Table 2 - uploaded by Lope G Tabil
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Field pea (Pisum sativum) is a good source of protein and energy. It has found wide uses in swine,
poultry, ruminants and aquaculture feed rations. To mix with other ingredients before feeding to livestock or
pelleting, feedstuffs must be ground. Energy requirement to grind feedstuffs depends on their physical and
mechanical properties, drying meth...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... results of field pea grinding characteristics at various final moisture contents using a 3.18 hammer mill screen size are presented in Table 2. The grinding characteristics of the field peas using a 3.18 mm screen size exhibited similar trends as the peas ground using 1.59 mm in terms of throughput rate, specific energy and d gw . ...
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Citations
... Energy consumption of grinding biomass depends on initial particle size, moisture content, material properties, feed rate of the material and machine variables [7]. Recently, several investigators [8][9][10][11][12] have used the hammer and attrition mill for size reduction and particle size analysis of different agricultural materials. The specific energy requirement of hammer mill for grinding coastal Bermuda grass with different moisture content and feed rate [13]. ...
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) at three moisture content (5.7, 11.4 and 17.2 %, db) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinder screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg/h) at 3000 rpm. Specific energy consumption were found decreased from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ/kg for increased levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.2 % moisture content and 8 kg/h feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 0.99 to 0.47 mm with increase of moisture content and decrease in grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg/h feed rate. Bond's work index and Kick's constant were increased from 0.61 to 3.07 kWh/kg, 0.073 to 0.324 kWh/kg with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of coriander seed were found decreased from 4.92 to 2.29 and 0.002 to 1.600 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 210 to 475 kg/m3 and 231 to 550 kg/m3, respectively for various mass fractions of sieve analysis. Bond's work index and Kick's constants were affected significantly by feed rate and moisture content for all screen openings except 0.5 mm.
... Several investigators [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] have used the hammer and attrition mill for grinding of different agricultural materials and studied for particle size analysis. The specific energy requirement of hammer mill for grinding of coastal Bermuda grass was found in relation to moisture content and feed rate [12]. ...
Pearl millet at various moisture content (6.2, 9.4 and 12.3%, d.b.) and feed rates (3, 6 and 9 kg/h) was ground using hammer mill and its physical properties viz. arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, thousand grain weight, aspect ratio, specific surface area, surface area and bulk density were studied. Sieve analysis results showed that the increase in moisture content produced more medium sized particles with decreased percent weight retained in pan. Bond's work index, Kick's constant and average particle size were increased with the decrease in total surface area at higher moisture levels. The highest energy (2.34 KWh/kg) was consumed for 12.3% moisture content. Various grinding characteristics were significantly affected by moisture content and feed rate either individually or in combination and correlated in terms of Bond's work index, Kick's constant, total surface area, average particle size, effectiveness of milling and bulk density. Milling loss was found to be higher at lower moisture level and decreased with the increase of moisture content as well as feed rate. The loose and compact bulk density was ranged between 46.8-199.5 kg m-3 and 53.5-254.1 kg m-3 , respectively among the entire sieve fractions. Water absorption capacity increased with the decrease in particle size.
... The lower the moisture content the longer the field pea can be stored at higher temperatures especially when transporting the material to the tropics. To grind the field pea for various applications, grinding at lower moisture contents below 10% may reduce the energy required to grind the material (Opoku and Tabil 2006). For hot-air convective drying, field pea should be dried at less than 45 o C for the seeds to be used for seeding and for other uses the drying temperature should be less than 70 o C (Saskatchewan Pulse Growers 2000). ...
Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a leguminous crop high in protein and complex carbohydrates and low in fat. Field pea is harvested at 18 to 20% moisture and must be dried to lower moisture contents for safe storage and grinding to be used in food applications. The drying kinetics of field pea using microwave, microwave-vacuum and convective drying were investigated. Three microwave power levels P10, P8 and P6 corresponding to 745, 588 and 455 W, respectively and two vacuum pressures 85 and 68 kPa were used. The times required to dry field pea samples from initial moisture content of 21.1% to below 10% decreased with increasing power levels. Higher drying times were achieved when higher vacuum pressure of 85 kPa was combined with the microwave power levels compared to combined vacuum pressure of 68 kPa and microwave power levels, as well as microwave power levels alone. However, the decrease in drying time from using combined higher vacuum pressure and microwave power was marginal. There was no difference between the drying times for samples dried at microwave power levels P10, P8 and P6 and the corresponding drying at combined vacuum pressure of 68 kPa and power levels P10, P8 and P6. Page and modified Page's models provided best fit models for the microwave, microwave-vacuum and convective drying data with higher R2 and lower SE compared Newton and Wang and Singh models. The drying rate constant (k) values ranged from 0.0088 to 0.0245 min-1 for the Page's model and for the modified Page's model, they varied from 0.0484 to 0.0916 min-1. The n values ranged from 1.3079 to 1.8875 for both Page and modified Page's models.
