Table 2 - uploaded by Peter T. Bobrowsky
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... the identification and interpretation processes typically improve with the experience of the interpreter. Table 2 summarizes landslide imaging techniques and provides example studies. Passive imaging methods include film and digital air photos and satellite images. ...
Context 2
... types of landslides leave evidence of detachment (such as head scarps), features that are associated with displacement and accumulated deposits. These can be mapped using various types of airborne or satellite-borne passive and active imagery (see Table 2). In contrast, channelized flows, such as debris flows, may not leave obvious features in source areas and their deposits may be removed or buried shortly after deposition, hidden by tree cover or are otherwise not visible on imagery. ...
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The general assumptions and the most popular methods used to assess landslide hazard and for risk evaluation have not changed significantly in recent decades. Some of these assumptions have conceptual weakness, and the methods have revealed limitations. In this work, I deal with populations of landslides i.e. numerous landslides caused in an area by a single trigger (e.g. a rainstorm, an earthquake, a rapid snowmelt event), or by multiple events in a short or long period. Following an introduction on what we need to predict to assess landslide hazard and risk, I introduce the strategies and the main methods currently used to detect and map landslides, to predict populations of landslides in space and time, and to anticipate the numerosity and size characteristics of the expected landslides. For landslide detection and mapping, I consider traditional methods based on the visual interpretation of aerial photographs, and modern approaches that exploit the visual, semi-automatic or automatic analysis of remotely sensed images. For landslide spatial prediction, I discuss the results of a global review of statistical, classification-based methods for landslide susceptibility assessment. For the temporal prediction, leveraging on a global analysis of geographical landslide forecasting and early warning systems, I discuss short term forecast capabilities and their limitations. Next, I discuss long term landslide projections considering the impact of climate variations on landslide projections. For landslide numerosity and size characteristics, I discuss existing statistics of landslide area and volume obtained from large populations of event-triggered landslides. This is followed by an analysis of the landslide consequences, with emphasis on a spatial-temporal model of societal landslide risk in Italy. I end offering recommendations on what I think we should do to make significant progress in our collective ability to predict the hazard posed by populations of landslides, and to mitigate their risk.
Often uncontrolled construction with insufficient consideration of the geotechnical and hydrogeological conditions of the territory, the increased man-made impact on the slope in the conditions of growing urbanization are leads to serious problems: landslide deformations and emergencies on the coast of the Cheboksary Reservoir, on the territory of the Cheboksary urban district and in the adjacent territories of Chuvash Republic. The increase in recreational load on coastal geomorphic systems also contributed to the activation of landslide, erosion, deflation and other dangerous relief-forming processes, and also affected the quality of water resources. The problem of assessing the stability of hazardous landslide slopes and slopes for civil, transport construction and recreational development of the coast of the Cheboksary reservoir is analyzed in this article. Minimizing the risk and damage from hazardous slope processes, including landslide, depends on the knowledge of the structure of the landslide geomorphic system and the slope array, harmonization of the interaction of the components of the designed object with the components of the geological environment (GE). On the basis of a professional analysis of engineering and geological factors, correct design models are proposed, with exact values of the slope stability coefficient (Cs) and rational design solutions leading to a reduction in natural and man-made risks.
In 2010, the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) initiated a project to develop Canadian technical landslide guidelines and best practices. Between 2011 and early 2014, assisted by more than 60 landslide professionals, the GSC completed and released nine of the 11 chapters of this document as separate GSC Open File publications. They were made available on the GSC website. Review comments were encouraged and received from both the national the international landslide communities. At the present time, the chapters are being revised, updated and compiled into a GSC Bulletin-series publication. Canadian Technical Landslide Guidelines and Best Practices related to Landslides: a national initiative for loss reduction is expected to be available in English later in 2014, and in French shortly thereafter. RÉSUMÉ En 2010, la Commission géologique du Canada (CGC) a lancé un projet visant à élaborer des lignes directrices et les meilleures pratiques canadiennes en matière de glissements de terrain.
Entre 2011 et début 2014, avec l'aide de plus de 60 professionnels de glissements de terrain, la CGC a terminé et publié neuf des 11 chapitres de ce document sous forme de dossiers publics de la CGC. Ils ont été mis à la disposition de tous sur le site Web de la CGC. Les communautés nationale et internationale en matière de glissements de terrain international ont été sollicitées et ont fournis des commentaires critiques constructifs. À l'heure actuelle, les chapitres sont en cours de révision, mis à jour et compilés dans une publication de la série Bulletin de la CGC. Canadian Technical Landslide Guidelines and Best Practices related to Landslides: a national initiative for loss reduction devrait être disponible en anglais plus tard en 2014, et en français peu de temps après.
This paper introduces landslide identification, mapping and monitoring techniques through summarized review of state-of-the-art literature. Landslide identification and mapping techniques are systematized in the groups of conventional and new (innovative) techniques. Monitoring techniques are presented in the following groups: satellite and remote sensing techniques ; photogrammetric techniques ; geodetic or observational techniques ; and geotechnical or instrumentation or physical techniques. In the advanced research, the trend is to combine data from different sources as well as to perform analyses at several spatial and temporal scales to achieve better understanding of existing landslides and to predict potential landslide hazard.
