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Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) are of environmental interest because they are toxic to the aquatic fauna and flora. Hence, this study was carried out to provide baseline information on the level of TPHs in the coastal waters and species of Nigeria using standard methods. The TPH level in the water (4.07 mg/l) was low when compared with the tar...
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... The rising global demand for water has created a supply crisis that threatens not only the natural world but also the ability of modern societies to function normally [1]. Three of the most pressing issues today are securing reliable sources of water, food, and energy for the world's population [2][3][4][5]. The consumption of fresh water is rising because of the growing global population and the improving standard of living [6]. ...
Abattoir wastewater (AWW) contains a high level of organic pollutants due to the presence of toxic contaminants such as blood, feces from animals, and detergents from cleaning activities. In this study, the wastewater from the slaughterhouse was treated with a cobalt-catalyzed persulfate oxidation reaction to determine how well persulfate works as an oxidant to get rid of and break down organic materials. The water tested had a high organic load (COD = 2100mg/L), a pH of 7.7, and a BOD of 800mg/L. Time (10–90min), temperature (25–75°C), acid content (0.5–2.5M), persulfate (0.025–0.1g), and cobalt catalyst (50–150 mg/L) were all evaluated as operational conditions. Temperature and acid content was found to have a positive effect on COD elimination while increasing the residence time. The reaction conditions were optimized at a constant dose of 0.3 g of potassium persulfate, 1 M acid concentration in 30 minutes, and a maximum temperature of 60°C. At optimum conditions, approximately 98.46% of the COD was removed. The COD elimination rate was 92.85% at a low amount of potassium persulfate (0.075g). The study concludes that the developed approach could be used to efficiently treat abattoir wastewater.
... It has also helped in developing a variety of measures to adapt to climate change, such as growing drought-tolerant and early maturing Indigenous crops, gathering wild fruits and vegetables, cultivating wetlands, and diversifying and trading livestock (Abate and Kronk 2013; Ford et al. 2020). Despite these benefits, the importance of Indigenous knowledge in responding to local climate change challenges is sometimes not adequately recognized or leveraged for effective adaptation to climate change (Allison et al. 2009;Akinola et al. 2019Akinola et al. , 2020Hosen et al. 2020;Leal Filho et al. 2021a). This can limit adaptive capacity in the face of progressive climate change impacts, including droughts, storms, flooding of crop fields, loss of fertile soil, and wind-blown damage to vulnerable crops, among others (IPCC 2007(IPCC , 2022Leal Filho et al. 2021b, c). ...
Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) are good indicators of climate change effects due to their fast response to climatic variables such as temperature, humidity and amount of rainfall. This study aims to investigate the effect of three scenario of climate change at a regional scale (New Aquitaine region, France) on 59 odonata species distribution using species distribution modeling methods. Those results allow to identify species that will be the most impacted by climate change but also to evaluate changes in odonata diversity across the study area, through the calculation of diversity indices for each climate scenario. 24–33% of the species are predicted loss between 75 and 100% of suitable habitat by 2100 under two scenarios. Predicted distribution map can be use by managers, and stakeholders to target areas to be protect in priority. Different approaches can be pursued: protections of areas that are suitable or will be suitable in the future for rare species and/or target areas that will be suitable for high number of species leading to a higher diversity. By protecting wetland suitable for diverse odonata species, other wetland affiliated species such as amphibians, birds, and plants might benefits from those actions.KeywordsClimate changeOdonataSpecies distribution modelsDiversity
... It has also helped in developing a variety of measures to adapt to climate change, such as growing drought-tolerant and early maturing Indigenous crops, gathering wild fruits and vegetables, cultivating wetlands, and diversifying and trading livestock (Abate and Kronk 2013;Ford et al. 2020). Despite these benefits, the importance of Indigenous knowledge in responding to local climate change challenges is sometimes not adequately recognized or leveraged for effective adaptation to climate change (Allison et al. 2009;Akinola et al. 2019Akinola et al. , 2020Hosen et al. 2020;Leal Filho et al. 2021a). This can limit adaptive capacity in the face of progressive climate change impacts, including droughts, storms, flooding of crop fields, loss of fertile soil, and wind-blown damage to vulnerable crops, among others (IPCC 2007(IPCC , 2022Leal Filho et al. 2021b, c). ...
This research investigated the Indigenous knowledge of artisanal fisherfolks in Ondo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used. Two coastal communities (Aiyetoro and Igbobini) and two riverine inland communities (Ogbese and Owena) were purposefully selected because of extensive fishing activities in the region. Fifty respondents were randomly chosen from each fishing community and interviewed using a structured questionnaire and interview schedule. A total of two hundred respondents provided information on matters related to climate change adaptation. All respondents (85% male; 63% married) were literate and answered questions based on their geographical locations and personal experiences. The results revealed a high awareness of climate change among the respondents. The results also revealed that the methods of adapting to climate change vary across the communities and are informed by local Indigenous knowledge and practices. The impacts of climate change were most acutely felt by the communities via adverse effects on their fishing business. Some fisherfolk indicated using “spiritual approaches” and “prayers” to adapt to the effects of climate change. Outlining unique Indigenous perceptions and perspectives, this mixed methods study presents Indigenous practices of adapting to climate change, along with arising opportunities for further scientific research.KeywordsNigeriaIndigenous knowledgeArtisanalFisherfolksClimate change adaptation
... In order to determine level of pollution and identify polluted sites of water samples, the ecological hazard quotient (EHQ), and comprehensive pollution index (CPI) were employed in this study similar to previous works [20][21][22]. EHQ and CPI are two of the simplest water pollution indices used in the analysis of degree of pollution with single numeric values. While EHQ is a single factor evaluation index used to assess the degree of water pollution due to TPHC and has two broad categorizations of degree of pollution [20], CPI is applied to assess the overall status of water pollution and classifies surface water quality into five levels of degree of pollution [21,22]. ...
... EHQ and CPI are two of the simplest water pollution indices used in the analysis of degree of pollution with single numeric values. While EHQ is a single factor evaluation index used to assess the degree of water pollution due to TPHC and has two broad categorizations of degree of pollution [20], CPI is applied to assess the overall status of water pollution and classifies surface water quality into five levels of degree of pollution [21,22]. In this study, EHQ was therefore used to assess river water pollution by TPHC while CPI was used to assess the totality of the irrigation water quality with respect to salinity, sodicity, and permeability hazard potentials as well as the specific toxicity hazard potentials of TPHC and heavy metals. ...
... In this work, the upper limits of 250µS/cm for EC, 10 for SAR and 75 for PI for the highest ( 1 − 1) irrigation water quality classification as described in Table 2 were used. Pollution indices values obtained were interpreted against the standard interpretation as presented in previous works [20][21][22] and displayed in Table 3. ...
Poor irrigation water quality due to oil spillage on surface water can result in food insecurity, health and economic challenges. This paper investigated the effect of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHC) and lead (Pb) on irrigation water quality in the oil spill prone area of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Water samples were taken from five different sections labelled A, B, C, D, and E along the Choba River, in Rivers State, Nigeria. Sections B, C, D and E were direct industrial effluent discharge points while section A was without direct industrial effluent discharge. Standard methods were employed in the water sampling and analysis. Suitability of Choba river water for irrigation was assessed by comprehensive pollution index (CPI) that incorporated salinity, sodicity, and permeability hazard potentials as well as the specific toxicity hazard potentials of TPHC and Pb. Results showed that all primary water parameters except pH were within the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines. The pH was low, ranging between 4.48 and 5.6. TPHC values for four out of the five samples were greater than the 10mg/l guideline as recommended by the Directorate of Petroleum Resources for surface water. TPHC for the four samples ranged between 14.52 and 174.32mg/l. The parameters with the most impact on CPI include EC, PI and TPHC with TPHC having the most impact. Water samples from sections A, B and E with CPI values 0.14, 0.37, and 0.8 respectively were classified in the clean, sub clean and slightly polluted categories respectively, while water samples from sections C and D with CPI values greater than 1 range from moderately to heavily polluted and not suitable for agricultural irrigation. Only water sample A was found suitable for irrigation.
... Thus, many recent studies described the spatial and seasonal distribution of TPHs in marine sediment of different areas worldwide (Silva et al. 2014;Zhao et al. 2015;Adeniji et al. 2017;Kamalakannan et al. 2017;Kim et al. 2018;Li et al. 2019). Since TPHs settled in the sediment can re-enter the overlying water and result in the second contamination (Liu et al. 2012;Yin et al. 2015), several studies have investigated the pollution status of TPHs in seawater (Li et al. 2010;Veerasingam et al. 2011a;Ansari et al. 2012;Zhao et al. 2015;Adeniji et al. 2017;Akinola et al. 2019). More importantly, the occurrence of TPHs in the coastal environment has received special attention not only because of their potential ecological impacts but also because of the concern for seafood safety. ...
... In aquatic environments, because of the low water solubility and hydrophobic properties, hydrocarbons are commonly found to be transported to the marine biota from the surrounding matrix (Chouksey et al. 2004;Venkatachalapathy et al. 2011). The BAFs of TPHs in brackish water white shrimp Nematopalaemon hastatus from the coastal waters of Ondo state, Nigeria, ranged between 502.45 and 965.04, which were below the standard limit of 1000 (Akinola et al. 2019). Several studies have confirmed that, as filter-feeding organisms and sediment-dwellers, bivalves especially mussels showed extremely high bioaccumulation capability for marine contaminants (Usero et al. 2005;Wang et al. 2008;Beyer et al. 2017;Nour 2020;Yuan et al. 2020). ...
... . The TPH concentrations in majority of the water samples were under the standard value for Class I of the Sea Water Quality Standard of China(GB 3097-1997) (50 µg/L), with values from 15 of 62 sites exceeding this standard. The overall mean concentration of TPHs in seawater of the eastern sea area of Shandong Peninsula was higher than that of Orissa coast, Bay of Bengal (India)(Ansari el al., 2012) and Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal (India)(Veerasingam et al. 2011a), but lower than that detected in Pearl River Delta (China)(Zhao et al. 2015), Bohai Bay (China)(Li et al. 2010), Algoa Bay (South Africa)(Adeniji et al. 2017), and coastal waters of Ondo State (Nigeria)(Akinola et al. 2019) ( ...
To investigate the occurrence and partition of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), sediment, seawater, and biota of the eastern sea area of Shandong Peninsula (China) were sampled in 2016. Due to shipping activities and discharge of industrial wastes, the TPH levels in the sediment decreased from the coastal areas to the offshore area. Waterborne TPH concentrations showed a decreasing order of autumn > summer > spring > winter, probably caused by low input of pollutants from the river into the ocean in dry seasons and frequent aquaculture operations in wet seasons. The distribution coefficient (logKd) between sediment and seawater ranged from 2.00 to 5.05, suggesting that TPHs are preferentially retained by the sediment. Significant positive correlations between logKd and total organic carbon (TOC), mud (fine particles), and temperature, as well as negative correlations between logKd and dissolved oxygen (DO), hydrogen ion concentration (pH), and oxidation–reduction potential (Eh), suggest interactions between environmental behaviors of TPHs and physicochemical factors. Mean bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of TPHs in fish, shrimps, and mollusks were determined to be 240 ± 200, 900 ± 1800, and 2630 ± 1280, respectively, suggesting that considerable bioaccumulation occurs in shrimps when TPHs are transported from the seawater to the shrimps. A negative linear correlation between logTPHs and trophic level indicated biodilution of TPHs along the marine food web. This is the first study that has focused on the accumulation of TPHs in the entire sediment–seawater-biota system.
... However, precaution should be considered regarding the health effects of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) that might contain various amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). In the aquatic environment, TPH is considered as toxic subtance to the fishes and other organisms since they might be accumulated by living organisms (Akinola et al. 2019). The accumulated toxics can enter the consumers' bodies leaving various health effects (Oyibo et al. 2018). ...
The oil industry is one of the causes of environmental pollution by oil spills due to drilling and extraction. In case of oil leakage from oil wells to soil and then groundwater, it leads to the movement of pollutants and the spread of pollution by groundwater. In the study area, due to the existence of two oil fields, Qaleh Nar and Balaroud, upstream of Dez Dam and their inclined slope towards Dez Dam Lake, the possibility of spreading oil pollutants through groundwater to Dez Dam was investigated and the development of new risk assessment method was also performed. Water samples from groundwater and Dez dam reservoir were analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration. A Gas Chromatograph (GC-FID) was used to measure the concentration of TPH in samples. The probability of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases has been assessed according to the EPA standard. The results revealed non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) in groundwater and in Dez reservoir respectively with the highest C10 values of 38.54 μg/ml and 1.9 μg/ml. The new equation was formulated with the factor of importance and C10 was taken as the most important pollutant. The results of new method (HRA) indicated non-carcinogenic risk for C10 was highest in groundwater (well: 20.7, spring 1:22.5, spring 2:8.4, and spring 3:7.09 μg/ml) and dam reservoir in sample C (1.1 μg/ml), exceeding the safety limit of 0.6 (in the new formula). This study confirmed the entry of TPH into the reservoir of Dez Dam through groundwater and the risk of non-carcinogenic diseases.
... The coastal marine waters of Nigeria have been adduced to be areas of high biodiversity of aquatic species with the composition, distribution, abundance and growth widely linked to numerous ecological factors. Several authors [7][8][9][10][11][12] have worked on decapods in the coastal marine waters of Ondo State, Nigeria and reported the overall wellbeing of the species as well as the level of pollution in the environment. The authors strongly suggested the need to examine the ecomorphology of decapods in the coastal environment in order to determine the effecsof the environment on the growth and well-being of the crustaceans. ...
The relationship among the morphology, population of crustaceans and water quality of the coastal marine waters of Ondo State, Nigeria, was assessed in order to accentuate the sustainability of biodiversity in the coasts. Standard methods were employed to identify and examine the effect of the environment on the crustaceans. The DO (7.58 mg/l), temperature (29.53°C), pH (6.69), turbidity (44.03NTU), salin-ity (16.48‰), hardness (85.88 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (21.22 mg/l) and conductivity (41.55 μSc m −1). The population structure of decapod crustaceans follows the order Nematopalaemon hastatus > Farfantepenaeus notialis > Holthuispe-naeopsis atlantica > Macrobrachium macrobrachion > Sanquerus validus > Ocypode africana > Callinectes marginatus. The sampled organisms (F. notialis, M. macrobrachion, N. hastatus and Holthuispenaeopsis atlantica) had mean total length (cm) (9.41 ± 1.62, 7.14 ± 0.77, 6.69 ± 0.81 and 11.78 ± 0.60) and body weight (g) of (3.21 ± 1.63, 2.37 ± 0.79, 1.34 ± 0.56 and 6.72 ± 0.47 g), respectively. C. marginatus, Ocypode africana and Sanquerus validus had a mean carapace length (cm) of 5.50 ± 0.71, 4.83 ± 1.27 and 8.31 ± 3.50, respectively, and mean body weight (g) of 4.69 ± 0.95, 3.41 ± 4.72 and 66.21 ± 50.45, respectively. PCA revealed strong correlation among BOD, DO and the morphological parameters of each species. Also, Single Factor and Comprehensive Pollution Indices revealed a slightly and moderately polluted aquatic ecosystem, respectively. Thus, adequate control of all activities in the ecosystem for healthy growth and survival of aquatic species is essential.
... and Zn are highly toxic and harmful metals to the aquatic ecosystem with their accumulation resulting in the deterioration of the ecological balance of the water body. The high ERQ of the metals observed in both species can result in a reduction in the distribution, composition and dominance of aquatic organisms, changes of aquatic species diversity, biological habitats and entire aquatic ecosystems 19,20 . Also, alterations in the physiological features, biological functions and activities are often experienced. ...
The concentration of nine heavy metals in Oreochromis niloticus and Ipomoea aquatica inhabiting Agodi reservoir, Oyo State, Nigeria were investigated for twelve months. The concentrations of the metals were carried out using PG990 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The Ecological Risk Quotient (ERQ) was calculated using standard methods while the tolerability was determined with Box Plot analysis. The metal bioaccumulation in O. niloticus and I. aquatica followed the order Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > Co > Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni and Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Co > Cr > Ni respectively. The results revealed O. niloticus to bioaccumulate the metals more than I. aquatica. Most of the examined metals were higher than the safety limit for the metals concentration in O. niloticus and I. aquatica . Also, I. aquatica had higher tolerability for heavy metals than O. niloticus. In O. niloticus , metal concentration, as well as ERQ, was higher in the wet season while no particular order was observed for I. aquatica. The ERQ result revealed that Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb exhibited a high level of ecological risk to both the aquatic flora and fauna as the ERQ values were above the risk limit of one (1). Thus, there is a significant environmental risk associated with heavy metals in the water body.
... The quest for development has been one of the major reasons why humans in one way or the other pollute the environment. Metal pollution of bodies such as rivers, soil, air, and water has been a concern and an issue in many industrialized countries throughout the world due to human activities and natural processes that have resulted in environmental deterioration [3][4][5]. ...
The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Pb and Ni) in topsoil samples around Obajana Cement Plc was determined to assess the impact of cement dust emitted from the factory environment. The analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Samples of the topsoil were collected from the factory at various distance points. The control was collected from a sparsely populated area which is 15 km away from the factory. The pH of the soils ranges from 6.18 to 8.43 against a controlled pH of 6.11. The EC level decreases with increasing distances from the factory. The soils of all the studied sites have very low silt content and a high sand content. There was significant decrease in Cr, Cu and Cd with an increase in the distance from the cement factory. The concentrations of the metals at each point were below the WHO standard of the individual metal in the soil.
... The BAF in crab tissues was calculated by using the equation below (Akinola et al. 2019). ...
The history of human civilization has witnessed a strong and rapid transformation pattern in the coastal environment. It harbors a prominent transition zone of land and sea that plays a significant part in the socioeconomic and environmental aspects. Due to tremendous pressure from anthropogenic perturbations manifested by coastal squeeze, it’s protection and conservation become substantial. 5.04% of the mangrove land has been converted to aquaculture land between 1988 and 2013. Present mangrove loss is 35% which is supposed to reach 60% by 2030. Human activities increase the chances of exposure of coastal waters to effluents (organic and inorganic) released from the industrial and urban components which accelerate the metals and nutrient pollution, eutrophication, and oxygen depletion. This tends to alter ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical processes with serious impacts on the biota. Pichavaram shows an increase in nitrate from 5.9 mg/l in 1995 to 29.9 mg/l in 2006–2007. In Sundarbans it increases from 1.14 mg/l in 2001 to 3.69 mg/l in 2006 and in Godavari from 0.61 mg/l in 2001 to 2.25 mg/l in 2016. The phosphate values increase from 0.28 mg/l in 1995 to 6.6 mg/l in 2006 in Pichavaram mangroves. Manori creek, Mumbai, shows hike in phosphate in past 25 years. The value increases from 0.06 mg/l in 1982 to 2.19 mg/l in 2007. A consistent increase in heavy metal content has been observed in Sundarban, Pichavaram, and Goa mangroves. Thus, the resultant surge of heavy metals and nutrient pollutants indicates growth of fallow land, agricultural, and aquaculture activities and industrial pollution. This chapter has been constructed to discuss a holistic view of the major drivers of coastal mangrove ecosystem degradation by reviewing the case studies to highlight the past changes and present trends of human activities through industrialization and urbanization. We evaluate the impact of these human influences on the mangrove ecosystem, with an approach to emphasize the crucial role of mangroves, both in terms of quality and quantity, and the absolute need to conserve their future.
