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While there is an increasing demand for safe and health food, there are also many risks that face agricultural and animal production. These risks come from climate change, diseases and others factors. Nanotechnology has the potential to generate agricultural and food capabilities with new tools for rapid disease detection, molecular treatment of di...
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... in the agricultural sector concentrates on the sustainable food production and the protection of food crops for both human nutrition and animal feeding and against pests and diseases (Khot et al., 2012). Nanotechnology provides new agrochemical opportunities to improve food crop production and reduce adverse environmental effects by reducing pesticide and chemical fertilizers use (Table 1). ...
Citations
... Nano-pesticide is an agrochemical combination used to overcome the problems caused by conventional pesticides. Several types of materials viz., surfactants, organic polymers and mineral nanoparticles that fall in the nanometer size range are used in formulation of nano-pesticides (Alfadul et al., 2017). The new generation of nanopesticides will be specific in action against insects and does not have any harm to other important insects of soil (Kah et al., 2013). ...
Agrivoltaic systems are photovoltaic (PV) technologies in which PV
panels are positioned at a height that allows for regular farming practices to
be carried out below. Agrivoltaic systems improve water use efficiency and
lessen water stress, which helps crop yield while also preserving agricultural
land. Due to these advantages, interest in Agrivoltaic systems is growing, but
their adoption is constrained by the lack of a comprehensive environmental
and economic analysis. The reduced impact on land occupation and the
stabilization of crop production are relevant added values that should be
properly valorized in a future energy system dominated by increasing human
land appropriation and climate change. This chapter explains the Agrivoltaic
system its concepts, research and development in India.
... Nano-pesticide is an agrochemical combination used to overcome the problems caused by conventional pesticides. Several types of materials viz., surfactants, organic polymers and mineral nanoparticles that fall in the nanometer size range are used in formulation of nano-pesticides (Alfadul et al., 2017). The new generation of nanopesticides will be specific in action against insects and does not have any harm to other important insects of soil (Kah et al., 2013). ...
Agriculture is new paradigm, sustainable intensification, focuses back
on beneficial soil microorganisms for their role in reducing chemical
fertilizer and pesticide input and improving plant nutritional and health.
More research has been done on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)
because they form symbiotic relationships with the root systems of most land
plants and make it easier for plants to absorb nutrients by creating
extraradical networks of hyphae that spread out from colonized roots into the
soil and serve as supplemental absorbents. Plants are protected from abiotic
and biotic factors by AMF, and they also contribute in modulating the
activity of antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites (phytochemicals),
including polyphenols, anthocyanins, phytoestrogens and carotenoids. The
employment of AMF symbionts to enhance the nutritional and medicinal
value of active food items has come under more and more scrutiny in
studies. Despite the wide physiological and genetic diversity of plant species,
only a few AMFs have been used, thus limiting their full exploitation. This
review study concentrates on the results of AMF on plant secondary
substance biosynthesis that can improve health, as well as the standards for
choosing the best symbionts to be utilized as sustainable biotechnological
instruments to create food that is healthy and safe. The main objectives of
the article was to examine the role AMF plays in improving soil's physical,
biological and chemical properties. Regarding the information gaps found in
this review, a discussion of potential future research is given. This will
improve our understanding of AMF, encourage additional study, and aid in
maintaining soil fertility.
... However, they also harm the health of the soil. Surfactants, organic polymers, and mineral nanoparticles with sizes in the nanometer range are only a few of the ingredients employed in the creation of nano-pesticides (Alfadul et al., 2017). The next generation of nano-pesticides will have targeted action against insects and won't affect other significant soil insects (Kah et al., 2014). ...
... Fast and sensitive sensors are needed to find plant diseases in order to safeguard crops effectively. To monitor soil fertility and other agro climatic conditions throughout agricultural areas, nano sensors can be used (Alfadul et al., 2017). Such actions will increase agricultural output even in very poor economic conditions. ...
Miniature nanotechnology (NT) monitors a leading agriculture control technique. Nanomaterials in agriculture aim to reduce chemical use, limit nutrient losses, and boost crop productivity through pest and nutrient management. NT could help the agriculture and food business with revolutionary nano instruments for rapid disease detection and plant nutrition absorption. Nanotechnology can operate as soil quality sensors to maintain plant health. This article describes the role of nano material in enhancing sustainability, food security, and climate change resilience.
... Nanotechnology has aided in developing effective pesticides and preventing their harmful spread in the environment by encapsulating these pesticides in nanoscale capsules that can precisely control the rate of pesticide release from the capsule according to crop requirements (Alfadul et al. 2017). Pesticide formulations using nano-encapsulated pesticides can minimize pesticide dose and human exposure, making them more eco-friendly for crop protection (Nuruzzaman et al. 2016). ...
Across the globe, farmers have been facing numerous issues, for instance, climate change, attack of insects, weeds, rotifers, rodents, pests, etc., on crops. Agrochemicals have produced economic benefits by improving production and preventing vector-borne diseases, but their widespread use has resulted in human and environmental damage. The progress of high-tech manufacturing of agrochemicals and the fast evolution of farming have led to the release of many contaminants, viz., heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides in the environment. However, the quest for new agrochemicals to combat weeds and pest resistance problems continues. Qualitative and demand-driven research in soil science is currently needed, particularly in developing countries, to facilitate sustenance of healthy ecosystem. Certainly, feasible alternatives, viz., biochar, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and fungi, become necessary. The current study highlights the prevalence of agrochemicals which have impacted ecosystem components and their fate with respect to adopted mitigation process.
... Nanotechnology is among modern technologies impacting the development of agriculture sector. Employing innovative approaches of nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize agricultural systems (Prasad et al. 2017) and improve agricultural performance with new tools for monitoring soil conditions, fertilizers, chemicals, pests, pollutants, water use, reduction of agricultural crop losses, and measuring climate conditions (Mukhopadhyay 2014;Alfadul et al. 2017). ...
Plant pest and diseases control are commonly managed with conventional pesticides and chemicals that have shown a negative environmental impact. Thus, interest in efficient, safe, and green pesticide formulations has been growing to alleviate environmental and human toxicity risks. Nanopesticides, derived from recent advances in technology, have shown better-targeted pesticide delivery, and they could be eco-friendly and applied to sustainable agriculture. The use of nanotechnology in plant protection is a promising interdisciplinary approach that includes nanomaterials-based pesticides. Recently, nanopesticides have shown a notable effect on plant pest and disease control. Additionally, they answered to challenges of reducing costs and volume of pesticides while preciseness, crop yield, and biodegradability increased continuously. Several nanomaterials were evaluated and showed great potential in creating novel formulations. Otherwise, the effect of these products on nontarget species that exist in the same ecosystem of the target pathogen needs to be studied more. The nanopesticides of biological origin named nano-biopesticides or green synthesized nanopesticides could be, as the best alternative, the new trend combining nanotechnology and biological solutions, putting forward great findings for plant protection. The present review summarizes the currently used nanoparticles as pesticide formulations. Furthermore, the future challenges of this fast-growing and promising approach to sustainable agriculture are exposed. Finally, the current situation and the future of nano-biopesticides are discussed.
... Growth of crops is dependent upon adequate climatic conditions and protection from insect and pathogen attack. Nanosensors (NSs) would help in collecting the data related to soil, water, plants and climatic conditions, which could aid in boosting the crop growth Alfadul et al. 2017). NSs could increase the crop yield with meagre financial requirements (Rai and Ingle 2012). ...
... Additionally, their stiff and crystalline shapes are more stable, soluble, permeable and biodegradable in comparison with the conventional pesticides (Ul Haq and Ijaz 2019). Different materials have been used as NPCs like polymers, surfactants and inorganic NPs (Alfadul et al. 2017). Properties of NPCs and its effect on pests have been shown in Fig. 3. Technologies like nanoencapsulation and nanoformulation have been used to design a controlled release of pesticides to avoid leaching and the resulting losses without compromising with the efficiency (Scrinis and Lyons 2007). ...
The conventional agricultural farming system has adversely affected the natural ecosystem with the heavy use of fertilizers, pesticides and contaminated water irrigation. Although the conventional agricultural system plays a significant role in the feeding of world population, it has also damaged our pristine ecosystem, simultaneously. In order to solve this problem, nanotechnology has gained a lot of popularity in last few decades. This could be because of the fact that the traditional farming techniques are neither able to substantially enhance the crop production nor are sustainable in the long term. The intervention of nanotechnology in the agricultural system has not only improved the crop yield but also restored and improved the quality of this ecosystem. Moreover, nanotechnology-based products like nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanoweedicides and nanosensors have improved the crop yield and income of the farmers. They have helped in boosting seed germination, photosynthesis and nutrient levels in soils. Additionally, they have aided in identifying pest attack and disease prevalence. Simultaneously, they have remediated polluted lands and filtered polluted waters. Further, these products have enabled plants to face climate changing scenarios.
... Nanotechnology can be a boon in modern agriculture state of affairs and used in the crop production and their processing. Many researches have been carried out to decide the applicability of nanotechnology in the detection of chemical and biological compounds in many types of food crops (Alfadul et al., 2017). Agronanotechnology truly focuses on the sustainable food production and protection of economic crops against pests and diseases (Khot et al., 2012). ...
... The applications of nanotechnology have great potential to meet out the future agricultural challenges such as food security. Agro nanotechnology has many uses in agricultural production system in different forms and various procedures written as under: Nano-Pesticides, Nano-fungicides and Nano-weedicides Park et al., 2006 Nanosensors Used for determination of microbes, contaminants, pollutants and food freshness and monitoring the identity and quality of agricultural produce Mukal et al., 2009;Joyner & Kumar, 2015;Alfadul et al., 2017;Rai & Ingle, 2012 Post-harvest Technology - Meetoo, 2011 Bio processing (bio synthesized) nanoparticles for agricultural use Tarafdar et al., 2014 Bio sensors for Aqua culture Rajesh Kumar et al., 2008 Nano biotechnology Analysis of gene expression and Regulation by using genetic engineering and nanotechnology. Galbraith, 2007 Precision agriculture Precision agricultural techniques might be used to promote increase crop yields, decrease nutrients loss due to leaching and emissions, and enhance nutrients long-term incorporation by soil microorganisms. ...
... For this, nano-pesticide, an agro-chemical combination is used to overcome the problems caused by conventional pesticides (Sasson et al., 2007). Different types of materials viz., surfactants, organic polymers and mineral nanoparticles are used in formulation of nano-pesticides (Alfadul et al., 2017) which will be specific in action against insects and disease organisms and does not have any harm to other important insects of soil (Kah et al., 2013). ...
... The nanotechnology has helped in making efficacious pesticides and prevention of their dangerous dissemination in the environment by placing these pesticides in nanometer capsules which can accurately control the rate of pesticide release from the capsule as per need of crops (Alfadul et al. 2017). Nano-encapsulated pesticide formulation is able to reduce the dosage of pesticides and human exposure to them, which is eco-friendly for crop protection (Nuruzzaman et al. 2016). ...
Nano-agrochemical is an amalgamation of nanotechnology and agrochemicals, which has resulted in the production of nano-fertilizers, nano-herbicides, nano-fungicides, nano-pesticides, and nano-insecticides. Nowadays, these nano-agrochemicals have gained popularity due to their greater effectiveness compared to conventional agrochemicals thereby making them economically viable and eco-friendly. Besides, nano-agrochemicals owing to their enormous benefits in agriculture have helped the farmers economically by increasing the yield of crops both qualitatively and quantitatively, thereby substituting synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in order to maximize the output and conserve the input which leads to economic prosperity. Thus, it can be inferred that this technology will be leading in principal markets with escalated investments and innovation. However, nano-agrochemicals are still in their infancy and are facing obstruction to reach the farmers and the possible reasons being greater production cost, lack of awareness among farmers, impact on environment, humans, and so on. In near future, novel agro-formulations like organic based nano-materials with greater benefits are believed to transform and upgrade agriculture to a greater extent across the world. In this chapter the authors will discuss about the economic importance and future trends of the nano-agrochemicals.
... As global food demand increases gradually, nanotechnology could help improve the efficiency of nutrient uptake by employing nanofertilizers; control of pest and pathogen using nanopesticides, etc.; monitoring of agro-climatic conditions by nanosensor are required to increase productivity of quality food crops and proper management of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, etc. Thus, agro-nanotechnology would be an eco-friendly, cost effective green technology for sustainable agriculture (Alfadul et al. 2017). To augment crop yields, nanotechnology would be assistance in numerous ways such as-(i) to produce high temperature tolerant crops, (ii) development of specialized pesticides for specific insects, (iii) overcome the problems of global warming, (iv) development of nanotubes that store rainwater in the soil so that plants can use it in drought. ...
To augment the nutritional values and yields for which agricultural sector come across various problem, solution to this can be provided by narrative and enhanced strategies unrehearsed by nanotechnology. To recover the safety of agricultural products as well as diminish the pollution, new Nano technological techniques with controlled delivery of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers could be functional. Important aspects in novel agriculture include development of nanodevices such as smart delivery systems to target specific sites and also nanocarriers for chemical controlled release. Agricultural production can be revolutionized using nanotechnology involving on-farm applications to deliver drugs or pesticides to livestock or crops and smart-sensing devices for agriculture-environment interactions. This study emphasizes upon bionanotechnology awareness in agriculture which is an emergent field having enormous prospective.
... Microsensors, which are purely constructed based on semiconductor technology compared to conventional sensors, yield supplementary advantages such as they are smaller in size, lighter, easily portable, extremely energy efficient, robust and have a quick response time . These microsensors are fabricated using microfabrication methods and, compared to available macro level sensors, they exhibit low power consumption compared to standard sensors Since this new nanotechnology came into existence, the development and sustainable growth of agriculture has depended on this new and innovative technique Alfadul et al. (2017). Compared to the micro approach, this technology is deemed to have more reliability, fast response and is a low-cost system for the overall monitoring and maintaining the health of the leaves Prasad et al. (2017). ...
This chapter employs the state‐of‐the‐art terahertz technique, the focus is primarily to introduce a preliminary analysis and to investigate the water content and presence of any pesticides in leaves in the range of 0.75 to 1.2 THz frequency using the Swissto12 system. It aims at determining the path‐loss response and the complex permittivity of leaves of fresh and drought stressed leaves. In order to obtain higher accuracy and an effective use of water in the agriculture sector, terahertz sensing has potential and is deemed to have a faster, reliable response for the overall monitoring and maintaining the health of the leaves. In modern agriculture, the progress of biosensors plays a vital role in improving both the quantity and quality of yields due to the properties of nanomaterials. The chapter emphasizes the advancement and development of terahertz technology applications in the agriculture sector and presents some of the preliminary studies done in this domain.
