Figuras 85-89 - uploaded by Denise Pinheiro Costa
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Cyclodictyon varians (Sull.) O. Kuntze. 85. Detalhe do gametófito com esporófito. 86. Filídio. 87. Ápice do filídio. 88. Células da margem do filídio. 89. Células da base do filídio. Figuras 90-97. Hookeriopsis rubens (Müll. Hal.) Broth. 90. Hábito. 91. Detalhe do gametófito. 92. Filídio. 93. Ápice do filídio. 94. Células da margem do filídio. 95. Células medianas do filídio. 96. Células da base do filídio. 97. Secção transversal do caulídio. Figuras 98-104. Hypnella pilifera (Hook. & Wils.) A. Jaeger. 98. Hábito. 99. Detalhe do gametófito com esporófito. 100. Filídio. 101. Ápice do filídio. 102. Células da margem do filídio. 103. Células medianas do filídio. 104. Células da base do filídio.
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No Estado do Rio de Janeiro a família Pilotrichaceae está representada por 35 espécies, compreendidas em 11 gêneros. O trabalho é parte dos estudos realizados com a família no Estado, tratando de 18 espécies pertencentes aos gêneros Brymela Crosby & B.H. Allen, Callicostella (Müll. Hal.) Mitt., Crossomitrium Müll. Hal., Cyclodictyon Mitt., Hookerio...
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Citations
... From among samples collected in the field and deposited in the SP herbarium, we identified 500. The identification of samples was based on the studies of Gradstein & Costa (2003), Vaz & Costa (2006a) and Sharp et al. (1994). We used the classification system devised by Buck & Goffinet (2000) for Bryophyta and that devised by Crandall-Stotler & Stotler (2000) for Marchantiophyta. ...
The aim of this study was to complete the species list and disseminate data regarding the diversity of bryophytes in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We registered 51 species of bryophytes (11 mosses and 40 liverworts) as new records for Rio Grande do Sul, of which six represent the second records for Brazil.
... A metodologia de coleta, herborização e preservação do material segue Yano (1984). A identificação foi realizada principalmente com base na seguinte literatura: Bastos & Yano (2006), Buck (1998), Costa (2008), Dauphin (2003), Gradstein & Costa (2003), Gradstein et al. (2001), Heinrichs et al. (1988;2000), Peralta (2005), Reese (1993), Reiner-Drehwald (2000), Reiner-Drehwald & Goda (2000), Vaz & Costa (2006a; e Vaz-Imbassahy et al. (2008). ...
Bryophytes are indicators of climatic, environmental and ecology conditions and are useful in the characterization of the vegetation types. In this study, we analyzed the brioflora of 2-ha plots, one of Restinga Forest (RF) and the other of Lowland Ombrophilous Dense Forest (LF), located in the Núcleo Picinguaba, State Park of Serra do Mar (São Paulo state, Brazil) aiming to: a) compare the structure of these communities; b)compare the floristic composition between these areas and with other coastal vegetations of southeastern Brazil; c) verify if the bryophytes of the Atlantic Forest lowlands have phytogeographic patterns wider than those of the montane species. In each plot, the bryophytes samples were collected at ten randomized subplots (10 × 10 m). We found 152 species (87 liverworts, 64 mosses and one hornwort), of which 109 occur in RF (40 exclusives) and 112 in LF (43 exclusives). In terms of species richness and taxonomic diversity, LF was more diverse; however, the Simpson and Shannon index of diversity is higher in RF. The floristic composition, life form and ecological groups of light tolerance were significantly different between these two forests. Canopy opening (RF) and number of rocks (LF) were important environmental variables that influenced bryophyte distribution in the study areas. When evaluated in terms of landscape, the subplots of RF and LR form distinct floristic groups; however, at the regional level, the bryophytes of these two forest types have more similarities among themselves than with other Atlantic Forest areas. Bryophyte community observed in the Restinga Forest of Picinguaba shows more similarity with that of the neighbor Lowland Ombrophilous Dense Forest than with other Restinga or coastal formation, such as mangroves and caxetal. In both forests types studied, the majority of taxa (> 90%) is widely distributed in the world, presenting phytogeographic pattern equal to or wider than the Neotropical. Our results corroborate the idea that the RF of Picinguaba is a unique vegetation formation, presenting elements of ombrophilous and dryer forests. In addition, they reinforce the idea that, for the tropical bryophyte species, the phytogeographic patterns are wider in areas of lower altitudes.
RESUMO A Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) da Serra do Caraça está localizada no complexo orográfico da Cadeia do Espinhaço e caracteriza-se como uma área de transição entre dois importantes domínios fitogeográficos brasileiros, a Mata Atlântica e o Cerrado. Essa Reserva é composta por diferentes tipos de formações vegetais e apresenta, predominantemente, os campos rupestres. Na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Serra do Caraça foram encontradas 439 espécies de briófitas (238 musgos, 199 hepáticas e dois antóceros), 74 (17%) espécies endêmicas brasileiras e 80 (18%) novos registros para o Estado de Minas Gerais. A família de hepáticas Lejeuneaceae foi a mais rica, com 75 espécies, enquanto Sphagnaceae apresentou maior riqueza para os musgos, com 29 espécies. A maioria das espécies encontradas apresenta uma distribuição moderada para o país e são neotropicais.
The Pilotrichaceae is represented in Brazil by 11 genera and 51 species, occurring mainly in the Atlantic Rain Forest and Amazonia, with the highest richness found in southeastern and southern Brazil. Thirty-four species are neotropical and 10 are endemic to Brazil. Four species are considered vulnerable, one endangered and two critically endangered. In this study 28 synonyms recently reduced in the treatment for Rio de Janeiro state and the taxonomic revisions of Lepidopilum e Hypnella are accepted. Type material of six species were studied. A key for the genera and species is provided, and for each species the following information is given; types, material examined, distributional range, substrate, altitudinal range, conservation status in the country and, when necessary, taxonomic comments. Following the taxonomic treatment three lists are presented, one with synonyms and two with excluded taxa. Illustrations are provided for those species that represents new records, considered threatened or those with no illustrations. This study reduced by 20% the total number of taxa cited previously for Brazil.
The Colombian bryoflora is considered one of the most diverse and widely distributed in the Andean mountains and the paramo areas, due to the variety of environments; it works like an erosion buffer zone and a humidity regulation that supports the environment and habitat conservation. This work was developed in a 100 ha Andean forest area, using nine linear transects of 100 x 4 m in the municipality of Bolívar (Santander, Colombia), and non-vascular plants were sampled in all substrates (soil, rocks, outcrops, organic matter and water tube-drainage). We recorded a total of 129 samples that belong to 72 species, 48 genera and 21 families, which represent the 7.78 % of the species in the country, and the 11.16 % of the current records in the department of Santander. Families with the highest number of species were Pilotricaceae (15), Neckeraceae and Fissidentaceae with seven species each one, and Brachytheciaceae, Leucobryaceae and Thuidiaceae with five species each one. The richness genera are Lepidopilum (7), Fissidens (7) and Syrrhopodon (4); a total of 34 genera with just one species. Most of the moss species were found on the bark trees (20), followed by rocks (17) and soil (9) substrates. Concerning to life forms, the most abundant were, cushions (24 especies), turfs (23), dendroid (8), creeping (4) and pendulous (3). Using a DCA analysis we observed a greater richness in transects located inside the forest. Moreover, we found 36 new records for Santander and one for the country (Homaliodendron piniforme (Brid.) Enroth). These results showed that the Colombian sub-Andean forest may be the habitat of a considerable richness of mosses species, and that is necessary to expand inventories of bryophytes in some Colombian regions.
In order to investigate which mechanisms the epiphyllous moss Crossomitrium patrisiae employs to overcome the typical constraints of dioicy in light of its spatially isolated habitat, we tested the predictions that high fertilization rates are achieved due to (1) high rates of sexual expression, (2) balanced sex ratios, and (3) high co-occurrence of both sexes in the same colony (leaf). Seven hundred and ninety-seven ramets were studied for total length, presence, and number of gametoecia and number of fertilized perichaetia in the female according to spatial segregation at leaf- and shrub-scales. High rates of sexual expression (76%) were confirmed. The other two predictions, however, were not upheld as C. patrisae exhibited a strong male bias (0·43 ♀∶1 ♂ at ramet level, n = 604). Despite considerable spatial segregation (co-occurrence of sexes was seen in 36·7% of shrubs and 12·8% of colonies), this species revealed one of the highest fertilization rates ever reported for a dioicous bryophyte at three spatial scales: nearly 90% of the mixed colonies bore sporophytes, 40% of all female ramets, and 74% of female ramets occurring in mixed colonies bore sporophytes. Thus, the relative rareness of females may be a phenotypic response due to heavy investment in sporophyte maturation as demonstrated by the high fertilization success of females. High rates of sexual expression and the occurrence of fertilization in nearly all cases of coincidence of sexes in common colonies, with low levels of abortion, contribute to the sexual reproductive success and, subsequently, the long-term survival of this species.
This work presents the results of an inventory of mosses carried out in an Atlantic Forest fragment in the Jibóia Mountains, Santa Terezinha, Bahia State, Brazil. A total of 61 moss species distributed in 23 families and 46 genera were found. The families Sematophyllaceae (seven spp.), Orthotrichaceae (six spp.), Pilotrichaceae (five spp.), Calymperaceae (five spp.), Leucobryaceae (five spp.) and Meteoriaceae (four spp.) had higher species richness. Actinodontium integrifolium (Broth.) Churchill and Calymperes venezuelanum (Mitt.) Pitt. are new records for Brazil. Ectropothecium leptochaeton (Schwaegr.) W.R. Buck., Eulacophyllum cultelliforme (Sull.) W.R. Buck & Ireland, Fissidens santa-clarensis Thér., Mittenothamnium reptans (Hedw.) Card., Orthostichella pentasticha (Brid.) Buck, Pilotrichella flexilis (Hedw.) Ångstr., Lepidopilidium portoricense (Müll. Hal.) Crum & Steere, and Thuidium tomentosum Schimp. are new records for Bahia. As regards geografic distribuition, neotropical taxa predominate, while in relation to communities, corticicolous (70%) and epixilous species (23%) predominate. The local flora was considered rich for including 24% of the bryophytes that occur in Bahia State.
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) developed a guide for assessment of species' threat level at a regional scale, which was the basis for the reassessment of liverwort conservation status in the state of Rio de Janeiro, four years after the first analysis. Of 360 taxa occurring in the state, 75 were categorized as threatened, two species were categorized as critically endangered (CR), eight endangered (EN) and 65 vulnerable (VU). Besides these, four species were categorized as almost threatened (NT), and 12 with poor data (DD). The high number of threatened taxa in the state (21% of the flora) reflects the importance of the level of knowledge for flora conservation analysis. In relation to the distribution of threatened taxa within the state, the majority occur in Itatiaia National Park (51 species - 68%). The main threats to the flora are loss and degradation of the Atlantic Rainforest. We recommend the recognition of the Atlantic Rainforest as a critical area for conservation; the protection of habitats to ensure the survival of species; and formulation of multidisciplinary programs to promote conservation.
In the study of the mosses deposited in the SP herbaria, 223 Bryophyta taxa were identified for the Brazilian States of Alagoas, Bahia, Pernambuco and Sergipe. The taxa are distributed into 97 genera and 38 families. Out of these, 86 are new records. Daltonia pulvinata Mitt., Eccremidium exiguum (Hook. f. & Wilson) Wilson ex Salm. and Ephemerum capense Müll. Hal. are new records for Brazil.
In the floristic survey carried out on the Ibiapaba Plateau , northern Ceará, Brazil, 24 species of pleurocarpic mosses distributed in nine families and 17 genera were found: of these, nine are new records for Ceará, six for the Northeast region and Lepidopilum brevifolium Mitt. is recorded for the first time from Brazil. Identification keys to the species, diagnostic description, geographic distribution, comments related to the environment, substrate and taxonomic characteristics are supplied. Illustrations are provided only for the less illustrated species in the literature.
