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Background:
Mexican immigrants in the United States suffer from poor oral health. The objective of the current study was to explore the utility of applying theory-based factors associated with seeking preventive dental care in a sample of Mexican American adults.
Methods:
Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey of a sample of 157 peopl...
Citations
... La asistencia a la consulta dental se ve afectada por factores como: Edad, sexo, acceso a la atención dental, nivel educativo, socioeconómico, seguro médico, necesidad de atención percibida, costo del tratamiento y ansiedad dental (Macy et al., 2018;Nayee et al., 2015). Comprender por qué las personas no buscan atención dental regular es un requisito esencial para desarrollar intervenciones, políticas de salud efectivas para reducir las desigualdades de salud bucal en cualquier población (Jönsson et al., 2020). ...
La prevención es la medida más efectiva para prevenir las enfermedades bucodentales. La asistencia a la consulta dental es el pilar para disminuirlas. Objetivo: Identificar los factores que determinan la asistencia a consulta dental en maestros, alumnos, personal administrativo y empleados de la Universidad de Ixtlahuaca. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, los criterios de inclusión fueron maestros de áreas no relacionadas a ciencias de la salud, alumnos, personal administrativo y empleados de la Universidad de Ixtlahuaca. Se diseñó un cuestionario conformado por 47 reactivos. Los factores explorados fueron: Nivel educativo y socioeconómico; necesidad de atención; tipo de asistencia; acceso a la atención; y ansiedad dental. Resultados: El 30.6% de los encuestados reportó asistir a consulta odontológica. Las personas que solicitaron consulta dental (preventiva, urgencia, restauradora) presentaron mayor necesidad de atención percibida, acceso a la consulta dental y ansiedad por la misma en comparación con aquellos que no asistieron a consulta dental. Conclusiones: Los factores que determinan la asistencia a la consulta dental son la edad, el sexo, el nivel educativo, nivel socioeconómico y la ansiedad durante la consulta. La consulta por urgencia fue la de mayor solicitud.
... The questionnaire was derived from a previously published study that was valid and reliable. [16] Based on backward forward translation, the English questionnaire was translated into Arabic. The questionnaire was composed of six sections. ...
... [19] A similar study on Mexican immigrants revealed that self-efficacy is the most favorable factor that affects their dental care-seeking intentions. [16] Therefore, it is believed that a high level of self-efficacy is also important for adults to improve their intention to seek preventive dental care. According to researchers, individuals who can improve their self-efficacy through knowledge enhancement are more likely to perform better in their oral health and would be more likely to seek preventive treatment. ...
... Another study revealed that perceived norms do not influence Mexican immigrants' intentions to seek preventive care. [16] The inconsistency in the findings of these studies might be because the subjects differed sociodemographically. For example, in the Middle East, people tend to sustain strong family bonds compared to Western countries. ...
Objective:
The objective of this study was to test an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) that includes attitudes, subjective norms and self-efficacy, sociodemographic variables, dental beliefs and insurance on the intention to seek preventive dental care among adults in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Materials and methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 397 Saudi adults living in Makkah. Data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the various factors that affect the likelihood of people seeking dental care.
Results:
The results of the study revealed that perceived norms (estimate = 0.14; P = 0.004) and self-efficacy (estimate = 0.22; P < 0.001) were associated with the likelihood of people getting preventive dental care. However, attitudes showed no effect on the likelihood of people seeking dental care. The study also explained that the relationship between the beliefs of people and the intention to receive preventive care was moderated by subjective norms and perceived behavioral control (indirect effect t = 0.089, P < 0.001).
Conclusion:
The study's results revealed that an integrative model of behavior prediction could be used to design effective interventions and strategies to enhance the likelihood of individuals seeking preventive dental care. In particular, these strategies should focus on enhancing subjective norms and self-efficacy.
... Most previous studies on TRA had been conducted mostly for behavior prediction than behavior modification. [32,33] For instance, a meta-analysis of the roles of TRA and the theory of planned behavior in the prediction of the intention to use condoms showed that TRA components had good predictive value while the theory of planned behavior did not have good predictive value in relation to the condom use behavior. [18] Another study showed that all components of TRA were significant predictors of drug abuse among women of reproductive age. ...
BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases are a major health problem in all countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common viral sexually transmitted disease in both genders. High-risk sexual behaviors (HRSBs) are among the major risk factors for HPV infection. Lack of knowledge can contribute to HRSBs and hence, education can potentially reduce HRSB risk. This is a study using theory of reasoned action to reduce the high-risk sexual behaviors among patients with HPV.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a two-grouped, randomized, controlled trial. The educational program was developed based on the results of a survey into the most important components of the theory of reasoned action contributing to HRSBs among 100 patients recruited from Razi hospital, Tehran, Iran. Then, 110 patients from the same hospital were consecutively recruited and randomly allocated to a control (n = 55) and an intervention (n = 55) group. Then, each participant in the intervention group was provided with the developed educational program. Their counterparts in the control group solely received routine care services. Three months after the first educational session, HRSBs were reassessed in both groups. Data were analyzed via the SPSS software (v. 21.0).
RESULTS: After the intervention, the mean score of HRSBs significantly decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.001) but did not significantly change in the control group (P = 0.70). The post-test mean score of HRSBs in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group (P = 0.015).
CONCLUSION: Education based on the theory of reasoned action is effective in significantly reducing HRSBs. Nurses can develop and use educational interventions based on this theory to reduce HRSBs and HPV infection.
... The study had some limitations. It did not assess other known factors that may affect the utilization of dental services such as dental health beliefs and dental fear [66][67][68], and contextual factors such as community factors and amount and distribution of health care services [29,32]. The study used a crude outcome measure to assess the utilization of dental services (Yes/No) with no regard for the reason of seeking dental care or information captured about utilization of private of government dental services. ...
Abstract Background This study used the Anderson Behavioral Model to assess the socioeconomic inequalities in dental services utilization among adults in Saudi Arabia, along with other predictors of utilization, to inform future planning of dental care services. Methods This cross-sectional study was a secondary analysis using national data from the 2019 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia World Health Survey (KSAWHS). The survey consisted of two interviewer-administered questionnaires: one household and one individual interview. The questions covered predisposing factors (age, gender, marital status, nationality, education, employment), enabling factors (income, household wealth, area-based socioeconomic class, health insurance, eligibility for free governmental health care, transportation and region of residence) and self-reported need for dental treatment. The main outcome was dental utilization in the past year; predisposing, enabling and need factors were independent variables. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses identified significant predictors of dental utilization, applying survey weights to adjust for the complex survey design. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p values were reported in the final model. Results The final dataset included 8535 adults (response rate = 95.4%). Twenty percent of adults had visited the dentist at least once in the past year (95% CI 18–21%). There were socioeconomic inequalities in dental utilization. High household income (OR 1.43, p = 0.043), second and middle household wealth status (OR 1.51, p = 0.003 and OR 1.57, p = 0.006) and access to free governmental health care (OR 2.05, p = 0.004) were significant predictors in the final regression model along with perceived need for dental treatment (OR 52.09, p
... The study had some limitations. This study did not assess other known factors that may affect the utilization of dental services such as dental health beliefs and dental fear [44][45][46], and contextual factors such as community factors and amount and distribution of health care services [16,17]. The study used a crude outcome measure to assess the utilization of dental services (Yes/No) with no regard for the reason of seeking dental care. ...
Background
This study used the Anderson Behavioral Model to assess the socioeconomic inequalities in dental services utilization among adults in Saudi Arabia, along with other predictors of utilization, to inform future planning of dental care services.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we conducted secondary analysis using national data from the 2019 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia World Health Survey (KSAWHS). The survey consisted of two interviewer-administered questionnaires, one for the household and one individual interview. The questionnaires included questions covering predisposing factors (age, gender, marital status, nationality, education, employment), enabling factors (income, household wealth, area-based socioeconomic class, health insurance, eligibility for free governmental health care, transportation and region of residence) and self-reported need for dental treatment. The main outcome was dental utilization. The independent variables were the predisposing, enabling and need factors. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses identified significant predictors of dental utilization, applying survey weights to adjust for the complex survey design. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p values were reported in the final model.
Results
The final dataset included 8,535 adults (response rate = 95.4%). Twenty percent of adults visited the dentist at least once in the past year (95%CI: 18% -21%). The socioeconomic factors associated with the higher likelihood of dental service utilization in the final fully adjusted model were high household income (OR = 1.43, p = 0.043), second and middle household wealth status (OR = 1.51, p = 0.003 and OR = 1.57, p = 0.006) and access to free governmental health care (OR = 2.05, p = 0.004). In addition to self-reported oral problems (OR= 52.09, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Socioeconomic inequalities in the utilization of dental services exist in Saudi Arabia. The main driver of dental services utilization in adults was the need for treatment suggesting predominantly symptomatic attendance. Increasing awareness about the importance of preventive dental visits rather than symptomatic attendance could be an important policy implication to improve oral health and optimize dental care expenditure. Further research should explore the drivers for adults to seek preventive care in the absence of any recognized dental problems.
... Our findings also showed the positive effects of TRA-based HRSB-related education on HRSBs among patients with HPV infection. Most previous studies on TRA had been conducted mostly for behavior prediction than behavior modification (52)(53)(54)(55). For instance, a meta-analysis into the roles of TRA and the Theory of Planned Behavior in the prediction of the intention to use condom showed that TRA components had good predictive value while the Theory of Planned Behavior did not have good predictive value in relation to the condom use behavior (34). ...
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases are a major health problem in all countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common viral sexually transmitted disease in both genders. High-risk sexual behaviors (HRSBs) are among the major risk factors for HPV infection. Lack of knowledge can contribute to HRSBs and hence, education can potentially reduce HRSB risk. This study evaluated the effects of an educational program based on the Theory of Reasoned Action on HRSBs among patients with HPV.
Methods: This two-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2017-2018. The educational program was developed based on the results of a survey into the most important components of the Theory of Reasoned Action contributing to HRSBs among 100 patients recruited from Razi hospital, Tehran, Iran. Then, 110 patients from the same hospital were consecutively recruited and randomly allocated to a control (n = 55) and an intervention (n = 55) group and all of them completed a demographic questionnaire and the Sexual Risk Scale. Then, each participant in the intervention group was provided with the developed educational program which consisted of two face-to-face educational sessions in the first and the thirtieth days of the intervention, an educational booklet, and biweekly follow-up telephone contacts. Their counterparts in the control group solely received routine care services. Three months after the first educational session, HRSBs were reassessed in both groups.
Results: There were no significant between-group differences respecting participants’ baseline characteristics and mean score of HRSBs (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mean score of HRSBs significantly decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.001) but did not significantly change in the control group (P = 0.70). The posttest mean score of HRSBs in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group (P = 0.015).
Conclusion: Education based on the Theory of Reasoned Action is effective in significantly reducing HRSBs among patients with HPV infection. Nurses can develop and use educational interventions based on this theory to reduce HRSBs and HPV infection. Trial registration: IRCT2016121831453N1 (8 Oct 2017) Keywords: Theory of Reasoned Action, High-risk sexual behaviors, Human papillomavirus
Objectives
To determine the patterns and time trends of dental services received and access to dental care among immigrant and US‐born children living in the United States.
Methods
We analyzed the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Survey data for 2007–2015. Survey weighted mean and frequency were calculated for all the years and for each year for the complete cohort and for the four subgroups of children categorized based on the child's and parents' birthplace (United States or Foreign). These groups were compared to detect differences in dental service received.
Results
Overall 34,482 children aged <18 years were included in the analysis representing the weighted sample size of 564,255,643. Utilization of preventive dental services increased from 37.2 percent in 2007 to 44.4 percent in 2015 overall (P < 0.0001), with similar trend seen within all subgroups. Immigrant children compared to US‐born children had higher numbers of surgical and restorative procedures (17 versus 16 per 100‐person years, P = 0.03), fewer had at least one preventive dental visit in a year (32.8 percent versus 43.0 percent, P < 0.0001) and were less likely be unable to access dental care (3.0 percent versus 1.7 percent, P = 0.005). Fewer children had delayed access to dental care in recent years (2.0 percent in 2007 to 1.5 percent in 2015) and the decline was consistent in all the subgroups.
Conclusion
Stratification into the different subgroups allowed for improved understanding of dental procedure utilization and dental services utilization in all subgroups increased over time. Immigrant children had lower utilization of preventive procedures and higher utilization of surgical and restorative procedures.
