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Only few studies on gingival lesions considered large enough populations and contemporary literature does not provide a valid report regarding the epidemiology of gingival lesions within the Italian population. The histopathological and clinical appearance of 538 gingival lesions from northern Italians are described and discussed here.
The case rec...
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Restorative and prosthodontic needs for general population invariably arise sometime in their lifetime, which prompts them to visit the general practitioner or the concerned specialist. It is also true that psychological stress has become a part of life for a common man. Many oral mucosal lesions are prone to exacerbate during episodes of stress an...
The objective of this investigation was to assess the prevalence of oral lichen planus (OLP) in Moroccan patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) from the Hepatology service of Ibn Sina University hospital of Rabat. The study group consisted of 149 patients with HCV infection. All patients with clinical features of OLP were submitted to the s...
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease that frequently involves the oral mucosa. It has been regarded by many authors as a premalignant condition. There has been a continuous debate regarding the possible malignant potential of OLP, and these patients have been recommended to have their lesions monitored two to fou...
Citations
... The topographic distribution varies depending on the study, demonstrating that there are more cases for PG in the maxilla and anterior zone (7) and more cases for POF in the mandible and posterior zone (21), as shown in our study, although the opposite has also been described (6). It is worth highlighting the difficulty in performing location matching, considering that we work with a biobank with available samples. ...
Background:
Collagen is a component of Pyogenic Granuloma (PG) and Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma (POF) and performs different functions in these lesions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of collagen and immunostaining for Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) in the clinical and microscopic findings of PG and POF.
Material and methods:
PG (n=20) and POF (n=20) were selected for clinical evaluation (sex, age, localization, size and evolution time) and microscopic analysis (picrosirius red staining for collagen analysis and immunohistochemistry for TGF-β) performed in the superficial and deep areas of the two lesions. ANOVA/Bonferroni and t-test, Pearson correlation and χ2 were used to compare the sites and parameters analyzed (p<0.05, GraphPad Prism 5.0).
Results:
The depth of PG presented the highest amount of collagen (p<0.001), and its surface showed the lowest amount of type 1 collagen (yellow-red strong birefringence). Type 1 collagen gradually increased in depth of PG, surface and depth of POF (p<0.001). The number of TGF-β+ cells was lower on the surface of PG compared with the depth of PG and the two areas of POF (p<0.001). Sex and localization did not affect these parameters, but the profile of collagen and immunostaining for TGF-β suffered from modifications by the time of evolution and the size of the lesion.
Conclusions:
Although PG and POF are reactive gingival lesions, the expression of TGF-β and its role in collagen showed different biological behaviors in these lesions, suggesting different biological origins for its components.
... As lesões proliferativas não neoplásicas são, em geral, de origem inflamatória ou decorrentes de um estímulo irritativo. Dessa forma, a maioria das lesões localizadas em gengiva são consideradas de natureza reativa e não neoplásica (Carbone et al., 2012;Gupta et al., 2022). Em relação a faixa etária, o pico de incidência foi relatado entre a segunda e a sétima década de vida (Abbeneh, 2006;Zang et al., 2007;Kamath et al., 2013;Kadeh, Saravani e Tajik, 2015;Tamiolakis, 2018;Lakkam et al., 2020;Loth-Elahi, Farzínia e Jaafari-Ashkavandi, 2022). ...
Introdução: As lesões reativas são comumente encontradas na rotina clínica do cirurgião-dentista, possuem caráter multifatorial e são decorrentes de fatores irritativos como cálculos dentários, restaurações extensas ou deficientes, próteses mal adaptadas, implantes dentários, braquetes ortodônticos e corpos estranhos. Objetivo: O objetivo foi relatar um caso de lesão proliferativa não neoplásica localizada em gengiva. Relato de caso: Paciente J. P. A., 63 anos, sexo masculino, feoderma, foi encaminhado ao serviço de Periodontia do Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica (Labclin), devido à presença de uma lesão em gengiva, localizada entre os elementos 21 e 23. O paciente não apresentava alterações sistêmicas e extraorais, verificadas através da anamnese e exame clínico extraoral. No exame clínico intra-oral verificou-se presença de lesão exofítica, séssil, com coloração rosa semelhante a mucosa, superfície lobulada, localizada na gengiva em região anterior na maxila e estendendo-se para região de palato. A lesão media cerca de 22 milímetros. Na avaliação da imagem radiográfica, não houve sinais de nenhuma alteração óssea. Em primeiro momento, por ser uma lesão extensa, foi realizada biópsia incisional, com a hipótese diagnóstica de granuloma piogênico fibrosado. Obtendo-se o resultado histopatológico de granuloma piogênico. No segundo momento cirúrgico, com intuito de remoção total da lesão foi realizada a biópsia excisional, na qual obteve o diagnóstico de processo inflamatório crônico inespecífico sugestivo de granuloma de corpo estranho. Conclusão: Diante disso, ter o conhecimento acerca dessas lesões, saber diferenciá-las, diagnosticá-las é de extrema importância para proporcionar o alicerce de um planejamento e intervenção adequados.
... Of the 169 lesions, neoplastic were 17.2%, 70.4% were nonneoplastic, while OPMD accounted for the remaining 12.4% of the lesions. Carbone et al. observed 12.63% neoplastic, 73.60% nonneoplastic, and 13.7 potentially malignant lesions among 538 lesions if their study's autoimmune category is included in the nonneoplastic lesion (5). The difference in frequencies may be due to different prevalence of diseases in a particular area or differences in mean age between studies, or different gender distribution of sample size. ...
... The gingival lesions were almost equally distributed in female patients (50.29%), and male patients (49.70%), which was inconsistent with the findings of other reported retrospective studies (5,17,23,30). However, equal distribution of gender was reported by Hunasgi et al with male to female ratio of 1:1 in their study of reactive lesions of the oral cavity (21). ...
... The total number of maxillary malignant neoplasms was higher (n=4) than the total number of mandibular malignant neoplasms (n=2) in the present study. Carbone et al. also observed squamous cell carcinoma located more at the maxilla, and this finding is similar to our study (5). ...
Background: The gingiva is the soft tissue component of the periodontium. Gingival diseases could be the first sign to identify underlying local diseases and could be the oral manifestation of systemic illnesses. A retrospective assessment of gingival biopsies could provide us valuable information about existing periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency and distribution of various gingival lesions biopsied between 2016-2019. Material and methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study retrieved data from all gingival lesions biopsied from 2016-2019 and referred to the Department of Oral pathology, Surendera Dental College. Histologic sections were reviewed in a blinded manner by two certified oral pathologists to confirm the histologic findings and its diagnosis. The pattern of the gingival epithelium, nature of keratinization, other epithelial features, type of connective tissue, vascular features, type of inflammatory cell infiltrate, the intensity of inflammatory cell infiltrate, distribution of inflammatory cells, distribution of mineralization, multinucleated giant cells and various other characteristics were noted. The results were tabulated and statistical significance was analysed with SPSS v23.0 using Chi-square test. Results: Out of 1990 biopsies sent to the oral pathology department, 169 (8.49%) were gingival biopsies. 70.4% of gingival lesions were non-neoplastic, 17.2% were neoplastic and 12.4% were Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). The gingival neoplasms were more common in the 3rd decade of life and had a female preponderance. The non-neoplastic lesions had a slight male predilection. The neoplasms consisted of 29 entities-23 (79.3%) benign and 6 (20.7%) malignant. Observed neoplasms included ameloblastoma, peripheral odontogenic fibroma, squamous papilloma, fibroma, hemangiopericytoma, lobular capillary hemangioma, peripheral ossifying fibroma and traumatic neuroma. Out of the six malignant neoplasms, three cases (50.0 %) were oral squamous cell carcinoma and two cases (33.3 %) were verrucous carcinoma and one case (16.7%) was round cell neoplasm. Out of the 119 nonneoplastic lesions, 55 cases (46.2%) were inflammatory lesions and 41 cases (34.5%) were fibroepithelial hyperplasia. Out of the 21 OPMD, seventeen cases (81.0%) of epithelial dysplasia mild and three cases (14.3%) of epithelial dysplasia moderate were the most frequent, followed by one case (4.8.%) of lichen planus with dysplasia. Conclusions: Inflammatory lesions were the most common gingival lesions. We observed higher incidence of neoplasms than reported literature. This study gives valuable data about the frequencies and distributions of various gingival lesions anong Rajasthani population over 4 years.
... Microscopic examination of biopsy specimens by oral pathologists provides a reliable way to diagnose and categorize gingival and alveolar ridge (GAR) lesions to ensure that appropriate management procedures are selected. Previous studies have focused on GAR mucosal lesions (Eversole and Rovin 1972, Anneroth and Sigurdson 1983, Barasch et al., 1995, Ababneh 2006, Zhang et al., 2007, Shamim et al., 2008, Buchner et al., 2010, Effiom et al., 2011, Carbone et al., 2012, Hunasgi et al., 2017, Alblowi and Binmadi 2018, Hernandez-Rios et al., 2018, although many were solely devoted to reactive lesions (Eversole and Rovin 1972, Anneroth and Sigurdson 1983, Zhang et al., 2007, Buchner et al., 2010, Effiom et al., 2011, Hunasgi et al., 2017, a specific neoplasm only (Barasch et al., 1995), or a mixture of NPIGDs and DPIGCs (Carbone et al., 2012, Alblowi andBinmadi 2018). ...
... SCC was by far the most common malignancy, with a mean age significantly higher than that seen with other malignancies, a mandibular predilection, and an increased prevalence in the alveolar versus the gingival mucosae (26 versus 18 cases, respectively). Our findings in the present study are supported by the results of several previously published studies (Shamim et al., 2008, Carbone et al., 2012, Kamath et al., 2013, Hernandez-Rios et al., 2018, Li et al., 2021. A more recent study (Li et al., 2021) actually found SCC to be the most common single gingival lesion in their large series (approximately 31% of all lesions), and reports from Asia suggested that SCC was significantly more common there than in the West (Shingaki et al., 2002, Mehrotra et al., 2003, Li et al., 2021, along with the mean ...
Background
Focal tissue overgrowths on the gingiva and edentulous alveolar ridge are occasionally perplexing to periodontists, owing to the wide variety of differential diagnoses that may be responsible. As such, biopsy and microscopy are often required to establish a definitive diagnosis. The present study aimed to retrospectively evaluate focal gingival and alveolar ridge overgrowths at a single institution in Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods
Histopathology reports and slides from patients presenting to King Saud University Hospital between 1984 and 2016, particularly those with focal gingival enlargements other than those due to gingivitis and periodontitis, were collected and analyzed based on age, sex, and location.
Results
A total of 624 patient records were evaluated, with a mean age of 35 years (range, 1 week–91 years), peak incidence in the third decade of life, male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4, and a slightly higher prevalence of lesions in the mandible. The majority (88%) of the lesions were reactive or hyperplastic, followed by malignant (10%) and benign (2%) tumors. A total of 24 distinct histological entities were diagnosed across the three groups. The most common histologically diagnosed lesions were pyogenic granulomas (38%), fibromas (33%), peripheral ossifying fibromas (9%), squamous cell carcinomas (7%), peripheral giant cell granulomas (6%), neurofibromas (1%), and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (1%).
Conclusion
Similar to what has been reported by most previous studies, reactive hyperplastic lesions were the most prevalent focal overgrowths found in the gingival and alveolar mucosae. Carcinomas at these sites, however, may be an understated but significant clinical and epidemiological problem in Saudi Arabia. Gingival and alveolar ridge lumps can serve as a nexus for cooperation between periodontologists and oral pathologists to improve diagnosis, disease classification, and patient management.
... Gingiva has long been focused by many clinicians as one of the most prevalent sites for numerous diseases affecting oral health [1]. Although the majority of gingival lesions are inflammatory diseases caused by dental plaque biofilms, gingiva can be involved by a number of neoplastic or non-neoplastic diseases with etiologies other than bacterial biofilms [2,3]. Non-neoplastic lesions are usually reactive in response to chronic irritations; i.e., Pyogenic Granuloma (PG), fibroma, and Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma (POF) [4]. ...
... Up to now, few studies have assessed the prevalence and distribution of all gingival lesions in different countries [2,4,7,16]. According to the present study results, gingival lesions accounted for 18.92% of all the cases. ...
... Some studies have used different classifications and considered some reactive lesions in the group of neoplastic lesions, thereby reporting a higher incidence of neoplasms [8,18]. The present study findings demonstrated that the prevalence of malignant neoplastic lesions (4.3%) was slightly higher than that of benign tumors (3.3%), which was in line with the findings of other studies carried out in Italy, India, and Chile [2,8,19]. Most studies indicated the prevalence rate of about 2-8% for gingival malignant neoplasms [2,6,10,12,18,19]. ...
Background
Up to now, limited research has been done on a significant number of cases with all types of gingival lesion. Besides, the available literature does not provide reliable data on the epidemiology of gingival lesions, especially non-reactive lesions. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the frequency and distribution of gingival lesions in an Iranian population.
Methods
This retrospective study was conducted on 1000 gingival biopsy samples during 22 years. All lesion types were evaluated in terms of location, clinical signs and symptoms, and patients’ age and gender. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test.
Results
Out of the 5284 oral lesions, 1000 (18.92%) gingival lesions were detected, with a female dominance (64.06%). The incidence peak (35.6%) was observed in the third and fourth decades. Non-neoplastic lesions accounted for 92.4% of the cases. The most common reports were related to reactive lesions (71.8%), with the highest prevalence being related to pyogenic granuloma. Additionally, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was the most common neoplasm, and exophytic changes and color changes were the most frequent clinical signs.
Conclusions
The study findings indicated the high prevalence of gingival pathological lesions. Although most biopsies were reactive in nature, a few cases were malignant, which must be considered by practitioners. Further research is needed to achieve a clear impression about non-neoplastic lesions so as to develop more helpful oral health planning.
... 3 However, there are several nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions that give rise to a unique set of lesions. 4 Neoplastic lesions can be benign or malignant, depending on their progressive autonomous growth. Non-neoplastic lesions may be inflammatory in origin, or can arise as a reaction to some kind of irritation or lowgrade injury. ...
... Periodontists, along with oral pathologists, make a collaborative team in terms of final accurate diagnosis, management and referral for treatment of gingival lesions. 7 Although a few studies in the literature have discussed the epidemiology of gingival lesions, 4,8,9 no study to date has reported the frequency distribution of these lesions according to the proceedings of the 2017 World Workshop on Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. 1 The aim of the present study was to report the frequency distribution of the gingival lesions biopsied at a tertiary care referral center during the last 3 years as per the new classification scheme and to compare it with the 1999 International Workshop classification system. ...
... 16 Malignant tumors, including OSCC and lymphoma, represented the third most frequent non-plaque-induced gingival lesions (21.92%), with OSCC prevailing over lymphoma, which is similar to the previously reported findings. 4,17 Oral squamous cell carcinoma has been proven to be the most common type of cancer, reaching a frequency of 3.85% among all non-plaque-induced gingival lesions. 18 In addition, the gingiva is the third most common site for OSCC after carcinoma of the floor of the mouth and carcinoma of the tongue. ...
Background:
The gingiva is a common site for neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions. Neoplasms refer to progressive autonomous growth that can have either a benign or a malignant course. On the other hand, non-neoplastic lesions are mainly inflammatory, or occur as a reaction to some kind of irritation or lowgrade injury.
Objectives:
Assessing the frequency distribution of gingival lesions is important to optimize oral health care services. The present study retrospectively analyzed the frequency distribution of gingival lesions on the basis of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. The secondary objective was to compare this system with the 1999 International Workshop classification system.
Material and methods:
The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histopathological slides of the gingival lesions reported over the last 3 years (2018-2020) were retrieved from the archive of the Division of Oral Pathology and Microbiology at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. Correlating clinical, radiological and pathological details enabled the categorization of lesions according to the new classification system.
Results:
In total, 73 gingival lesions were analyzed. Among these, reactive processes were the most frequent (39.73%), followed by inflammatory and immune conditions and lesions (26.03%), malignant tumors (21.92%), benign epithelial lesions (5.48%), and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) (5.48%). Genetic/developmental disorders were the least frequent (1.37%). However, as per the 1999 American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) system, the majority of lesions belonged to a non-specified category.
Conclusions:
The frequency distribution of biopsied gingival lesions according to the 2017 World Workshop classification in comparison with the previous classification system showed that differences between the 2 systems could be attributed to heterogeneous terminology rather than to real geographical variations.
... These lesions should be therefore investigated further to obtain a definitive diagnosis. As MMP-induced DG does not respond well to systemic medications, 22 topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment. All of our patients had benefit from topical corticosteroid either with or without topical antifungals depending on history of secondary oral candidiasis. ...
Background/purpose
Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare autoimmune disease affecting mucous membrane of the body. Oral involvement is common causing chronic and painful lesions. This study aimed to characterize oral MMP in a group of Thai patients and to analyze treatment regimens.
Materials and methods
The files of patients attending Oral Medicine Clinic were retrospectively studied. Patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria of MMP were included. Chief complaints, medical and dental history, oral manifestations and investigations of individual patients were summarized. Treatment regimens and efficacy were also analyzed.
Results
There were fourteen patients (age range 33–70 years) with a diagnosis of MMP. The prevalence of oral MMP was 0.51%. The lesions presented as vesicles, blood blisters, erosions, ulcers, erythema, either one type or in combination. Common complaints were chronic painful and bleeding gums. Gingival lesions were found in 13 of 14 patients (92.86%). The most common direct immunofluorescence findings were linear C3 at basement membrane zone (92.31%) followed by linear IgG deposition (84.62%). Most lesions were successfully managed with topical and/or systemic corticosteroids. The average time to control disease was 1.97 months (IQR, 0.69–12.73 months).
Conclusion
Gingival lesions are very common in MMP. Mainstay of treatment is combination of systemic and topical corticosteroids. Multidisciplinary care including oral hygiene maintenance is necessary.
... While most lesions that occurr on oral gums are inflammatory diseases induced by dental plaque biofilm [1]. gingiva can also be affected by a variety of neoplastic or non-neoplastic conditions that show aetiologies different from bacterial biofilm [2]. Accurate diagnosis is essential for better management of these lesions because of their various effects on clinical behavior and the required treatment. ...
... Previous studies regarding the classification of biopsied gingival lesions mainly divided them into three categories: non-neoplastic lesions, benign lesions, and malignant lesions [2,7,8], and the majority of biopsied samples were non-neoplastic lesions. Consistent with their reports, our statistical results also showed that the largest number of NDPIGDs were hyperplastic lesions, with 38.61% of all lesions. ...
... In our results, hyperplastic lesions widely ranged between and 20-59 years of age, with an incidence peak between and 30-39 years; however, this is not in complete agreement with previous studies. In a similar study, the highest frequency appeared in patients between and 60-69 years [2], while two other studies pointed out that the majority of biopsied samples were between 30-39 years and 20-29 years [6,18]. We assumed that the inconsistency was possibly caused by different criteria as well as pathological diagnosis habits. ...
Background
While inflammatory diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis induced by dental plaque biofilms constitute the majority of gingival lesions, gingiva can also be affected by a variety of diseases with aetiologies different from bacterial biofilms. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the frequency and distribution of non-dental plaque-induced gingival diseases (NDPIGDs) in the Chinese population in a single institute.
Methods
A total of 6859 samples of biopsied gingival diseases during the period 2000–2019 were obtained from the Department of Pathology, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology. Lesions were categorized by histopathological diagnosis, pathological characteristics and the new classification of gingival health and gingival diseases/conditions. Demographic information, such as gender, location, and age, were also analyzed.
Results
Among 6859 biopsied NDPIGD samples, the five most frequent diagnoses included oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, n = 2094), fibrous hyperplasia (n = 2026), pyogenic granuloma (n = 478), epithelial dysplasia (n = 477), and epithelial hyperplasia/hyperkeratosis (n = 436). All types could be grouped into nine categories according to their pathological characteristics. The most common biopsied NDPIGDs category was “hyperplastic lesions” (n = 2648, 38.61%), followed by “malignant neoplasms” (n = 2275, 33.17%). The most common diagnosis types in each category were fibrous hyperplasia and OSCC. Of all NDPIGDs, most lesions could be categorized into the new classification of gingival health and gingival diseases/conditions; only 7.07% did not fit the current classification system.
Conclusions
The present study is the first report on the frequency and distribution of biopsied NDPIGDs in a Chinese population. Unlike previous studies, the most prevalent categories were “hyperplastic lesions” and “malignant neoplasms”. The proportion of “malignant neoplasms” and “oral potentially malignant disorders” was remarkably higher than in previous researches. Nevertheless, the study provided epidemiological information on many NDPIGDs, which could be useful for future health policies as well as screening programs.
... The non-neoplastic lesions are usually inflammatory (the result of an inflammatory response to plaque/calculus) or reactive (representing a reaction to a number of localized irritants). The neoplastic lesions represent autonomous progressive growths, and can either be benign or malignant [3][4][5]. Although gingivitis has been reported to be the most common pathologic condition affecting the gingiva, a number of other common and uncommon, localized or systemic pathologic conditions may also involve the gingiva [6,7]. ...
... Manjunatha et al. [3] also found nonneoplastic gingival lesions to peak in the 10-19 years age group. In other studies, Shamim et al. [10] and Kamath et al. [9] both found non-neoplastic gingival lesions to peak between 20-29 years, whereas Carbone et al. [4] found a peak between 30-39 years. Benign neoplasms in this study were distributed equally between the third, fourth and fifth decades of life. ...
... Kamath et al. [10] and Alblowi et al. [6] both found malignant gingival lesions to be more common in males. Carbone et al. [4] found more cases of benign lesions in males. These differences may be attributed to geographical location as well as health seeking behaviour, as females have been shown to have a better health seeking behaviour than males [17]. ...
Background: Lesions of the gingiva account for a significant portion of the diagnostic workload of any oral pathology practice. Biopsy is important in establishing a definitive diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency and distribution of biopsied gingival lesions in a Nigerian population. Methods: This was a retrospective study of all gingival biopsies performed over a 10-year period. Data on age, gender, site (maxillary or mandibular) and histopathological diagnosis were recorded. The lesions were categorized into two groups: non-neoplastic and neoplastic, with the neoplastic lesions further divided into benign and malignant lesions. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Results: There were a total of 501 orofacial biopsies during the period under review, with gingival biopsies accounting for 73 (14.6%) cases. The mean age of subjects was 29.6 ± 20.1 years. There were 48 (65.8%) females and 25 (34.2%) males. Non-neoplastic lesions were 50 (68.5%), while neoplastic lesions were 23 (31.5%). The non-neoplastic lesions had an average age of 25.9 ± 17.7 years, and were encountered most frequently in the 10-19 years age group. Eighteen (36.0%) cases occurred in males, while 32 (64.0%) cases were seen in females. The maxillary gingiva (56.0%) was affected more often than the mandibular gingiva (44.0%). Pyogenic granuloma was the most frequent non-neoplastic lesion, accounting for 35 (70%) cases, followed by peripheral ossifying fibroma (n=6; 12%). The neoplastic lesions had a mean age of 37.1 ± 22.9 years, and consisted of 20 (87%) benign and 3 (13%) malignant lesions. The mean age for benign lesions was 35.3 ± 21.6 years, with a peak occurrence between 20 – 49 years. Females were almost twice more frequently affected than males. The mandibular gingiva accounted for 55% of the benign lesions. The most common benign lesion was fibroma (n=8; 40%) followed by ameloblastoma (n=3; 15%). Malignant lesions accounted for 4.1 % of the biopsied gingival lesions, with a mean age 48.7 ± 33.2 years. There was one case each of Kaposi’s sarcoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoma. Conclusion: There is need for histologic examination of all excised gingival swellings.
... While most lesions that occurr on oral gums are inflammatory diseases induced by dental plaque biofilm [1]. gingiva can also be affected by a variety of neoplastic or non-neoplastic diseases that show different etiologies from bacterial biofilm [2]. Accurate diagnosis is essential for better management of these lesions because of their various effects on clinical behavior and later treatment. ...
... Previous studies regarding the classification of biopsied gingival lesions were mainly divided into three categories: non-neoplastic lesions, benign lesions, and malignant lesions [2,6,7], and the majority of biopsied samples showed non-neoplastic lesions. ...
... In our results, hyperplastic lesions widely ranged between and 20-59 years of age, with an incidence peak between and 30-39 years; however, this is not in complete agreement with previous studies. In a similar study, the highest frequency appeared in patients between and 60-69 years [2], while another two studies pointed out that the majority of biopsied samples were between 30-39 years and 20-29 years [5,13]. We assumed that the inconsistency was possibly caused by different criteria as well as pathological diagnosis habits. ...
Background: While inflammatory diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis induced by dental plaque biofilms constitute the majority of gingival lesions, gingiva can also be affected by a variety of diseases that show etiologies different from bacterial biofilms. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the frequency and distribution of non-dental plaque-induced gingival diseases (NDPIGDs) in a Chinese population.
Methods: A total of 6859 samples of biopsied gingival diseases during the period of 2000-2019 were obtained from the Department of Pathology, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology. Lesions were categorized by histopathological diagnosis, pathological nature and the new classification of gingival health and gingival diseases/conditions. Demographic information, such as gender, location, and age, were also analyzed.
Results: Among 6859 biopsied NDPIGD samples, the five most frequent diagnoses included oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, n=2094), fibrous hyperplasia (n=2026), pyogenic granuloma (n=478), epithelial dysplasia (n=477), and epithelial hyperplasia/hyperkeratosis (n=436). All types could be grouped into nine categories according to their pathological characteristics. The most frequently common biopsied NDPIGDs category was “hyperplastic lesions” (n=2648, 38.61%), followed by “malignant neoplasms” (n=2275, 33.17%). The most common diagnosis types in each category were fibrous hyperplasia and OSCC. Of all NDPIGDs, most lesions could be categorized into the new classification of gingival health and gingival diseases/conditions; only 7.07% did not fit the current classification system.
Conclusions: The present study represents the first report on the frequency and distribution of biopsied NDPIGDs in a Chinese population. Unlike previous studies, the most prevalent categories were “hyperplastic lesions” and “malignant neoplasms”. The proportion of “malignant neoplasms” and “oral potentially malignant disorders” was remarkably higher than in previous research. Nevertheless, the study provided epidemiological information for many NDPIGDs, which could be useful for future health policies as well as screening programs.
