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Comparison of average network throughput of ECR-MAC scheme with other protocols as a function of the number of flows.
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This paper presents an energy efficient cognitive radio multichannel medium access control (MAC) protocol called ECR-MAC for battlefield communications. ECR-MAC requires only a single half-duplex radio transceiver on each node that integrates the spectrum sensing at physical (PHY) layer and the packet scheduling at MAC layer. In addition to explici...
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... larger the value means the more efficient the transmit power is utilized. Figure 3 shows the comparison results of the network throughput of ECR-MAC scheme with other protocols as a function of the number of flows. We can see that, when the number of flows increases, ECR-MAC offers significantly better performance than all other protocols. ...
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Citations
... A number of MAC protocols have been designed and developed for CRSNs to not only preserve valuable energy, but also improve network performance. The energy-efficient cognitive radio MAC protocol for battlefield communication [15] preserves essential energy in deployed sensor nodes to form a cognitive radio sensor network. It exploits the concepts of multichannel communication coupled with time division multiple access (TDMA) to ensure traffic balancing and efficient channel use. ...
... This is the MAC protocol is aimed at preserving essential energy in sensor nodes deployed to form a cognitive radio sensor network [36]. It exploits the concepts of multichannel communication coupled with time division multiple access (TDMA) to ensure traffic balancing and efficient channel use. ...
... The CRSN nodes in Reference [36] set the upper-bounded transmit power for each available channel based on their characteristics, ultimately contributing to energy efficiency. Additionally, it contributes in elimination contention among nodes and in decomposing traffic among multiple channels. ...
... This is because of the low synchronization overhead and the sleep/active mechanism of the transceivers in these protocols. On the other hand, References [10,36,44] are more suitable for application areas with high traffic load and in areas where more reliable transmission is required, like in relatively smaller networks, such as those for multimedia applications. However, the protocol proposed in Reference [39] is better for application areas that have medium levels of traffic from the node, while the protocol presented in Reference [42] is suitable for various QoS-constrained application areas. ...
The increase of application areas in wireless sensor networks demands novel solutions in terms of energy consumption and radio frequency management. Cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) are key for ensuring efficient spectrum management, by making it possible to use the unused licensed frequency spectrum together with the unlicensed frequency spectrum. Sensor nodes powered by energy-constrained batteries necessarily require energy-efficient protocols at the routing and medium access control (MAC) layers. In CRSNs, energy efficiency is more important because the sensor nodes consume additional energy for spectrum sensing and management. To the best of authors’ knowledge, there is no survey on “energy-efficient” MAC protocols for CRSNs in the literature, even though a conceptual review on MAC protocols for CRSNs was presented at a conference recently. In this paper, energy-efficient MAC protocols for CRSNs are extensively surveyed and qualitatively compared. Open issues, and research challenges in the design of MAC protocols for CRSNs, are also discussed.
