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Resistance exercise is the performance of physical exercises designed to improve strength, muscular, endurance, hypertrophy, and neuromuscular efficiency with the use of weights (Braith & Stewart, 2006)[1]. Resistance exercise has long been utilized for its beneficial health qualities and propensity to elicit certain desired physiological changes (...
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... AMRAP @85% AMRAP @85% AMRAP @85% AMRAP @85% AMRAP @85% AMRAP @85% 10 @50% 10 @50% 10 @50% 10 @50% 10 @50% 10 @50% 6@75% 6@75% 6@75% 6@75% 6@75% 6@75% AMRAP @85% AMRAP @85% AMRAP @85% AMRAP @85% AMRAP @85% AMRAP @85% Continued progression through this protocol with modifications to resistance includes potential improved running speed, explosive power potential, and other anaerobic sport performance factors, as well as enhanced neuromuscular efficiency associated with increased prime mover force production capabilities (Conley & Pennington, 2022). Each athlete performed the 300yard shuttle test outdoors on the grass field, a vertical jump assessment using a Vertec (Sports Imports, Columbus, OH), and an agility T-test on an indoor court with timing by two technicians holding stopwatches. ...
Due to a limited number of informative articles available on collegiate rodeo and its athletes, this work aimed to examine the relationship between anthropometric measurements and the physical fitness of rodeo athletes to add to the limited literature focused on the physical profile of rodeo athletes. Within the protocol of university IRB guidelines, 14 (20.86 ± 1.17 years; 178.2 ± 7.85 cm; 86.48 ± 21.39 Kg) male rodeo athletes at a division I school located in the Southwest United States participated in two consecutive six-week resistance training programs. Anthropometric data and fitness performance data from each participating athlete were gathered. The following data were collected: body fat percentage, lean body mass (LBM), vertical jump height, T-test, 300-yard shuttle times, barbell back squat, bench press, trap bar deadlift one repetition maximums (1RMs), single-hand reaction time, and multi-hand reaction time. Research methods included exploratory analysis-including means and standard deviations-to enable a correlational analysis. Descriptive data analysis revealed that the trap bar deadlift 1RM had a significant relationship with the bench press 1RM (r=0.874, p=0.005) and back squat 1RM (r=0.938, p=0.002). Due to limited experience performing resistance training, 1RM performances were possibly based on increased neuromuscular efficiencies-i.e., a 'learning effect.' This study offers new and unique information about the modern rodeo athlete, which can help exercise science practitioners design more efficient training programs.
... The importance of resistance training (Conley & Pennington, 2022;Pennington, 2020) cardiovascular fitness (Pennington, 2015;2016), and anaerobic power (Pennington, 2014) cannot be overstated for individuals enlisted in our country's armed forces. The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is the new branch wide fitness test designed to replace the outdated Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) (USAPHC TG 358, n.d.). ...
... Thus, there is limited information regarding the relationship between physical fitness and performance in individuals outside of sport performance (Pennington, Cicone, Holmes, Fedewa, Sinelnikov & Esco, 2017). The importance of resistance training (Conley & Pennington, 2022;Pennington, 2020), cardiovascular fitness (Pennington, 2015;2016), and anaerobic power (Pennington, 2014) cannot be overstated for individuals enlisted in our country's armed forces. Similarly, aerobic fitness is an important metric to consider regarding fitness performance. ...
The importance of resistance training (Conley & Pennington, 2022; Pennington, 2020) cardiovascular fitness (Pennington, 2015; 2016), and anaerobic power (Pennington, 2014) cannot be overstated for individuals enlisted in our country's armed forces. The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is the new branch wide fitness test designed to replace the outdated Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) (USAPHC TG 358, n.d.). The APFT was implemented in 1980 as the measure of Service Member (SM) fitness. However, this test is very limited in scope and failed to tell unit commanders how ready their SMs were for the rigors of a combat environment (US Army ACFT Field Testing Manual, n.d.). The APFT was a gender-based test that consisted of three events: a two-minute pushup evaluation to measure upper body endurance. The second event was a two-minute sit up evaluation to measure core and hip flexor endurance. While the final evaluation was a two-mile timed run, which was designed to test aerobic endurance and leg endurance. This test was simple to set up and administer but, it was not a good metric to judge SM's actual fitness in a combat environment. If a SM had good endurance than he or she would max the test with ease. This is not a complete reflection of what is required in a combat environment. In a combat environment the SM will be loaded down with a rifle, helmet, rucksack, plate carrier, water, and ammo which often exceeds 80 pounds. The new ACFT which is still being implemented into the forces as of the writing of this paper is a much better test as it has more events to it which measure soldier strength and ability to move while under load.
... The academic field of coaching philosophy is a well-documented area of study in athletics and sport pedagogy scholarship (Harmon, et al., 2019;Evans, et al., 2021;Amado, et al., 2021). Among the numerous areas of scholarship for coaching improvement are foci of increasing athletes' sports performance (Esser & Pennington, 2018;Conley & Pennington, 2022), improving athletes' sports nutrition practice (Pennington, 2018a), enhancing sleep for athletic performance (Pennington, 2018b), and even the social development of student-athletes (Pennington & Sinelnikov, 2018). It is perhaps somewhat unsurprising -given the energy devoted to 'the quest for perfection' -that student-athletes instinctively feel the intensity surrounding their productivity and success. ...
With numerous unique physical, mental, psychological, and emotional challenges associated with being a university-level student-athlete, it can be assumed that student-athletes may be at great risk of mental health conditions such as burnout. Burnout results from the interaction of three different elements: physical or emotional exhaustion, sport devaluation, and reduced athletic accomplishment. This study sought to answer the following research questions: (1) Why do student-athletes experience burnout in their sport?, and (2) What can be done to avoid burnout? using standard qualitative interviewing techniques of a Division I Women’s Soccer coach. There were two prominent themes answering research question 1: Perfection and Performative Social Media and It’s a Job and Coach is the Boss. There were three prominent themes identified answering research question 2: Parental Influence, De-Professionalize Amateur Sport, and Value Athletes’ Time. Where this work differs from other qualitative studies regarding athlete burnout, is that it explores the perceptions and opinions of a coach. The coach interviewed for this study clearly expressed concerns for his student-athletes and their holistic well-being. In addition to a continuation of scholarship through the student-athletes lens, more research conducted exploring the perspectives of coaches, parents, and institutional administrators in pursuit of solutions to mitigating the effect of burnout on student-athletes is of value.
... Table 1 represents a comprehensive overview of the PEAP renovation (see below). As discussed, the benefits of physical activity are immense and indisputable: physical activity influences and effects essential aspects of human development, learning, and lifespan (Conley & Pennington, 2022;Pennington, Shiver, McEntyre, & Brock, 2022;Pennington, 2021). However, the inclusion of PEAP courses within the college setting, in this case the university undergraduate core curriculum, a critical developmental and learning stage of life, is highly disregarded and viewed as unnecessary (Bourke et al., 2009). ...
Physical activity is a primary focus, essential aspect, and significant contributing factor of a healthy human lifespan; however, among the top 25 ranked research institution, only nine university required physical education in the core curriculum (36%). Of the top 25 liberal arts institutes, 17 (68%) include physical education within the core, but the general requirements were appallingly and limited to simply passing a swim test and/or enrolling in one or two physical education courses. Nevertheless, there limited incorporation of physical education, which illuminates an issue of ignorance towards the benefits of physical education and physical activity in higher education. The purpose of this paper is to describe the reimagination of activity courses taught at one midsized state university in Texas. The following agenda and goals were set: a complete overhaul of the activity program with the purpose of increasing enrollment and fitness levels of students at said university.
