. Also, even though the Amazon basin is in the epicenter of international scientific discussion, it appears not to be the main focus of technical and scientific developments on the water resources field in the Amazon countries, as revealed by the recent synthesis of advances from Brazilian hydrology community (Paiva, 2020). ...
Satellite observations offer invaluable insights into hydrological processes and environmental change in the Amazon.
The Amazon Basin is the largest river basin in the world. It covers roughly six million square kilometers, which is about one third of South America. While the sheer scale and difficulty of access makes field observations challenging, remote sensing can provide rich insights. An article recently published in Reviews of Geophysics explores the strengths and limitations of satellite observations of the Amazon basin and makes recommendations for improving these observational systems.
... Prediction is based on probability of the streamflow and its historical records. The prediction measures can be used to understand the complexity of water resource management, in order to deal with uncertainty of climate and to support decision and management in hydroelectric power plant [1]. The streamflow forecasts are performed in short-term and long-term to flood management, water supply and in the analysis and operation of reservoirs in hydroelectric power plants [2]. ...
... The forget gate uses the sigmoid activation function, generating values in the range between 0 and 1, depending on current input and previous output of LSTM cell according to Equation (1). A value of 0 in the forget gate means that all information in the state of the previous cell must be erased, and consequently will not continue to persist over time. ...
Water flow forecasts are an essential information for energy production, management and hydropower control. Advanced actions to optimize electricity production can be taken based on predicted information. This work proposes an ensemble strategy using recurrent neural networks to generate a forecast of water flow at Jirau Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP), installed on the Madeira River in Brazil. The ensemble strategy consists of combining three long short-term memory (LSTM) networks that model the Madeira River and two of its tributaries: Mamoré and Abunã rivers. The historical data from streamflow of the Madeira river and its tributaries are used to validate the ensemble LSTM model, where each time series of river tributaries are modeled separated by LSTM models and the result used as input for another LSTM model in order to forecast the streamflow of the main river. The experimental results present low errors for training and test sets for individual LSTM networks and ensemble model. In addition, these results were compared with the operational forecasts performed by Jirau HPP. The proposed model showed better accuracy in four of the five scenarios tested, which indicates a promising approach to be explored in water flow forecasting based on river tributaries.
... Some of these countries also have advanced Water Resources Laws and regulation, such as the Brazilian National Water Resources Management System created by Law 9433, 1997 (Brasil, 1997), but most of the efforts on the development and implementation of such regulation is devoted to river basins in more densely populated regions and not in the context of the complexity of the international/transboundary and larger river basin of the world. Also, even though the Amazon basin is in the epicenter of international scientific discussion, it appears not to be the main focus of technical and scientific developments on the water resources field in the Amazon countries, as revealed by the recent synthesis of advances from Brazilian hydrology community (Paiva, 2020). ...
As the largest river basin on Earth, the Amazon is of major importance to the world's climate and water resources. Over the past decades, advances in satellite-based remote sensing (RS) have brought our understanding of its terrestrial water cycle and the associated hydrological processes to a new era. Here, we review major studies and the various techniques using satellite RS in the Amazon. We show how RS played a major role in supporting new research and key findings regarding the Amazon water cycle, and how the region became a laboratory for groundbreaking investigations of new satellite retrievals and analyses. At the basin-scale, the understanding of several hydrological processes was only possible with the advent of RS observations, such as the characterization of "rainfall hotspots" in the Andes-Amazon transition, evapotranspiration rates, and variations of surface waters and groundwater storage. These results strongly contribute to the recent advances of hydrological models and to our new understanding of the Amazon water budget and aquatic environments. In the context of upcoming hydrology-oriented satellite missions, which will offer the opportunity for new synergies and new observations with finer space-time resolution, this review aims to guide future research agenda towards an integrated monitoring and understanding of the Amazon water from space. Integrated multidisciplinary studies, fostered by international collaborations, set up future directions to tackle the great challenges the Amazon is currently facing, from climate change to increased anthropogenic pressure.
... Os recentes rompimentos de barragens e os impactos por estes ocasionados, demonstram os riscos de um eventual rompimento destas estruturas (Paiva et al., 2021). O extravasamento pela crista, ou galgamento, é uma importante causa de falhas em barragens no Brasil e no mundo (SNISB, 2019; ICOLD, 2019), sendo essa falha associada à vazão de projeto e consequentemente ao dimensionamento do vertedouro. ...
... No Brasil, há poucos estudos com séries temporais de vazões máximas não estacionárias. Há uma preocupação crescente sobre este tema na comunidade nacional (Paiva et al., 2021). Os impactos gerados por eventos extremos podem ser graves, principalmente quando há redução em sua recorrência (Brunner et al., 2021). ...
Artigo recebido em 22/02/2021 e aceito em 29/07/2021 R E S U M O Tendências crescentes nas estatísticas de vazões dos rios têm sido detectadas em séries temporais no Brasil e no mundo. Devido as tendências, especialmente nas vazões máximas, há preocupação de que estruturas hidráulicas, como barragens, possam estar com sua segurança comprometida. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é estimar a vazão de projeto de série temporal não estacionaria para baixa probabilidades (TR milenar), comparando seu valor com a vazão de projeto do vertedouro da barragem existente. A determinação de uma variável para baixa probabilidades, como a vazão de projeto, utiliza métodos com diversas aplicações nas ciências ambientais, como mapas de inundação e equações de intensidade, duração e frequência. Este estudo foi aplicado na estação fluviométrica Abelardo Luz e na barragem da PCH Ludesa, localizadas no Estado de Santa Catarina. Doze séries temporais de máximos diários anuais foram construídas, variando o ano hidrológico. Os testes estatísticos Mann-Kendall e Pettit foram aplicados para avaliar a estacionariedade. Aplicou-se as distribuições GEV e Gumbel para estimar a vazão de projeto teórica, comparando-a com a vazão de projeto real. Os resultados indicam que as séries temporais geradas são não estacionárias, com pontos de mudança detectados. O modelo GEV se adequou melhor as séries temporais, com parâmetro forma positivo. Em relação a vazão de projeto, dependendo do modelo considerado, o fator de segurança dessa barragem apresentou redução. Percebeu-se também que a qualidade dos dados, bem como seu comprimento, são fatores decisivos para estimar a vazão de projeto com menor grau de incerteza. Dams design flow estimation using non-stationary time series A B S T R A C T Increasing trends in streamflow statistics have been detected in time series in Brazil and worldwide. Due to trends, especially at maximum streamflow, there is concern that hydraulic structures, such as dams, may have their safety compromised. Therefore, the objective of this study is to estimate the design flow of a non-stationary time series for low probabilities (millennial TR), comparing its value with the design flow of the existing dam spillway. The determination of a variable for low probabilities, such as the project flow, uses methods with several applications in environmental sciences, such as flood maps and intensity, duration, and frequency curves. This study was applied at the gauging station Abelardo Luz and PCH Ludesa dam, located in the state of Santa Catarina. Twelve time series of annual maximum daily streamflow were built, varying the hydrological year. Mann-Kendall and Pettit statistical tests were applied to assess stationarity. The GEV and Gumbel distributions were applied to estimate the theoretical design flow, comparing it with the actual design flow. The results indicate that the time series generated are non-stationary, with change-points detected. The GEV model was better suited to the time series, with a positive shape parameter. In relation to the project flow, depending on the model considered, the safety factor of this dam decreased. It was also noticed that the quality of the data, as well as its length, are decisive factors for estimating the design flow with a lower degree of uncertainty.
Apesar da importância dos recursos hídricos para o ser humano, observam-se diversas lacunas na disponibilidade de dados para o suporte às tomadas de decisão na esfera das políticas públicas. Neste contexto, o System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA-Water) é uma ferramenta auxiliar da gestão e planejamento de recursos hídricos cujo objetivo é a sistematização e padronização de dados hidrológicos e econômicos em um mesmo quadro conceitual. Esse quadro é constituído por tabelas e indicadores que seguem a organização dos Sistemas de Contas Nacionais (SNA), conforme regularmente publicado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O modelo tem sido adotado com o objetivo de fornecer informações estratégias, de maneira sistematizada e confiável, para apoiar a tomada de decisão frente aos desafios da gestão de recursos hídricos em escala nacional e subnacional. Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre a contribuição do SEEA-Water para o planejamento e gestão de recursos hídricos. Além disso, a contribuição do SEEA-Water ao monitoramento dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) é apresentada considerando as informações que podem ser obtidas diretamente do SEEA e/ou adaptadas para o ODS 6, ou ainda suporte ao monitoramento das metas e objetivos vinculados. Por fim, apresenta-se uma discussão sobre o caráter amplo de modelos como o SEEA-Water no contexto da política ambiental brasileira e os avanços rumo a integração do capital natural na composição do Produto Interno Bruto do país.
The relationship between water and society is a central challenge to achieve sustainability, thus the socio-hydrology has been developed focusing on the study of the multidirectional interactions of the human-water coupled system. The present study presented the current scenario of sociohydrology in Brazil and addressed some themes from sociohydrology perspective. The systematic review demonstrated that researchers from Brazilian institutions published a greater number of articles on sociohydrology in 2020 than in previous years. Considering that the sociohydrology study is under development, highlight the physical and social heterogeneity of Brazil and the diversity of actors involved as potentialities. Some challenges also to highlight: (i) multidimensionality of the socio-natural system, (ii) need for time for scientific development, and (iii) establishment of common elements belonging to socio-hydrology. It is expected that this discussion will stimulate the inter and transdisciplinary development in the search for solutions focused on the interactions between hydrological and social processes.
