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Comparison of three extraction procedures ( " water " , water extraction; " phosphate " , extraction with 20 mmol L –1 phosphate; " phosphate-Vc " , extraction with 1 mol L –1 phosphoric acid and 0.1 mol L –1 ascorbic acid) for As extraction from soil sample. A. the original chromatograms; B. zoomed chromatograms of A. For chromatographic conditions, see the caption for Fig. 3
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High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with high-resolution sector field ICP-MS was applied to the speciation of arsenic in environmental samples collected from the Moira watershed, Ontario, Canada. Arsenic contamination in Moira River and Moira Lake from historic gold mine operations is of increasing environmental concern to the loc...
Citations
... Anthropogenic sources of As can also be of concern, with mining of nonferrous metals as a main contributor to As contamination in Canada (Wang and Mulligan 2006). Contemporary technologies limit As pollution by the mining and metals industry; however, legacy impacts continue to affect freshwater systems (Zheng et al. 2003). ...
To better understand patterns in arsenic bioaccumulation in freshwater systems, we investigated ecological, physical and chemical drivers of total arsenic concentrations ([As]) in lacustrine and riverine fish across Ontario, Canada. We amalgamated arsenic data from previous research and monitoring programs, resulting in a dataset of 3200 fish across 152 waterbodies sampled between 2008 and 2018. Additional datasets of water chemistry parameters, landscape variables, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were amassed to examine the influence of these variables on As bioaccumulation in fish. Results show [As] were generally low across most species and waterbodies. However, fish from northern coastal rivers had up to 23-fold higher [As] compared to fish from landlocked sites. In general, [As] increased slightly with fish size, although relationships varied among fish species and sites. Furthermore, principal component scores, representing landscape and water chemistry variables, were related to [As] in fish, but these relationships varied among species. These results will help improve the efficacy of fish contaminant monitoring by identifying physical and ecological variables related to higher [As] in fish.
... Therefore, dissolved organic matter, flooding, microorganism action on organic matter, radial oxygen loss from root erenchyma, and the release of CO 2 , H þ , metabolites, and other organic substances in the rhizosphere, modify the pH and the redox potential of the soil solution and the chemical forms and bioavailability of As (Nabi et al., 2021). In the soil water, a gradient occurs from the surface soil pore water where nearly all As is in the form of arsenate to the subsoil pore water, where almost all As is in the form of arsenite (Zheng et al., 2003). The organic forms of As are not a significant component of soil pore water, except when pesticides or defoliants containing this element are used intensively (Seyfferth et al., 2011). ...
... Based on in-depth literature analysis, the extraction of plant samples was not optimized. However, a method offering the highest arsenic extraction yield from the samples of the plant origin was selected (Zheng et al. 2003). A 1-g sample of plant material was extracted with 10 mL of water:methanol solution in a 1:9 ratio. ...
The impact of water and bottom sediment pollution of a river subjected to a strong industrial anthropogenic pressure of metal(loid) (including arsenic and its species) accumulation in riverbank plants such as Solidago virgaurea L., Phragmites L. and Urtica dioica L. was investigated. The high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) technique was used to study organic and inorganic arsenic species in selected plants and their response to heavy metal and arsenic contamination. The modified BCR extraction results showed that arsenic was mainly bound to the mobile reducible and organic-sulfide fractions in the Kłodnica River bottom sediments. Research has shown that the bottom sediments of the Kłodnica River are contaminated with metals, including Pb, Zn, Ni, As, and among arsenic species, the As(V) form dominated quantitatively, with its highest concentration being 49.3 mg kg ⁻¹ and the organic species occurred extremely rarely. The highest concentration of arsenic, among the tested plants, occurred in Phragmites communis L. The evaluation of the bottom sediment pollution was performed using Sb/As factor, geoaccumulation index ( I geo ), enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI). The ability of the plant to assimilate metals from the substrate was studied by calculation of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF). Values of the I geo change in a wide range from class 1 (uncontaminated to moderately polluted for Cu and Zn) at the first sampling point, to 5 (highly to extremely polluted for Ba and Fe) at the K4 sampling point. The I geo results show an increase in the contamination with elements toward the runoff of the Kłodnica River.
... The pH was adjusted to 7 using NaOH. The standards for As(III) and As(V) were prepared from sodium arsenite (Na 2 HASO 4 ) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA (CH 3 ) 2 AsO 2 H) (Day et al., 2002;Donner et al., 2017;Zheng et al., 2003). The limits of detection of As(III) and As(V) were 6.4 ngL -1 and 8.1 ngL -1 , respectively. ...
The elevated concentrations of arsenic in natural water are one of the major environmental threats to human health. However, the existing characteristics, controlling mechanisms, and associated risks of arsenic in natural waters in the Indus River Basin (IRB), Pakistan, are yet to be unequivocally understood. In this study, a total of 203 samples of surface water (SW), shallow groundwater (SGW), and deep groundwater (DGW) were collected from the IRB to assess the geochemical characteristics of arsenic and its associated health risks, as all three kinds of waters are the main sources of drinking and domestic usage. The results revealed that the arsenic concentrations in the SW, SGW, and DGW were in the ranges of 1.1–26.45, 1.05–44.44, and 0.67–41.09 μg L−1, respectively. Furthermore, the predominance of As (V) (97 %) over As(III) (3 %) confirmed that the desorption of As in oxidizing environments with elevated pH and Eh is the controlling mechanism. The hazard quotient of 11–45 % and 20–60 % samples and cancer risk of 26–64 % and 26–68 % samples indicated high health risks for the adults and children, respectively, suggesting an immense need for appropriate measures of reducing natural water arsenic concentrations in IRB from the human health perspectives.
... To verify whether there is a thermodynamic equilibration of As(III) and As(V) in soil porewater, we collected the As species data from publications using typically natural soils/sediments (Table S4). The results showed dissolved As under anoxic was usually dominated by As(III), but significant As(V) (~20.0%) was observed in most cases (Chaillou et al., 2003;Zheng et al., 2003;Roberts et al., 2010;Somenahally et al., 2011;Hu et al., 2015;Shakoor et al., 2015;Kumar et al., 2016;Bondu et al., 2017;Xu et al., 2017;Arsic et al., 2018;Kazi et al., 2018;Lock et al., 2018;Wang et al., 2019). ...
The sharp redox gradient at soil-water interfaces (SWI) plays a key role in controlling arsenic (As) translocation and transformation in paddy soils. When Eh drops, As is released to porewater from solid iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) minerals and reduced to arsenite. However, the coupling or decoupling processes operating within the redox gradient at the SWI in flooded paddy soils remain poorly constrained due to the lack of direct evidence. In this paper, we reported the mm-scale mapping of Fe, As and other associated elements across the redox gradient in the SWI of five different paddy soils. The results showed a strong positive linear relationship between dissolved Fe, Mn, As, and phosphorus (P) in 4 out of the 5 paddy soils, indicating the general coupling of these elements. However, decoupling of Fe, Mn and As was observed in one of the paddy soils. In this soil, distinct releasing profiles of Mn, As and Fe were observed, and the releasing order followed the redox ladder. Further investigation of As species showed the ratio of arsenite to total As dropped from 100% to 75.5% and then kept stable along depth of the soil profile, which indicates a dynamic equilibrium between arsenite oxidization and arsenate reduction. This study provides direct evidence of multi-elements’ interaction along redox gradient of SWI in paddy soils.
... Based on an in-depth literature analysis, the extraction of plant samples was not optimized. However, a method offering the highest arsenic extraction yield from the samples of the plant origin was selected (Zheng et al. 2003). A 1-g sample of plant material was extracted with 10 ml of a water:methanol solution in a ratio 1:9. ...
The role of water and bottom sediment pollution of a river subjected to a strong industrial anthropo-pressure in coastal plants was investigated. The work presented the influence of polluted environment on accumulation of metal(loid)s (including arsenic and its species) in Stuckenia pectinata L., Galium aparine L., and Urtica dioica L. The study provided important information on the contents of organic and inorganic arsenic species in selected plants and their response to heavy metal and arsenic contamination. The As(III), As(V), AB (arsenobetaine), MMA (monomethylarsonic acid), and DMA (dimethylarsinic acid) ions were successfully separated on the Hamilton PRP-X100 column with high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) techniques. The Pollution Load Index and geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) values clearly indicate significant pollution of the examined ecosystem with heavy metals. The chemometric analysis with the concepts of (Dis)similarity Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Principal Component Analysis helped to visualize the variability of the As species concentrations and to analyse correlations between sampling point locations and analyte contents.
... For the ICP-MS and GF-AAS techniques, high sensitivity resulted in a greater interference of the matrix, which is one of the limitations of the respective techniques for application in complex samples. Thus, the elimination of the interferents is being performed using different sample preparation processes such as ion exchange filtration (Choi et al. 2011) and chromatographic separation (Zheng et al. 2003;Delafiori et al. 2016). ...
The environmental disasters that occurred due to the leakage of mining waste in Mariana-MG (2015) and Brumadinho-MG (2019), located in Brazil, attracted the attention of the scientific community. This designated efforts to investigate the environmental consequences of toxic waste in the affected ecosystem. Therefore, a simple, easily executed and accessible method was presented for arsenic speciation [As(III), As(V), and DMA]. Using an atomic absorption spectrometer coupled to the hydride generation system, the heterogeneous photocatalysis was applied in the reduction of As(V) and DMA to As(III). After the optimization, a calibration curve was constructed, with LODs equivalent to 3.20 μg L−1 As(III), 3.86 μg L−1 As(V), and 6.68 μg L−1 DMA. When applying the method for quantification in environmental samples, a concentration of up to 103.1 ± 9.4 μg L−1 As(V) was determined for surface water samples. The soil samples, 84.1 ± 3.6 μg L−1 As(III) and 112.4 ± 9.9 μg L−1 As(V) were quantified, proving the contamination of the ecosystems impacted by the environmental disasters. We proceeded the study through an addition/recovery method with samples of water, soil, and sediments (collected from impacted environments). Recovery values were equivalent to 99.0% for As(III), 93.8% for As(V), and 99.2% for DMA.
Photocatalytic reduction mechanism of As(V) and DMA to As(III) by heterogeneous photocatalysis.
... The application of hyphenated techniques such as high performance-liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) allows for speciation analysis (Cai et al. 2017, Das et al. 2001, Donner et al. 2017, Hong et al. 2018, Jabłońska-Czapla et al. 2014a, Jabłońska-Czapla et al. 2015, Jabłońska-Czapla 2015b, Marcinkowska et al. 2016, Templeton et al. 2000, Zheng et al. 2003. It is necessary for the hyphenated methods used in the arsenic speciation analytics (at low concentration levels) to be both appropriately selective and sensitive (Hong et al. 2018). ...
... Based on the in-depth literature analysis, the extraction of plant samples was not optimized and the wide spectra of extraction methods were already published. However, a method offering the highest arsenic extraction yield from the samples of the plant origin was selected (Zheng et al. 2003). The extraction of 1-g plant material in 10 ml of water:methanol solution in a ratio 1:9 was used. ...
... Nowadays, natural occurrence of As has been reported in almost all the region of South East Asia and other countries around the world like; Mexico, Argentina, Poland and Canada (Chen et al., 2006). The determination of the total As concentration alone is insufficient for many environmental exposure scenarios, but the determination of the species is important in order to accurate assessments of environmental impact and human health risk (Rahman et al., 2009;Vassileva et al., 2001), the toxicity and bio-availability of As compounds depend on the chemical form of the As (Gong et al., 2002) and cycling of As in different environmental conditions like lake (Zheng et al., 2003;Kumar et al., 2018). Current study reported As level and speciation in water, agriculture fields soil using ion chromatography (IC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in solution matrix in Gangetic basin, India. ...
... In comparison with the Biała Przemsza River [13] and the Kłodnica River, [44] the Bytomka River water is much more contaminated with As. Compared with other rivers, such as the Moira River in Canada, [45] which is heavily contaminated with As (the concentration of As in summer was 160 lg L À1 ), the maximum concentration of this element in the Bytomka River was 10 times lower. ...
... Zheng et al. [45] found out that the Moira River (Canada) was highly contaminated with As in the summer since As concentrations up to 140 ng mL À1 were detected. Speciation analysis revealed that As(V) was the predominant species in the surface water (ca. ...
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to the speciation of arsenic [As(III), As(V), and AsB (arsenobetaine)], MMA (monomethylarsonic acid), DMA (dimethylarsinic acid), antimony [Sb(III) and Sb(V)], and chromium [Cr(III) and Cr(VI)] in water and bottom sediment samples collected from the urban Bytomka River (Poland). The main objective of the study was the research of As, Cr and Sb species in the Bytomka River, as well as the simplified three-stage sequential chemical extraction of bottom sediments according to the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (BCR). The contents of V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Te, Ba, Tl, Pb, Fe, Ga, and U in the water and bottom sediments were tested using the ICP-MS technique. The risk assessment code (RAC) indicated a medium risk for As and a high risk for Sb to the environment. Sequential chemical extraction of bottom sediments showed that As and Cr were strongly demobilized. Sb was mainly bound with the ion-exchange fraction and posed a serious threat to the environment. Chemometric analysis with the (dis)similarity analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) allowed for visualization of the variability and correlations of the analyzed elements.
