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With the enhancement of public awareness of environmental protection, the harm of oily sludge has gradually been paid attention to. As a kind of dangerous solid waste, the arbitrary disposal of oily sludge will cause quite serious harm to both the environment and human beings. Research on the treatment methods of oily sludge has become a hot spot r...
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... Control the formation and discharge of pollutants, especially gas products such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. These catalysts mainly include sodium-based catalysts, potassium based catalysts, calcium-based catalysts, aluminum-based catalysts, iron-base catalysts, etc. Table 4 lists classification and evaluations of certain catalysts. ...Citations
... Before the refining processes, crude oil is stored for a while in the storage tanks where it tends to separate into lighter and heavier petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). Besides, the heavier petroleum hydrocarbons repeatedly settle in addition to water and solid particles [12]. This mixture of water, solids, and oil accumulated at the bottom of the storage tank are referred to as oily sludge [13]. ...
... For instance, oily sludge with a higher viscosity during the recovery of crude oil is not favourable for the freezing/thawing technique [41]. Nonetheless, the pyrolysis technique has higher efficiency but suffers a higher cost to treat water-cut oily sludges [12]. Thus, researchers are considering interrelated merits and innovatively combined different techniques to emerge a sequence of combined processing techniques. ...
... There are a variety of products manufactured from this substance, including biochar-lime bricks. When it comes to insulating properties and humidity control, this biochar-plaster combination seems to be a promising candidate [130,157,194]. Excessive drying of the interior air is a main source of respiratory problems, which may be avoided by using the composite. ...
Pyrolysis may turn fuel or waste material into biochar. It has certain constraints that may impede its development in improving fuel quality and quantity. Combustion occurs in an oxygen-deficient environment due to a number of processes utilizing biomass fuel. Burning the material produces biochar. Because biochar burns so readily, it is ideal for enterprises that utilize coal. It has a big influence on the ecology. The formation of biochar may significantly increase biomass usage. Modifications to the kind of material used, as well as future process modifications, must still be handled. Because biochar is rapidly replacing traditional charcoal and coal as a fuel source, this research focuses on biochar. Recycling and composting may be less efficient than previously thought. Diverse variables must be considered while recycling. In the long run, composting may produce high-quality soil nutrients. To get the greatest benefits, manage compost properly. Recent research has revealed that pyrolysis, gasification, and plasma technologies may be used to treat agricultural wastes. Each garbage disposal process has benefits and drawbacks. Research on pyrolysis and the use of biochar in building. A review of the various biomass waste sources utilized in the production of biochar is presented here. Qualitative research, closely related to secondary research, is used to examine in depth. Data gathering is crucial in qualitative research since it helps to better comprehend the study's goals and generate new ones. Findings from the research show a clear impact on biochar properties when the pyrolysis process parameters are altered. The types of biomass used for pyrolysis significantly affect the constituents of biochar produced. But the carbon percentage always remains at the maximum because thermal conversion converts complex compounds into elemental carbon and gases, which escape in the pyrolysis process. Further, biochar can be produced with a maximum yield with a fast pyrolysis process. The construction industry has prominent applications for biochar in the filler material. Substantial modification, soil stabilization, and pavement modification can be done economically, but more research is needed to impact construction parameters like durability and strength positively. Similarly, the cost benefits are also high in producing biochar as it can be used as an alternate form of fuel for energy generation. Overall, positive prospects exist in the conversion of biomass waste into biochar, and more research is needed involving innovative materials to get sustainable benefits from using biochar in productive applications.
Pyrolysis is an effective way for the harmless treatment of oily sludge. The composition, physicochemical properties, and pyrolysis of oily sludge were experimentally studied in the present study. The Starink and Coats-Redfern methods were used to analyze the pyrolysis kinetics of oily sludge. Pyrolysis of oily sludge is divided into four stages: water evaporation stage, light component evaporation stage, heavy component pyrolysis stage, and final pyrolysis stage. The light component evaporation and heavy component pyrolysis stages are the main stages of medium-temperature pyrolysis. The pyrolysis characteristic parameters under heating rates of 10, 20, 30, and 40 K/min were obtained, and the effects of heating rates on the pyrolysis characteristics of oily sludge were discussed. The results show that with the increase in heating rate, the temperature range of each stage expands, and the temperature of the pyrolysis peaks also increases, with an average increase of 14.88%. The activation energies of the main pyrolysis stages obtained by the Starink method and Coats-Redfern method are consistent. In the light component evaporation stage, the activation energies obtained by the two methods are 61.93kJ/mol and 68.6kJ/mol, while the activation energies are 294.88kJ/mol and 367kJ/mol in the heavy component pyrolysis stage. The pyrolysis mechanism functions are obtained, and the pyrolysis kinetic equations under 10, 20, 30, and 40 K/min were constructed and validated by comparison with the results of the calculated properties and experimental measurement. This study can provide a better insight into the heat and mass transfer processes of oily sludge in pyrolysis reactors for further development and optimization.
The production activities of oil refineries and oil and gas-producing enterprises inevitably have an anthropogenic impact on the environment, so environmental issues and the rational use of natural resources are important. The most dangerous pollutants of all components in the natural environment are oil waste, and one of the most effective methods of processing is heat treatment. The task was set to neutralize oil waste by thermal processing of oil slime to an environmentally safe level. The studies are carried out by methods of mathematical and numerical simulation of thermal processing, the results of which describe changes in temperature and mass of the stream over time. Extensive calculations with varying current operating and other parameters allow us to optimize the flow of heat and mass transfer during the thermal processing of oil slime. Numerical modeling is implemented using the method of alternating directions in an implicit iterative scheme until a convergence condition is met. The purpose of this work is to create an application for solving research and practical problems of oil waste processing. The application used allows the solution of the problems of oil slime processing. With the help of color-animated illustrations and a graphical interface, it supports the visualization of the results obtained, and provides the possibility of interactive interaction with the user, while providing instant control of the results obtained for timely decision-making to prevent environmental pollution in the industrial oil gas sector.
Oily sludge, as a critical hazardous waste, requires appropriate treatment for resource recovery and harmfulness reduction. Here, fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of oily sludge was conducted for oil removal and fuel production. The results indicated the priority of the fast MAP compared with the MAP under premixing mode, with the oil content in solid residues after pyrolysis reaching below 0.2%. The effects of pyrolysis temperature and time on product distribution and compositions were examined. In addition, pyrolysis kinetics can be well described using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods, with the activation energy being 169.7-319.1 kJ/mol in the feedstock conversional fraction range of 0.2-0.7. Subsequently, the pyrolysis residues were further treated by thermal plasma vitrification to immobilize the existing heavy metals. The amorphous phase and the glassy matrix were formed in the molten slags, resulting in bonding and, hence, immobilization of heavy metals. Operating parameters, including working current and melting time, were optimized to reduce the leaching concentrations of heavy metals, as well as to decrease their volatilization during vitrification.
Oily sludge is a kind of harmful solid waste produced by the petroleum industry. It is the key point of research to understand the mechanism of gas product changes during the pyrolysis process. This study combined density functional theory (DFT) calculation with a pyrolysis experiment to explore the changes in pyrolytic gas products from oily sludge. The results of thermogravimetric–mass spectrometry (TG–MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) showed that the gas products below 400°C were dominated by long‐chain hydrocarbons, but with the increase of the treatment temperature, the long‐chain hydrocarbons will decrease. The results of kinetics and thermodynamics showed that there were five stages of pyrolysis of oily sludge, and the values of E , ΔH , and ΔG were increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. The DFT calculation revealed that there were delocalized π‐electrons at the fracture‐prone sites, and the electrons on the functional groups of the molecule were more easily excited. The results can provide ideas for the pyrolysis mechanism of oily sludge and theoretical support for the optimization of the pyrolysis process.
Oily sludge is recognized as hazardous waste. To reduce the potential danger and harmful factors of oily sludge, it is very important to analyze its environmental risk. In this paper, the characterization of oily sludge from Shengli Oilfield in China was tested experimentally, including the composition content, particle size, microscopic morphology, heavy metal content, organic composition, inorganic composition, and thermogravimetric analysis, which were used to analyze environmental risks. The results show that the oil content of oily sludge is as high as 10.3%, which will cause serious pollution. It is calculated that China can recover 772.5 million liters of oil and reduce 553.9 million kg of carbon emissions compared with incineration in one year, if the oily sludge can be managed effectively. The content of heavy metals such as Ba, Zn, Cr, As, Ni, Se, Be, and Hg in oily sludge exceeds the standard. It will restrain the self-healing ability of soil, pollute groundwater, and endanger animals and plants. The organic matter of oily sludge is concentrated in C11 to C29. It contains a large amount of benzene series and polycyclic benzene hydrocarbons, which can lead to cancer in the human body. Inorganic substances in oily sludge are mixed with some additives, which can not only reduce the toxicity of heavy metals, but also be used as building materials. The median particle size D50 of oily sludge is 0.91 μm, and it spreads all over the narrow pores. Generally, it needs to be treated under high temperature conditions, which will cause secondary pollution to the environment. The research content of this paper provides a theoretical reference for the management of oily sludge.
