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Coccoloba coronata. A-Ramo fértil (Daly et al. 609); B-Ramo com ócrea (Silva 807); C-Bráctea e ocréola; D-Flor andrógina fechada; E-Flor andrógina aberta (C-E Lawrence 760); F-Perianto frutífero; G-Pericarpo (F-G Strudwick 3822).
Source publication
The genus Coccoloba is represented in Brazilian Amazonia by twenty three species: Coccoloba acuminata Kunth, C. arborescens (Vell.) R. A. Howard, C. ascendens Duss ex Lindau, C. brasiliensis Nees & Mart., C. charitostachya Standl., C. conduplicata Maguire, C. coronata Jacq., C. declinata (Vell.) Mart., C. densifrons Mart. ex Meisn., C. excelsa Bent...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... são pequenas em relação ao tamanho das folhas, como pode ser visto na ilustração de Jacquin (1763). A espécie é similar a C. parimensis da qual distingue-se por apresentar o pecíolo articulado na base da ócrea, ocréolas com a borda subtruncada, de tamanho aproximadamente igual ao tamanho das brácteas, pericarpo com ápice agudo ou obtuso (Fig. 7 G), enquanto C. parimensis possui o pecíolo inserido abaixo da base da ócrea, ocréolas com a borda profundamente bilobada, muito maiores que as brácteas e pericarpo com ápice mamilado (Fig. 19 J Árvore ou arbusto com ramos escandentes, 1,5-5(8)m altura; ramos apicais glabros, casca estriada, aderida, lenticelas elípticas ou arredondadas, ...
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Annonaceae is represented in cangas and forest (transition with rocky outcrops) of Serra de Carajás by two species: Guatteria punctata and Xylopia aromatica. An identification key, descriptions and comments on the phenology, geographic distribution, and habitats are included.
Citations
... Coccoloba P.Browne is a monophyletic group (Burke et al. 2010;Koenemann and Burke 2020) and the most diverse genus of the woody Neotropical Polygonaceae, with about 150 accepted names (Howard 1960(Howard , 1961Brandbyge 1990;Melo 2004;Melo et al. 2019). Plants in the genus occur in four centers of diversity and endemism: Central American, the Caribbean Islands, the Amazon rainforest, and the Atlantic forest (Brandbyge 1990;Koenemann and Burke 2020). ...
... Coccoloba is a taxonomically complex group due to the strong homogeneity in flower morphology (Melo 2004;Pereira and Alves 2018;Alves et al. 2021;Alves and Buril 2022), in association with extensive vegetative variation. Historically, the delineation of Coccoloba species has often been based on vegetative characters that are highly variable at the individual level, resulting in confusing circumscriptions (Melo et al. 2019). ...
... Taxonomic descriptions and illustrations were based on living plants, dissected samples, and herbarium specimens using a stereomicroscope (Zeiss Stemi 305). Descriptive terminology follows Melo (2004) and Melo et al. (2019), and general terminology follows Hickey (1973) and Harris and Harris (2001). Botanical samples collected by the authors were deposited at UFP. ...
... The genus is composed of trees, shrubs, and lianas native throughout the tropics of the New World, but mostly confined to low elevations. Some species of Coccoloba, such as Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L., are extremely widespread, occurring along the coasts of North, Central, and South America, as well as nearly all of the islands of the Caribbean [8,10,11]. Other species, such as Coccoloba rugosa Desf., are endemic to a single island in the Caribbean (Puerto Rico; [10]). ...
Background
The Polygonaceae is a family well-known for its weeds, and edible plants, Fagopyrum (buckwheat) and Rheum (rhubarb), which are primarily herbaceous and temperate in distribution. Yet, the family also contains a number of lineages that are principally distributed in the tropics and subtropics. Notably, these lineages are woody, unlike their temperate relatives. To date, full-genome sequencing has focused on the temperate and herbaceous taxa. In an effort to increase breadth of genetic knowledge of the Polygonaceae, we here present six fully assembled and annotated chloroplast genomes from six of the tropical, woody genera: Coccoloba rugosa (a narrow and endangered Puerto Rican endemic), Gymnopodium floribundum, Neomillspaughia emarginata, Podopterus mexicanus, Ruprechtia coriacea, and Triplaris cumingiana.
Results
These assemblies represent the first publicly-available assembled and annotated plastomes for the genera Podopterus, Gymnopodium, and Neomillspaughia, and the first assembled and annotated plastomes for the species Coccoloba rugosa, Ruprechtia coriacea, and Triplaris cumingiana. We found the assembled chloroplast genomes to be above the median size of Polygonaceae plastomes, but otherwise exhibit features typical of the family. The features of greatest sequence variation are found among the ndh genes and in the small single copy (SSC) region of the plastome. The inverted repeats show high GC content and little sequence variation across genera. When placed in a phylogenetic context, our sequences were resolved within the Eriogonoideae.
Conclusions
These six plastomes from among the tropical woody Polygonaceae appear typical within the family. The plastome assembly of Ruprechtia coriacea presented here calls into question the sequence identity of a previously published plastome assembly of R. albida.
... C occoloba P. Browne is the richest genus of tropical trees and shrubs within the Polygonaceae (Howard 1959a, b, 1961, Melo 2004, Burke & Sanchez 2011, Ortiz-Díaz 2023. The presence of an ochrea, small flowers with 5 tepals, 10 stamens and a globose to ovoid achene embedded in the tepals, and/or the expanded hypanthium are the diagnostic characteristics of Coccoloba (Melo 2004, Burke et al. 2010, Ortiz-Díaz 2023. ...
... C occoloba P. Browne is the richest genus of tropical trees and shrubs within the Polygonaceae (Howard 1959a, b, 1961, Melo 2004, Burke & Sanchez 2011, Ortiz-Díaz 2023. The presence of an ochrea, small flowers with 5 tepals, 10 stamens and a globose to ovoid achene embedded in the tepals, and/or the expanded hypanthium are the diagnostic characteristics of Coccoloba (Melo 2004, Burke et al. 2010, Ortiz-Díaz 2023. The genus is native and widely distributed in the Neotropics, recognizing four regions with high species richness and endemisms (Koenemann & Burke 2020): Mesoamerica, The Antilles, Amazonia and Southestern Brazil. ...
... The only monographic study of Coccoloba was carried out by Lindau in 1891, who recognized 125 species, but more recent studies estimate the number of species from 120 (Hernández-Ledesma et al. 2015) to 150 (Howard 1961, Brandbyge 1990, Melo 2004, Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong 2012, Koenemann & Burke 2020. In Lindau's treatment of Coccoloba, the genus was classified in four sections: Coccoloba sect. ...
Background:
Coccoloba is a Neotropical genus of trees, shrubs, and lianas with approximately 150 species. Reviewed Mexican specimens of Coccoloba do not correspond to any recognized species within the genus, so they are proposed as new species.
Question:
What are the morphological characteristics that differentiate the two new species from other Coccoloba species? What is its distribution and conservation status?
Studied species:
Species of Coccoloba sect. Coccoloba endemic to Mexico.
Study site and dates:
Chiapas and Veracruz, Mexico, 2022-2023.
Methods:
All available information for Coccoloba, including herbarium specimens and online databases, was reviewed. Subsequently, a comparative analysis was carried out including the two new species proposed and the recognized species in the genus. Geographic distribution maps were prepared and the conservation status of the new species was determined, following the IUCN guidelines.
Results:
Coccoloba burkeae and C. najarroi are described and illustrated as new species. Both are endemic to Mexico. C. burkeae is distributed in the humid forests of the Tuxtlas region in Veracruz and is morphologically similar to C. barbadensis, C. hondurensis and C. spicata; this species is considered in the Endangered (EN) category. C. najarroi is restricted to the humid forests of Chiapas and is similar to C. ascendens and C. ibarrae. This species is considered Critically Endangered (CR).
Conclusions:
The morphological characteristics of the fruit, the inflorescence and the leaves are important to diagnose the two new species of Coccoloba; both being endemic to Mexico.
... The genus Coccoloba P. Browne (buckwheat family/Polygonaceae) is distributed in the coastal regions of the world with about 150 species and stands out for its wide range of stress-tolerant potential, owing to its varied ecophysiological abilities (Melo, 2004). Among these, Coccoloba uvifera L. gained a lot of attention and was planted along with the coastal areas due to its saline adaptation and coastal land reclamation property (Bâ et al., 2014). ...
... Among these, Coccoloba uvifera L. gained a lot of attention and was planted along with the coastal areas due to its saline adaptation and coastal land reclamation property (Bâ et al., 2014). It is native to tropical America and the Caribbean and is popularly known as bay-grape or sea-grape (Melo, 2004). Sea-grape has various ethno-pharmacological applications in treating intestinal disorders, and venereal and skin diseases (Usvat, 2015). ...
... Coccoloba plants have articulated stems, alternate and whole simple leaves, with concresced stipules, and arteries. They are herbaceous, shrubby, arboreal, or lianas [9]. ...
The genus Coccoloba is widely used in traditional folk medicine, but few scientific data exist for this genus. The goal of this study was to characterise the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of C. alnifolia leaf extracts using in vitro and in vivo assays. Six extracts were obtained: hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethanol (EE), methanol (ME), water end extract (WEE), and water extract (WE). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed the presence of phenols, saponins, terpenes, and flavonoids. In vitro assays demonstrated substantial antioxidant potential, especially for polar extracts (EE, ME, WEE, and WE). Moreover, no toxic effects were observed on mammalian cell lines for most of the extracts at the concentrations evaluated. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was also used as an in vivo model for testing antioxidant potential. The EE and WE were chosen, based on previously obtained results. It was observed that neither the EE nor the WE had any toxic effect on C. elegans development. Additionally, the antioxidant potential was evaluated using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as a stressor agent. The EE increased the life span of C. elegans by 28% compared to that of the control, and the WE increased the range to 39.2-41.3%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) showed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, and vitexin in the WE. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated the antioxidant potential of C. alnifolia extracts and their possible biotechnological applications.
... En la caracterización de la sección y descripciones de las especies se utilizó la terminología del diccionario de botánica de Font Quer (1965) y para algunos términos específicos utilizados en Coccoloba, se sigue los empleados por Meisner (1855Meisner ( , 1856, Lindau (1890), Howard (1949), Brandbyge (1990), Leite & al. (2001) y Melo & al. (2003), Melo (2004). Los nombres comunes se tomaron de Sauvalle (1873), Gómez de la Maza (1889, 1894), León & Alain (1951) y Roig (1975). ...
Coccoloba sect. Rhigia (Polygonaceae) en la flora de Cuba Coccoloba sect. Rhigia (Polygonaceae) in the Cuban flora Idelfonso Castañeda Noa* RESUMEN Se delimita Coccoloba sect. Rhigia y se amplía el número de especies que pertenecen a esta sección. Se ofrece el resultado de la revisión taxonómica y la actualización de la distribución geográfica de las especies de esta sección en la flora de Cuba. La sección Rhigia se diferencia de las otras secciones establecidas para este género en el carácter estrictamente arbustivo de las especies; las ramas laterales cortas, espinescentes, y la extrema reducción del eje de las inflorescencias. ABSTRACT Coccoloba sect. Rhigia is delimited and the number of this species belong to this section are increase. The result of the taxonomic revision and the up date of geographic distribution of the species belong to sect. Rhigia in the Cuban flora is exposed. The section Rhigia differs of the other established sections for this genus in the scrub character of the species, with thorny short branches in the lateral branches, and the extreme reduction of the axis of the inflorescences. Recibido: 23 de julio 2013. Aceptado: 31 de agosto 2013 INTRODUCCIÓN Coccoloba es un género neotropical con alrededor de 120 a 130 especies de árboles y arbustos, a veces trepadoras (Mabberley 2008, Brandbyge 1990,1993); en las Antillas existen cerca de 60 especies de las cuales el 80 % son endémicas (Howard 1957a, 1957b; Brandbyge 1990). En Cuba está representado por 34 especies, que constituye el 55,6% de las especies antillanas de este género, de las cuales 25 son endémicas, mayormente asociadas a la vegetación sobre serpentina y sobre calizas costeras. Meisner (1855), publicó la primera monografía del género Coccoloba, donde establece dos secciones: Coccoloba sect. Racemosae Meisn. que agrupa a las especies con inflorescencias simples y la sect. Paniculatae Meisn., para las especies con inflorescencias paniculadas; un año más tarde (Meisner 1856), publicó una nueva sección en este género, Coccoloba sect. Haplostachyae Meisn. que incluye a las especies con inflorescencias simples espiciformes, quedando entonces en la sect. Racemosae solo las especies que poseen inflores-cencias simples racemiformes. Grisebach (1866), publicó Coccoloba sect. Rhigia C. Wright ex Griseb., que agrupa a un reducido número de especies arbustivas, muy ramosas e inflorescencias paucifloras, con el eje extremadamente corto: Coccoloba microphylla C. Wright y C. armata C. Wright ex Griseb., de la flora cubana, y C. subcordata (DC.) Lindau, especie endémica de La Española. Lindau (1890) publicó una monografía del género Coccoloba que abarca 125 especies, de ellas, 45 nuevas para la ciencia, de las cuales, cuatro corresponden a la flora cubana: Coccoloba geniculata Lindau, C. reflexa Lindau, C. praecox C. Wright ex Lindau y C. wrightii Lindau. Sobre la subdivisión del género, consideró cuatro secciones, dos de su autoría, Coccoloba sect. Coccoloba Lindau y Coccoloba sect. Campderia Lindau; en la primera de ellas, incluyó a las secciones Racemosae Meisn. y Haplostachyae Meisn., que se caracteriza por presentar inflorescencias simples racemiformes o espiciformes y el aquenio incluido en el tubo acrescente del perianto, y los lobos adpresos o coronados en el ápice, mientras que en la sección Campderia agrupó a las especies cuyo fruto queda envuelto exclusivamente por los lobos acrescentes del perianto. Las otras dos secciones reconocidas por Lindau (1890), son Paniculatae y Rhigia. En relación a la sección Rhigia, Lindau (1890), incluye solo a las tres especies delimitadas por Grisebach (1866), sin embargo no incluye a Coccoloba geniculata debido a que el material que utilizó para su descrip-ción corresponde a una rama adventicia con hojas de hasta 3 cm e inflorescencias con el eje alargado y geniculado, de hasta 2 cm de largo. Posteriormente, se describe Coccoloba oligantha Alain (Alain 1960), cuyos caracteres diagnósticos también corresponden a la sección Rhigia.
... Species in the genus Coccoloba are trees, shrubs, and lianas present in low elevation tropical and sub-tropical forests. Since 1756, well over 400 taxa have been described for Coccoloba (Howard 1949;Melo 2004). While the number of species generally accepted is closer to 150 (Howard 1961a;Brandbyge 1990;Melo 2004;Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong 2012), that number has varied widely (Brandbyge 1990;Melo 2004;Noa 2017;Põlme et al. 2017). ...
... Since 1756, well over 400 taxa have been described for Coccoloba (Howard 1949;Melo 2004). While the number of species generally accepted is closer to 150 (Howard 1961a;Brandbyge 1990;Melo 2004;Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong 2012), that number has varied widely (Brandbyge 1990;Melo 2004;Noa 2017;Põlme et al. 2017). The only comprehensive monograph of the genus was completed by Lindau (1890). ...
... Since 1756, well over 400 taxa have been described for Coccoloba (Howard 1949;Melo 2004). While the number of species generally accepted is closer to 150 (Howard 1961a;Brandbyge 1990;Melo 2004;Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong 2012), that number has varied widely (Brandbyge 1990;Melo 2004;Noa 2017;Põlme et al. 2017). The only comprehensive monograph of the genus was completed by Lindau (1890). ...
Species in the genus Coccoloba are trees, shrubs, and lianas present in low elevation tropical and sub-tropical forests. Since 1756, well
over 400 taxa have been described for Coccoloba. Coccoloba species are natively distributed throughout the NewWorld in a variety of habitats. Despite
being distributed throughout theNeotropics, the concentration of Coccoloba species in a given area varies considerably, with four centers of diversity
for the genus: southern and coastal Brazil, theWest Indies, Mesoamerica, and Amazonia. We here present the first molecular phylogeny of Coccoloba
and use this phylogeny to investigate geographic patterns of diversity within the genus. The topology of the phylogeny and the closest related genera
to Coccoloba suggest aMesoamerican origin for the genus. The South American species are recovered as the crown group of the phylogeny with one
instance of a separate migration event from Mesoamerica to South America. Coccoloba species in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean show little to no
geographic pattern to their diversification. Mesoamerica and the Caribbean are best considered as one phytogeographic region for Coccoloba.
... Coccolobis uvifera (L.) Crantz, Guaiabara uvifera (L.) House, Polygonum uvifera L.}, commonly called as sea grape, shore grape and platter leaf, belongs to the Buckwheat family, Polygonaceae. It is native to the coastal beaches of the tropical America and the Caribbean (Melo, 2004;The Plant List, 2020). C. uvifera is a salt-, drought-, heat-and wind-tolerant tree species, and suitable for cultivation for coastal landscapes of the tropical regions for dune stabilization and reclamation of soils. ...
A method for micropropagation of Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. has been developed through bud proliferation from surface-sterilized nodal explants collected from a 9 yr old mature tree. Ninety six percent of the explants exhibited bud development on agar-gelled Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 3.0 mg L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) if incubated at 26 ± 2 °C, under 40–50 µmol m⁻²s⁻¹ spectral photon flux density (SPFD) light intensity for 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod and 55–60% relative humidity. The cloned buds multiplied (12 ± 1.30 shoots per inoculum), and grew on MS medium + 1.0 mg L⁻¹ BAP + 0.5 mg L⁻¹ of α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and additives, 50 mg L⁻¹ ascorbic acid, 25 mg L⁻¹ each of adenine sulphate, citric acid and arginine. Higher concentrations of auxins in the culture medium induced callus formation. The additives improved quality of shoots as these prevented deformation of shoots. The shoots rooted (7.2 roots per shoot) on half-strength MS medium with 2.5 mg L⁻¹ NAA. Ex vitro rooting was achieved by treating the basal parts of the in vitro shoots with 400 mg L⁻¹ NAA (14.6 roots per shoot) and subsequent planting in pots filled with 1:1:1 mixture of soilrite® (soil conditioning mixture), cocopeat and garden soil. The cloned plantlets were acclimatized in greenhouse; 93.8% of these were survived. This tissue culture method can be applied for large scale production and sustainable conservation of C. uvifera, a vulnerable species for agroforestry of the coastal regions for windbreak and soil reclamations.
... For Brazil, 45 species that occur in different ecosystems are recognized and some are widely distributed (Melo, 2000(Melo, , 2004BFG, 2015). However, some species, as Coccoloba cereifera Schwacke, are seriously endangered due to restrict geographic distribution at the rupestrian fields of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Silva et al., 2008). ...
... Flowers are not showy, bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic and monochlamydeous or dichlamydeous. The calyx is 3(-5)-merous and polysepalous or gamosepalous, and the corolla is trimerous and polypetalous or gamopetalous with in general 6-9 stamens, (2-)3(-4)-carpelar and unilocular ovary, with erect placentation and achenes or nutlets holding a fleshy or dry pericarp and a single ruminate endosperm seed (Brandbyge, 1993;Melo, 1999Melo, , 2003Melo, , 2004Pereira and Alves, 2018). ...
... In Brazil, Coccoloba is the most representative genus of Polygonaceae with 45 accepted species (BFG 2015). Coccoloba species grow in humid habitats of the Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes, but also in semiarid regions, seasonal savannas, and forests as well as on rupestrian fields (Melo 2004, Melo andFrança 2006). ...
... Racemosae and two in C. sect. Paniculatae (Melo 2004). Species circumscription in Coccoloba is very confusing, with sharp contrasts among specialists, mainly because it is usually based on fragile and highly variable vegetative characteristics at an individual level (Howard 1960). ...
... and C. latifolia Lam., both occurring in the Brazilian Amazon. Coccoloba dugandiana Fernández was described for Bolivia and recognized as a valid species by Aymard and Howard (2004), but has since then been considered as synonymous of C. mollis (Melo 2004, The Plant List 2010. ...
We describe and illustrate a new species of Coccoloba (Polygonaceae), named Coccoloba gigantifolia, from the Brazilian Amazon. It resembles Coccoloba mollis Casar, but differs from the latter species by its much larger leaves in the fertile branches. The species has only been recorded in the Madeira River basin, in the states of Amazonas and Rondônia, in the central and southwestern Brazilian Amazon. The description was based on herbarium material, cultivated plants, and individual trees in their natural habitat. We provide illustrations, photographs, and an identification key with morphological characteristics that distinguish the new taxon from the other two related taxa of the Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae, as well as comments on the geographic distribution and conservation status of the species.
