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The authors implemented an attack scenario that involved simulating attacks to compromise node and sensor data. This research proposes a framework with algorithms that generates automated malicious commands which conform to device protocol standards and bypass compromise detection. The authors performed attack-detection testing with three different...
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With the rapid development of industrial automation technology, a large number of industrial control devices have emerged in cyberspace, but the security of open cyberspace is difficult to guarantee. Attacks on industrial control devices can directly endanger the environment and even life safety. Therefore, how to monitor the industrial control sys...
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... IoT Solution for Smart Meter [6] IoT smart cities incorporate smart infrastructure to enhance efficiency and sustainability. This includes smart grids for optimized energy distribution, smart lighting systems that adjust the brightness based on usage and conditions, Smart home, and Smart building for the smart cities [42]. Fig. 7. IoT Solution for Smart Building [6] Wi-Fi HaLow can facilitate connectivity needs with good bandwidth in building and home areas, so that it can connect several devices in these areas such as camera sensors, house and building control, room temperature control (requires realtime connectivity) and so on [3] [44]. ...
The development of communication technologyhas played an integral role in the transformation of varioussectors of life, including agriculture and smart cities. One of thelatest breakthroughs in wireless networking is WiFi HaLow, aWiFi standard with low speed and efficient power consumption.With wider coverage and high resistance to interference, WiFiHaLow can support the implementation of smart agriculturalsensors and IoT (Internet of Things) devices on agriculturalland. This can improve crop monitoring, optimize irrigation,and reduce overall resource use.The implementation of WiFiHaLow can also change the face of cities in Indonesia towardssmart cities. With its ability to handle large data traffic andstable connections, WiFi HaLow can support smartinfrastructure such as smart street lights, waste managementand efficient traffic management. In this way, cities can becomemore efficient, sustainable and environmentallyfriendly.However, implementing WiFi HaLow in Indonesia alsochallenges several obstacles, including regulations, data securityand infrastructure investment. Therefore, government, industryand other stakeholders need to work together to create anenvironment that supports the development of this technology
... Some of the network protocols used in IoT include WiFi [12], Bluetooth [13], ZigBee [14], and LoRaWAN [15]. The third aspect, namely the platform consists of software and services that function to manage data that has been collected by IoT devices and provide services such as device management, data management, data analysis, and connecting to the cloud [16]. The fourth aspect, namely application, consists of applications and services that are used to process and analyze data on IoT devices, thereby enabling users to monitor, control, and automate IoT devices [11] [17]. ...
Cucumber is one of the horticultural commodities that has good prospects for cultivation because cucumber plants can be marketed domestically and abroad. Soil condition and fertility a very important factors in increasing agricultural growth and production. The ideal data for a good soil pH for planting cucumbers is 6-7, for a soil temperature of 18-30ºC and humidity of 50-60%. Ignorance of farmers about the value and condition of the land can lead to poor production of cucumber plants. Therefore the authors created a control and monitoring system to monitor soil conditions or growing media in cucumber plants. In this system, there is a soil pH sensor, temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor, and automatic sprinkler for fertilizer when the soil pH value is less than the specified limit. This system also applies the Internet of Things concept for sending data on the Telkom IoT Platform platform. Based on the test results of testing the soil temperature sensor, it gets an average error value of 0.67% and an accuracy value of 99.33%. Testing the soil moisture sensor obtains an error value and accuracy of 4.80% and 95.20%, respectively. Whereas in testing the pH sensor which was calibrated using the linear regression method, it obtained an average error value of 1.69% and an accuracy of 98.31%.
... These applications collect the data from the IoT devices and help in analyzing the data. Many researchers have presented an extensive review on IoT communication protocols and architecture [1] [2] [3] [4]. ...
With the advancement of innovative technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become quite popular in various applications such as smart homes, smart cities, agriculture, healthcare, etc. However, the heterogeneity of IoT protocols can cause security challenges to wireless networks. Thus, we have presented a systematic review of IoT technologies such as ZigBee, radio frequency identification (RFID), Bluetooth, WiFi, ethernet, augmented reality, embedded subscriber identification module (E-SIM), and smart sensors along with its communication protocols, which are part of IoT-layered architecture. We have bifurcated IoT-layered architecture into the perception, network, and application layer. Furthermore, we have presented IoT security attacks associated with the perception, network, and application layer of IoT-layered architecture. Moreover, we have discussed several IoT security solutions and, open issues and research challenges dedicated to the security of IoT networks. IoT security solutions can provide secure and efficient data communication over wireless networks.
... These studies concluded that the of-grid hybrid renewable systems for rural areas are more effective. Other studies about the off-grid hybrid power systems in Saudi Arabia were presented [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Amran et al., reviewed the current and future status of renewable energy potential in Saudi Arabia such as wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, and biomass [26]. ...
The trend is now to use renewable energy sources to improve energy efficiency in the building sector and preserve the environment. The use of sources as renewable off-grid applications for driven applications in home sector (micro-grids) is very interesting nowadays. The economic factor and the cost of establishing these grids is the main obstacle to these investments. One of the key solutions to reduce the cost and increase the reliability of these grids is how to optimally determine the ratings and combination of some renewable sources based on the location of the house. This paper presents an effective techno-economical design of a stand-alone hybrid system. The system contains a photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine, battery, and diesel generator. This design is performed through an extensive examination of the techno-economical design of a standalone system to provide the desired energy load for a typical household building for both Albaha and Buraydah cities in Saudi Arabia. These two cities have different geographical locations as Albaha is located at latitude 20.0217 degrees north while Buraydah is located at 26.3592 degrees north. These two cities were selected due to the difference in their geographical locations to study the effect of the weather on the building performance in terms of cost of energy, energy penetration, and load met. To enhance the performance of the proposed hybrid system, some constraints were selected, such as Net Present Cost (NPC), and Total Annual Cost (TAC). Results demonstrate that stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems can be applied to improve energy efficiency and economics of the existing buildings. Integration of PV system, wind turbine, battery, and diesel generator in the best configuration can provide a minimum cost of energy of about $0.596/kWh and $0.603/kWh for Albaha and Buraydah cities, respectively.
... Some notable contributions include: Studies have compared different IoT communication protocols, such as MQTT, LwM2M, HTTP, and XMPP, to understand their advantages and disadvantages in various use cases [19]. Researchers have also analyzed the performance of these protocols in terms of security and efficiency [20], [21]. IoT security has been a significant area of research, with studies focusing on identifying threats, security challenges, and potential solutions [22]- [25]. ...
The Internet of Things (IoT) has ushered in a new era of connectivity, transforming industries and societies across the globe. This research delves into the IoT research landscape through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, unveiling technological trends and research focuses. The methodology encompasses data collection, preprocessing, advanced bibliometric techniques, and visualization tools. Results highlight key contributors, collaborative networks, research themes, and influential works. Through analysis and visualization, we gain insights into the trajectory of IoT research, its multidisciplinary nature, and the evolving challenges it addresses. This study serves as a compass for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners navigating the intricate IoT ecosystem.
It’s exciting today to use renewable off-grid sources for driving applications in the home sector (micro-grids). The current tendency is to use renewable energy sources to increase building sector energy efficiency and protect the environment. The economic element and the expense of building these grids is the biggest barrier to these applications. How to best choose the ratings and mix of certain renewable sources based on the location of the house is one of the crucial ways to lower the cost and boost the reliability of these grids. An efficient techno-economical design for a standalone hybrid system is presented in this research. A solar energy using photovoltaic (PV), wind energy, energy storage, and diesel generator are all parts of the system. This design is carried out by a thorough analysis of the techno-economical design of a standalone system to supply the required energy load for a typical residential building for the Saudi Arabian cities of Yanbu and Jubail. Yanbu, which is at latitude 24.0097 degrees north, and Jubail, which is at latitude 27.0726 degrees north, are the two cities’ respective geographical positions. These two cities were chosen for the study of the impact of metrological influences on building performance based on total energy cost, load needs, and energy consumption of the differences in their geographic positions.
To improve the performance of the suggested hybrid system, some restrictions were chosen, including Total Annual Cost (TAC) and Net Present Cost (NPC). Results show that the proposed stand-alone hybrid systems can be used to increase the economics and energy efficiency of existing buildings. For Yanbu and Jubail cities, respectively, the optimal integration of a diesel generator, PV array, wind turbine, and energy storage results in a minimum energy cost of roughly $0.483/kWh and $0.487/kWh.
