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In spite of growing evidence indicating the benefits of probiotics, the effects of different dietary oils on intestinal microflora and probiotics have not been elucidated. This study aimed to examine the effects of different dietary oils on intestinal microflora in an experimental model of colitis.
Eight-week mice were fed isocaloric diets varying...
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To determine the effects of supplemental fish oil (FO) on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, and cortisol production in healthy adults.
A total of 44 men and women (34 ± 13y, mean+SD) participated in the study. All testing was performed first thing in the morning following an overnight fast. Baseline measurements of RMR were measured u...
Inflammatory bowel disease is an intestinal inflammatory disorder of multi-factorial origin, in which diets that favor high n-6 and low n-3 fatty acids have been implicated. The present study addressed whether dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids alter colonic mucosal response to Citrobacter rodentium infection. Mice were fed diets identical except for...
Objective
With increases in the global population, there is a need to identify strategies that increase beef output while maintaining or improving health benefits of beef products. Studies have demonstrated that there are many benefits to human health in response to reducing the dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3. The aim of this study was to characterize...
Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 can affect cutaneous wound healing; however, recent findings demonstrate the variable extent of their influence on the quality of healing. Here, we compare the effect of several dietary oils, containing different levels of PUFA n-3 and PUFA n-6, on wound healing in the rat model. R...
Background
Dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have an impact on insulin secretion and sensitivity but whether and how these may be related to maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy is unclear. Methods
Female Wistar rats (240–250 g) were assigned to laboratory CHOW or high fat diets rich in either n-6 (safflower oil; n-6...
Citations
... Currently, in search for alternatives to antibiotics and related gut health solutions in poultry production systems, several common dietary components have been evaluated for their effects on the structure of gut microbiota [14][15][16]. Among them, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been regarded as a potential probiotic and prebiotic [17,18]. The health benefits of oils with high n-3 PUFA to humans [19,20] and animals [21,22] may be attributable to their effects on the immune systems and their anti-oxidative properties [23,24]. ...
A B S T R A C T Supplementation of n-3 fatty acids to poultry diets is widely acknowledged for its role in enhancing poultry products, however, little is known about the compositional responses of gut microbial communities to type and dosage of these supplements. Here, we compared the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), supplied as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the composition of bacterial communities in ceca of laying hens. Corn-soybean basal diets were supplemented with either flaxseed oil (FO, ALA-rich) or marine algal biomass (MA, DHA-rich), and each supplied 0.20 and 0.60% of total n-3 PUFA in the diet. Lohmann LSL-Classic laying hens (n = 10/treatment) were randomly allocated to one of the 4 diets. After 8 weeks of feeding, blood, liver and cecal digesta samples were obtained for plasma glucose, fatty acids, and short chain fatty acids analyses, respectively. The gut bacterial communities were characterized using genomic DNA extracted from cecal contents, whereby the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Illumina Miseq® platform. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in both the FO-and MA-fed groups. The relative abundance of Tenericutes, often associated with immunomodulation, was relatively higher (P<0.0001) in the FO than MA group. Although the relative abundance of Bacteroides was greater for the FO-than the MA-fed group, this genus was negatively correlated (P<0.05) with total n-3 PUFA in the liver at higher dosages of both FO-and MA-fed hens. Higher dose of FO (0.60%) and both dosages of MA (0.20 and 0.60%) substantially enriched several members of Firmicutes (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Clostridium and Ruminococcus) which are known to produce butyrate. Moreover, co-occurrence network analysis revealed that, in the FO 0.60-and MA 0.20-fed hens, Ruminococcaceae was the most influential taxon accounting for about 31% of the network complexity. These findings demonstrate that supplementation of different type and level of n-3 PUFA in hens′ diets could enrich microbial communities with potential role in lipid metabolism and health.
... Currently, in search for alternatives to antibiotics and related gut health solutions in poultry production systems, several common dietary components have been evaluated for their effects on the structure of gut microbiota [14][15][16]. Among them, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been regarded as a potential probiotic and prebiotic [17,18]. The health benefits of oils with high n-3 PUFA to humans [19,20] and animals [21,22] may be attributable to their effects on the immune systems and their anti-oxidative properties [23,24]. ...
A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: n-3 fatty acids Laying hens 16S rRNA Cecal microbiota Co-occurrence network A B S T R A C T Supplementation of n-3 fatty acids to poultry diets is widely acknowledged for its role in enhancing poultry products, however, little is known about the compositional responses of gut microbial communities to type and dosage of these supplements. Here, we compared the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), supplied as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the composition of bacterial communities in ceca of laying hens. Corn-soybean basal diets were supplemented with either flaxseed oil (FO, ALA-rich) or marine algal biomass (MA, DHA-rich), and each supplied 0.20 and 0.60% of total n-3 PUFA in the diet. Lohmann LSL-Classic laying hens (n = 10/treatment) were randomly allocated to one of the 4 diets. After 8 weeks of feeding, blood, liver and cecal digesta samples were obtained for plasma glucose, fatty acids, and short chain fatty acids analyses, respectively. The gut bacterial communities were characterized using genomic DNA extracted from cecal contents, whereby the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Illumina Miseq® platform. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in both the FO-and MA-fed groups. The relative abundance of Tenericutes, often associated with immunomodulation, was relatively higher (P<0.0001) in the FO than MA group. Although the relative abundance of Bacteroides was greater for the FO-than the MA-fed group, this genus was negatively correlated (P<0.05) with total n-3 PUFA in the liver at higher dosages of both FO-and MA-fed hens. Higher dose of FO (0.60%) and both dosages of MA (0.20 and 0.60%) substantially enriched several members of Firmicutes (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Clostridium and Ruminococcus) which are known to produce butyrate. Moreover, co-occurrence network analysis revealed that, in the FO 0.60-and MA 0.20-fed hens, Ruminococcaceae was the most influential taxon accounting for about 31% of the network complexity. These findings demonstrate that supplementation of different type and level of n-3 PUFA in hens′ diets could enrich microbial communities with potential role in lipid metabolism and health.
... Crude fat and nitrogen-free extracts provide heat and energy (Lu, 2016). We speculate that, although the diversity and evenness index of food consumed by the goitered gazelles were higher than those of the sheep (Chu et al., 2008), due to the differences in nutritional structure, the gut microbiota diversity was lower than that of sheep (Hekmatdoost et al., 2008) and high levels of Ceratoides in sheep contribute to the increase in bacterial diversity in rumens . ...
Due to the increased economic demand for livestock, the number of livestock is increasing. Because of human interference, the survival of wild animals is threatened in the face of competition, particularly in co-inhabited grazing pastures. This may lead to differences in the adaptability between wild and domestic animals, as well as nutritional deficiencies in wild animals. The gut microbiota is closely associated with host health, nutrition, and adaptability. However, the gut microbiota diversity and functions in domestic and wild animals in co-inhabited areas are unclear. To reveal the adaptability of wild and domestic animals in co-inhabited areas based on gut microbiota, we assessed the gut microbiota diversity. This study was based on the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA and gut microbiota functions according to the metagenome analysis of fresh fecal samples in wild goitered gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in the Qaidam Basin. The wild and domestic species showed significant differences in alpha- and beta-diversities. Specifically, the alpha-diversity was lower in goitered gazelles. We speculated that the nutritional and habitat status of the goitered gazelles were worse. The gut microbiota functions in the gazelles were enriched in metabolism and cellular processes based on the KEGG database. In summary, we reasoned that gut microbiota can improve the adaptability of goitered gazelles through energy maintenance by the functions of gut microbiota in the face of nutritional deficiencies. These findings highlight the importance of gut microbiota diversity to improve the adaptability of goitered gazelles, laying a foundation for the conservation of wild goitered gazelles. In addition, we further provide management suggestions for domestic sheep in co-inhabited grazing pastures.
... Therefore, it appears that the beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs on IBD, which was reported in the previously published studies, may be driven primarily by long-chain n-3 PUFAs (EPA + DHA). The protective effect of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in relation with the development of UC have been shown in both human [48] and animal studies [49][50][51][52]. In contrast, a meta-analysis of clinical studies did not support the role of fish oil consumption on remission maintenance in IBD patients [23]. ...
Purpose
Fish consumption and dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs) may be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to conduct a systematic review and summarize published articles on the association between fish consumption and dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs with the risk of IBD.
Methods
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were used to conduct a comprehensive search and identify eligible literature published prior to January 2019. Fixed-effects model or random-effects models (DerSimonian–Laird method) were applied to pool the effect sizes. Cochrane Q test was used to trace the potential source of heterogeneity across studies.
Results
12 studies (5 prospective and 7 case–control) were included in the systematic review, which ten of them were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Studies were included a total sample size of 282610 participants which 2002 of them were cases of IBD [1061 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 937 ulcerative colitis (UC)]. A negative association was found between fish consumption and the incidence of CD (pooled effect size: 0.54, 95%CI: 0.31–0.96, P = 0.03). There was no relationship between total dietary n-3 PUFAs intake and IBD (pooled effect size: 1.17, 95%CI: 0.80–1.72, P = 0.41). A significant inverse association was observed between dietary long-chain n-3 PUFAs and the risk of UC (pooled effect size: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.57–0.98, P = 0.03). Moreover, no association was found between α-Linolenic acid (ALA) and IBD (pooled effect size: 1.17, 95%CI: 0.63–2.17, P = 0.62).
Conclusions
Findings showed a negative association between fish consumption and the risk of CD. Moreover, there was a significant inverse association between dietary long-chain n-3 PUFAs and the risk of UC.
... Conversely, the literature is somewhat fragmented in interpreting the role of PUFA in IBD pathogenesis, with studies demonstrating either protective 45 or predisposing effects 46 . However, this appears to be due primarily to the starkly differential effects of PUFA subgroups, as n-3 and n-6 PUFA, which seem to reduce and increase risk, respectively [47][48][49][50] . This effect is likely to be mediated primarily by the effects of such fatty acids on inflammation, as the inflammatory potential of diet has been shown previously to impact substantially on the rate of UC 51 . ...
Background & aims:
There is substantial compelling clinical evidence implicating certain dietary components in the development and clinical course of progression in ulcerative colitis (UC). The current study aimed to assess whether there exists any association between ulcerative colitis and scores on a healthy eating index.
Method:
In this case-control study, patients with UC were recruited and assessed along with healthy controls. Participants completed a validated 168 items food frequency questionnaire, the results of which were subsequently used to generate individual healthy eating index (HEI-2015) scores.
Results:
Fifty-eight UC patients and 123 healthy controls were recruited. After controlling for confounding factors, subjects who were in the highest quartile of the HEI-2015 had a 66% lower odds ratio of UC when compared with the lowest quartile (OR = 0.34, 95% CI:0.12-0.96).
Conclusion:
HEI-2015 was associated with UC in this cohort. Further elucidation of the role of key dietary elements is now warranted and required. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Diet composition is an important driver of the structure of the gut microbiota [122,143,[147][148][149][150], and the role of diet in shaping the gut microbiota is even stronger than that of genetic factors [148]. Therefore, we hypothesize that the effects of diet on NAFLD development are due, at least partially, to changes in the composition of the gut microbiota. ...
... Diet composition is an important driver of the structure of the gut microbiota [122,143,[147][148][149][150], and the role of diet in shaping the gut microbiota is even stronger than that of genetic factors [148]. Therefore, we hypothesize that the effects of diet on NAFLD development are due, at least partially, to changes in the composition of the gut microbiota. ...
NAFLD is currently the main cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries, and the number of NAFLD patients is growing worldwide. NAFLD often has similar symptoms to other metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of many diseases has been revealed. Regarding NAFLD, experiments using gut microbiota transplants to germ-free animal models showed that fatty liver disease development is determined by gut bacteria. Moreover, the perturbation of the composition of the gut microbiota has been observed in patients suffering from NAFLD. Numerous mechanisms relating the gut microbiome to NAFLD have been proposed, including the dysbiosis-induced dysregulation of gut endothelial barrier function that allows for the translocation of bacterial components and leads to hepatic inflammation. In addition, the various metabolites produced by the gut microbiota may impact the liver and thus modulate NAFLD susceptibility. Therefore, the manipulation of the gut microbiome by probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics was shown to improve liver phenotype in NAFLD patients as well as in rodent models. Hence, further knowledge about the interactions among dysbiosis, environmental factors, and diet and their impacts on the gut–liver axis can improve the treatment of this life-threatening liver disease and its related disorders.
... Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of immune-mediated chronic bowel disorder including Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) [1]. The etiology of IBD is not completely understood; however, increasing evidence have shown the role of genetic and environmental factors on immunopathologic processes of disease [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. ...
Background
The optimum dosage for vitamin D supplementation has not yet been elucidated in patients with Ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two vitamin D regimens in UC patients with vitamin D deficiency.
Methods
In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with mild to moderate UC, who met inclusion criteria, received either 1000 or 2000 IU/day of vitamin D (as low dose or high dose group, respectively) for 12 weeks. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and Total Oxidant Status (TOS), the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire − 9 (IBDQ-9) score and the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index Questionnaire (SCCAI) score were assessed before and after intervention.
Results
At the end of study, serum 25-OHD levels significantly increased in the high dose group (P < 0.001) and the increase was significantly more than low dose group (6.7 ± 3.8 ng/mL in the high dose group versus 0.2 ± 0.5 ng/mL in the low dose group) (P < 0.001). Serum TOS concentration decreased significantly (− 0.37 ± 0.26) only in the high dose group (P value = 0.023). There was no statistically significant change in serum TAC between two groups during the study. IBDQ-9 mean score significantly increased in high dose group compared to the low dose group (P value = 0.001) and SCCAI score in both groups reduced (− 2.58 ± 2.16 and − 0.9 ± 0.3 in high dose and low dose respectively), while this reduction was significant only in the high dose group (P value ≥0.001).
Conclusion
Our results indicate that 2000 IU daily dose of vitamin D can increase serum 25-OHD concentration, and quality of life, while it reduces disease activity in UC patients with vitamin D deficiency. We recommend assessment of the vitamin D status in all patients with UC because they may benefit from vitamin D therapy.
... A positive in uence on microbiocenosis of the intestinal tract and thus also on the resistance of the macro-organism has been ascribed inter alia also to the prebiotic component of the additive, the axseed (Smith et al., 2006;Hekmatdoost et al., 2008). Polyunsaturated fatty acids found in axseed are capable of a ecting the adherence of bacteria by the modi cation of the lipid composition of the intestinal wall or the bacterial cell wall. ...
... Increasing evidence in recent decades suggest that gut microbiome is linked with obesity, weight loss, and inflammation [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Alteration in the microbiome's abundance and community structure (increased Firmicutes and reduced Bacteroidetes) has been found in obese people [21]. ...
Background:
Bariatric surgery is known as one of the most effective treatments for sustainable weight loss; however, it may be associated with some complications. This study was designed to examine the effects of probiotic supplementation on some morbidities related to this surgery.
Methods:
This was a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial on morbid obese patients referred for One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass- Mini Gastric Bypass (OAGB-MGB) surgery to a tertiary referral center. Patients were assigned to receive a probiotic supplement (Familact®) or placebo from 4 weeks prior to surgery to 12 weeks after surgery. Anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory indices were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the study.
Results:
At the end of study, significant improvements in some serum inflammatory markers, vitamin D status, and anthropometric measurements were observed (p < 0.05), which were significantly more in probiotic group rather than placebo group (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant improvements in glycemic indices and lipid profile were observed in both groups; however, these changes were not significantly different between the groups. There was no significant difference in serum levels of vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine between groups at week 16 of the study.
Discussion:
Our results indicate that probiotic supplementation promotes inflammatory markers, body weight loss, and status of vitamin D in patients undergoing OAGB-MGB bypass. Whether these findings will sustain in longer treatment duration remained to be elucidated in future studies.
Trial registration:
This study has been registered at Clinicaltrial.gov with registration number NCT02708589.
... Potentially, environmental factors influence on disease incidence and include breastfeeding, use of antibiotic in infancy, stress in life, diet, and lifestyle. [1] Epidemiological studies showed that environmental factors, especially dietary factors, play an important role in the incidence and development of UC. [2][3][4][5][6] It has been shown that diet and dietary factors influence the intestinal microbiome, epithelial function, and mucosal immune system. [7] There are several methods for analyzing dietary data, ...
Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Recent studies have shown that dietary factors play an important role in the development of UC. Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) is a suitable method that analyzes quantitatively and qualitatively single foods, meals, and diets. The aim of this study was to determine the association between INQ and UC.
Materials and Methods
Overall, 62 newly diagnosed cases with UC and 124 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were studied in a referral hospital in Tabriz, Iran. INQ scores were calculated based on information on the usual diet that was measured by a valid and reliable Food Frequency Questionnaire consisting of 168 food items. Logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, education, smoking, Helicobacter pylori, family history of UC, appendectomy, alcohol, and total energy intake was used to estimate multivariable odds ratios (ORs).
Results
After controlling for several covariates, we found inverse associations between UC risk and INQs of Vitamin C (OR = 0.34 [0.16–0.73]) and folate (OR = 0.11 [0.01–0.99]). In crude model of analysis, cases had a higher intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, and iron compared to controls, whereas controls had higher intakes of Vitamin C, Vitamin D, folate, and biotin compared to cases.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that enough consumption of Vitamin C and folate was associated with lower risk of UC.
