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The purpose of this study is to investigate drug release mechanisms on the novel pre-synthesized magnetic nano-composite-based polyurethane matrices and develop a kind of appropriate model to forecast quantitatively targeted drug delivery for in vitro breast cancer therapy. A newly presented analytical instrument, ion mobility spectrometry, was use...
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... Different factors such as size of the NPs, their shape, porosity, crystallinity, surfactants, polymer-coating, the drug itself and the process of drug-loading affect the release kinetics. The drug releases in various ways such as burst release, extended release, controlled release, delayed release and sustained release [39]. The rst 60% of the release curve obtained is employed for the statistical analysis which tells about the mechanism governing the drug-release pattern. ...
Study presents a facile synthesis strategy for magnetic field-responsive PEGylated iron-supplement-coated rutile TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) for stimuli-responsive drug delivery. Imatinib, an anticancer drug, was successfully loaded onto the NPs, and its in-vitro release was investigated under different pH conditions. XRD analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of PEGylated iron supplement-coated rutile titania NPs. HR-TEM studies revealed increased NP size due to coating, PEGylation, and drug-loading. FTIR spectra confirmed the drug loading onto the NPs, while DLS provided hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index, indicating appropriate NP synthesis. The PEGylated NPs exhibited negative Zeta Potential, indicating high stability. In-vitro drug-release studies demonstrated controlled release with maximum efficiency under acidic conditions. Hemolysis assay confirmed the safety and biocompatibility of PEGylated NPs. All drug-loaded nanoformulations followed the Peppas-Sahlin model, suggesting Fickian diffusion and Case II relaxation mechanism of drug release. These NPs have potential for targeted delivery and controlled release of chemotherapeutics, minimizing side effects.
... The model can be used for a variety of drug delivery systems, including skin systems, slowrelease matrices, osmotic systems, and coated systems. Equation (6) shows the relationship between time and the amount of drug released in this model [81]: ...
Today, cancer treatment is an important issue in the medical world due to the challenges and side effects of ongoing treatment procedures. Current methods can be replaced with targeted nano-drug delivery systems to overcome such side effects. In the present work, an intelligent nano-system consisting of Chitosan (Ch)/Gamma alumina (γAl)/Fe3O4 and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was synthesized and designed for the first time in order to influence the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line in the treatment of breast cancer. Physico-chemical characterization of the nanocarriers was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM analysis revealed smooth and homogeneous spherical nanoparticles. The high stability of the nanoparticles and their narrow size distribution was confirmed by DLS. The results of the loading study demonstrated that these nano-systems cause controlled, stable, and pH-sensitive release in cancerous environments with an inactive targeting mechanism. Finally, the results of MTT and flow cytometry tests indicated that this nano-system increased the rate of apoptosis induction on cancerous masses and could be an effective alternative to current treatments.
... • Higuchi kinetics [16,19]: ...
In this study, we used a novel pH-responsive polyvinyl alcohol/Arabic gum/magnesium oxide (PVA/AG/MgO nanobiocomposite) as an oral colon targeted delivery system for doxorubicin (DOX). Effect of different contents of PVA, AG and MgO NPs on drug loading efficiency, release behavior and kinetics of the prepared nanobiocomposite were investigated. A high loading efficiency of 82% was observed at 3 mg PVA,3 mg AG, and 6 mg MgO nanoparticles. The drug release from this nanobiocomposite was excellent pH-sensitive. The cumulative drug release could reach 90% in the simulated colonic environment (pH 7.4) within 10 h while lower than 10% of drug released in the simulated gastric environment (pH 1.2) at 2 h. In vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed that the PVA/AG/MgO nanobiocomposite was highly biocompatible. This study confirmed that novel PVA/AG/MgO nanobiocomposite has excellent potential for oral pH-sensitive delivery of drugs for the treatment of colon cancer and other colon diseases.
... It is due to the presence of lactic acid, which starts due to inefficient consumption of glucose [74]. On the other hand, the pH in an extracellular matrix or bloodstream is natural (pH = 7) [75]. This difference in pH offers to fabricate functionalized nanoparticles as a pH-sensitive trigger for drug delivery applications. ...
... The drug release mechanisms evaluate with different models, such as zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Hixson-Crowell. A detailed explanation of these five mathematical models to investigate drug release kinetic on in-vitro release data was reported by Jafari et al. [75]. The best mathematical model with a high correlation coefficient determines the suitable mathematical model and confirms drug release kinetics. ...
... • Doxorubicin hydrochloride and Methotrexate drugs load on magnetite nanoparticles based on polyurethane matrices. The best fitting for the drug's release was the Higuchi kinetic model [75]. ...
Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, whose treatment often involves chemotherapy. In a conventional therapy, drug is transported (and usually absorbed) across biological membranes through diffusion and systemic transport. The pathway that medicine must travel before reaching the desired location, can bring adverse or unwanted effects, which are mainly the result of: low bioavailability, low solubility and toxicity. To avoiding risks, nanoparticles coated with the drug could be used as a therapeutic substance to selectively reach an area of interest to act without affecting non-target cells, organs, or tissues (drug delivery). Here, the goal is to enhance the concentration of the chemotherapeutic drug in the disease parts of the body. Among all nanostructured systems, ferrites attract worldwide attention in drug delivery applications. It is due to their versatile magnetic and physicochemical properties. Here, it is reviewed and analyzed recent advances in synthesis, morphology, size, magnetic properties, functionalization with a focus in drug delivery applications of nanoferrites.
... Various kinetic models were employed to observe the mechanism and pattern of the drug release from the prepared ocular inserts. For this purpose, the release data has been subjected to Zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer peppas model (Jafari et al., 2021). ...
The purpose of the current studies was to develop ocular insert of betaxolol hydrochloride (BXH), using arabinoxylan (AX) as a film former. The inserts were prepared by sandwiching I mg of BXH between two films of AX. Six different formulations of ocular inserts were prepared in such a way that first three formulations contained varying concentrations of AX along with glycerol as plasticizer, whereas, rest of the formulations were added with 0.5mg of sodium alginate, sandwiched between two films of AX along with 1mg of BXH. Chemical compatibilities of the ingredients were assessed by using FTIR. Prepared ocular inserts were subjected to various physicochemical characterizations. The dissolution studies showed that ocular inserts containing sodium alginate with the AX showed sustained release effect better than the formulations with AX alone. Addition of sodium alginate resulted in inhibition of sudden release in initial phase and further sustained the release of drug from ocular inserts. Ocular inserts were pH compatible to the eyes as well as there was no interaction among the drug and excipients, suggesting that the selected excipients were suitable for the development of sustained release ocular inserts of BXH.
... where k KP is the proportionality constant and n is the release exponent that could be used to indicate the mechanism of release [23]. ...
The nutritional quality of animal products is strongly related to their fatty acid content and composition. Nowadays, attention is paid to the possibility of producing healthier foods of animal origin by intervening in animal feed. In this field, the use of condensed tannins as dietary supplements in animal nutrition is becoming popular due to their wide range of biological effects related, among others, to their ability to modulate the rumen biohydrogenation and biofortify, through the improvement of the fatty acids profile, the derivate food products. Unfortunately, tannins are characterized by strong astringency and low bioavailability. These disadvantages could be overcome through the microencapsulation in protective matrices. With this in mind, the optimal conditions for microencapsulation of a polyphenolic extract rich in condensed tannins by spray drying using a blend of maltodextrin (MD) and gum Arabic (GA) as shell material were investigated. For this purpose, after the extract characterization, through spectrophotometer assays and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC-QTOF) mass spectrometry, a central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the combined effects of core:shell and MD:GA ratio on the microencapsulation process. The results obtained were used to develop second-order polynomial regression models on different responses, namely encapsulation yield, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and tannin content. The formulation characterized by a core:shell ratio of 1.5:5 and MD:GA ratio of 4:6 was selected as the optimized one with a loading capacity of 17.67%, encapsulation efficiency of 76.58%, encapsulation yield of 35.69%, and tannin concentration of 14.46 g/100 g. Moreover, in vitro release under varying pH of the optimized formulation was carried out with results that could improve the use of microencapsulated condensed tannins in animal nutrition for the biofortification of derivates.
Biopolymer-based bioactive hydrogels are excellent wound dressing materials for wound healing applications. They have excellent properties, including hydrophilicity, tunable mechanical and morphological properties, controllable functionality, biodegradability, and desirable biocompatibility. The bioactive hydrogels were fabricated from bacterial cellulose (BC), gelatin, and graphene oxide (GO). The GO-functionalized-BC (GO-f-BC) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and chemically crosslinked with bacterial cellulose and gelatin using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a crosslinker. The structural, morphological, and wettability properties were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a universal testing machine (UTM), respectively. The swelling analysis was conducted in different media, and aqueous medium exhibited maximum hydrogel swelling compared to other media. The Franz diffusion method was used to study curcumin (Cur) release (Max = 69.32%, Min = 49.32%), and Cur release kinetics followed the Hixson–Crowell model. Fibroblast (3T3) cell lines were employed to determine the cell viability and proliferation to bioactive hydrogels. Antibacterial activities of bioactive hydrogels were evaluated against infection-causing bacterial strains. Bioactive hydrogels are hemocompatible due to their less than 0.5% hemolysis against fresh human blood. The results show that bioactive hydrogels can be potential wound dressing materials for wound healing applications.
