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Child oncology team map plotting all different users involved in the child oncology care process.
Source publication
Designing for teamwork in healthcare requires a thorough understanding of the working context and routines of the different user groups involved. This paper presents a design project in the context of child oncology in which we demonstrate the use of a newly developed ethnographic method for design research called the learning history method. The r...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... first result is a team map showing all the different user groups involved in the child oncology care process (see Figure 1). The designer identified 25 different user groups and the informal interviews with the users provided us with the insight that the child oncology team could be divided into four different sub-teams, according to expertise and responsibilities concerning the care process: (1) the medical team, (2) the research team, (3) the psychology team, and (4) the educational team. ...
Context 2
... addition, for each noticeable result, the following 'dimensions' are defined: (1) the goal or aim of the participant related to the noticeable result (e.g. be informed), (2) the emotional state of Table 2. Selected participants for the field research, 5 representing the eight user groups in the inner circle of the team map (see Figure 1). ...
Context 3
... enabled him to work around the hierarchies that are still strongly present in the healthcare environment, which is necessary to investigate teamwork. The designer created a team map as presented in Figure 1 to explain his findings to the users. The evaluation of the team map also initiated a collaboration between the designer and the users that would last through- out the design process. ...
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In an educational context, one of the design project considerations tutors take into account is the familiarity of design students with the target user group and use environment. For encouraging them to cultivate empathy in diverse human experiences, tutors make students engage in projects involving user groups who are not familiar to them. During...
Citations
... A longitudinal study of successive cases may better identify whether the professionals actually learned. A richer understanding of the learning process may result from studying multiple perspectives within collective learning, for instance, with a learning histories approach (Kleinsmann, Sarri, & Melles, 2020;Roth & Kleiner, 1998). The applied theoretical lens which was useful in this study (i.e. ...
Collaborative research projects are great opportunities for the involved design professionals to learn. Many design professionals join in such collaborations to contribute with their existing professional expertise, but also to further develop and extend that expertise. However, learning by individuals is usually not the main aim, and we lack insight in the learning opportunities through collaboration in such projects. We propose that we need to understand this learning process better in order to make this happen more often and more effectively. This paper presents how four design professionals who each participated in different collaborative research projects look back on their learning processes. We interviewed each participant and drew a process map with them. The results show that these projects offer multifaceted learning opportunities and outcomes of important value for the professionals .The paper shows that their learning a) is not always easily recognised by the professionals themselves, b) benefits from their active engagement as learners, and c) requires supportive conditions in project arrangements. The paper provides guidelines for lead researchers, design professionals, as well as funding agencies to recog-nise and value this learning, to support explicit reflection and articula-tion, and to facilitate supportive learning conditions.
... Dies ermöglicht den Einbezug der relevanten Personen im Verlauf der Entwicklung im sinnvollen und notwendigen Ausmaß [23]. ...
Zusammenfassung Partizipatives Design (PD) ermöglicht den Einbezug von Nutzer:innen in den Entwicklungsprozess digitaler Technologien im Gesundheitswesen. Der Einsatz von PD birgt jedoch Hürden, da theoretische und methodische Entscheidungen zu treffen sind. Oftmals werden diese in Forschungsarbeiten in der Versorgungsforschung nicht hinreichend dargestellt oder begründet. Dies kann zu einer eingeschränkten Bewertbarkeit und Nachvollziehbarkeit der Ergebnisse führen. Der vorliegen-de Beitrag thematisiert drei Schwerpunkte: Erstens wird ein Überblick über die wesentlichen theoretischen und methodischen Entscheidungen gegeben, die im Rahmen des PD aus Perspektive der Versorgungsforschung getroffen werden müssen. Zweitens werden die damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen aufgezeigt und drittens Erfordernisse für die zukünftige Anwendung und (Weiter-)Entwicklung des PD in der Versorgungsforschung beschrieben.
Abstract: The use of participatory design (PD) provides a framework for involving users in the process of developing healthcare technologies. Within PD, theoretical and methodological decisions need to be made. However, these decisions are often not adequately described or justified. This can lead to limited interpretability of the results. This paper has three objectives: First, to provide an overview of the key theoretical and methodological decisions that must be made in PD from the perspective of health services research; second, to describe the associated challenges and third, to describe action requirements for the future development of PD in health services research.
... The ability to translate these concepts to products is largely dependent on the level of understanding and empathy that a designer can have for the users (Battarbee & Koskinen, 2005;Kouprie & Visser, 2009). A designer with a personal connection to the user group or a strong commitment to the project is more likely to feel empathy with the users (Kleinsmann et al., 2020;van Rijn et al., 2011). Designers need to develop empathetic and communicative coping strategies (van Onselen et al., 2020) and be motivated by personal values and principles (Cross & Cross, 1996) that align with the standards of the design profession (Baha et al., 2018;McDonnell, 2016). ...
... • Learning Histories method (Kleinsmann et al., 2018) • Multi Level Design Model (Boru et al., 2015) • Medical Metroline (Griffioen et al., 2021) ...
... • Learning Histories method (Kleinsmann et al., 2018) • Patient Synthesis Maps (Jones et al., 2017). ...
Background
In this paper we focus on medical device development (MDD) in Industrial Design Engineering (IDE) academia. We want to find which methods our MDD-students currently use, where our guidance has shortcomings and where it brings added value.
Methods
We have analysed 19 master and 3 doctoral MDD-theses in our IDE curriculum. The evaluation focusses around four main themes: 1) regulatory 2) testing 3) patient-centricity and 4) systemic design.
Results
Regulatory aspects and medical testing procedures seem to be disregarded frequently. We assume this is because of a lack of MDD experience and the small thesis timeframe. Furthermore, many students applied medical-oriented systemic tools, which enhances multiperspectivism. However, we found an important lack in the translation to the List of Specifications and to business models of these medical devices. Finally, students introduced various participatory techniques, but seem to struggle with implementing this in the setting of evidence-based medicine.
... Donetto et al. (2015) describe the potential for experience-based co-design to improve healthcare, but to do this well requires both staff and patients to renegotiate their roles and expectations as power bases are renegotiated. Kleinsmann, Sarri, and Melles (2020) suggest that good teamwork in healthcare is difficult when team members have different routines, exacerbated by unpredictable, constantly changing healthcare scenarios and the pressures of time. ...
... Furthermore, they may lack the expertise and experience to successfully and effectively navigate the healthcare context, especially when they are not embedded in it (Reay, Craig, and Kayes 2019). Consequently, designers need to understand the specific context in which they are working to be successful in healthcare transformation, which can be challenging (Kleinsmann, Sarri, and Melles 2020). This requires designers to nurture the necessary skills and competences to be most effective when deploying patient-centred and evidence-based design in healthcare (No€ el 2017). ...
The emerging Design for Health (D4H) field has considerable potential to identify and address existing challenges faced by healthcare systems. D4H is a challenging environment for designers (and others who desire to ‘do things differently’) to work in. D4H projects require transdisciplinary approaches, making it more difficult for those who come from different perspectives to work effectively together. This paper reflects on the challenges and opportunities of those working in the field and describes the development of a practical toolkit to support teams embarking on D4H projects.
... 12 Learning histories as an ethnographic method showed its potential in fostering teamwork and eliciting the relationships among professionals with different expertise in the field of pediatric surgical oncology. 13 General soft skills training represents an effective strategy to bridge cultural differences, thereby allowing diverse teams to more fully reach their potential, enhancing the ability "to act as a we". 14 Setting protocols like the creation of mixed and interdisciplinary teams, face-to-face meetings, communities of practices, the use of knowledge synthesis and reviews, question and answer sessions, presentations of clinical case studies, journal clubs, departmental conferences, time dedicated to debates, and boot camps have all proved to be effective tools to facilitate the cooperation of diverse surgical teams. ...
Mini Abstract: Diverse teams have proven their ability to reach superior performance and improve patients' outcomes. Nevertheless, differences in race, gender, age, nationality, skills, education, and experience act as powerful barriers to diversity and inclusion, which negatively impacts multiple healthcare organizations and limits the potential outcome of diverse teams. Knowledge Translation (KT) can help to bridge the gaps among all the various individuals involved, whether they be members of the surgical team or surgical patients.
... Likewise, Dul et al. [9] identify four stakeholder groups; system actors, system experts, system decision makers, and system influencers. In HCD projects like Kleinsmann's [24] or Caprari's [23], stakeholders are often chosen based on their impact on the actual use of the design, and thus mainly involve system actors. ...
... Vice versa, the work or life of these people may be influenced by the new intervention and therefore they need to be taken into account throughout the design process. Kleinsmann et al.[24] started their design project on parental involvement in medical cancer teams by identifying -based on literature and informal interviews-25 different stakeholder groups involved in pediatric oncology ranging from the child patient, supervising oncologist and parents to the psychologist and teacher; all were plotted on a team map. In this team map, the patient is central, as the initial design brief was to improve patient care through parental involvement in medical teamwork. ...
Human-centered design is about understanding human needs and how design can respond to these needs. With its systemic humane approach and creativity, human-centered design can play an essential role in dealing with today's care challenges. 'Design’ refers to both the process of designing and the outcome of that process, which includes physical products, services, procedures, strategies, and policies. In this paper, we address the three key characteristics of human-centered design, focusing on its implementation in healthcare: (1) developing an understanding of people and their needs; (2) engaging stakeholders from early on and throughout the design process; (3) adopting a systems approach by systematically addressing interactions between the micro, meso and macro-levels of sociotechnical care systems, and the transition from individual interests to collective interests.
... Graphical representations are also common among physicians as "additional tools which help physicians provide safe, cost-effective, better-quality care" (Baigorri et al., 2013). Design can also support the communication and relationship among healthcare professionals, fostering teamwork (Kleinsmann et al., 2018). Design through images stand as an effective way to communicate with the patients and their families in several clinical disciplines, such as pediatrics (Featherstone et al., 2018), sexual healthcare (Dadich et al., 2015), family medicine and oncology (Gibbon, 2011), among others. ...
... Some recent studies report experiences of patients or stakeholders' engagement, especially in the field of feedback questionnaires and quality assessment (Kearns et al., 2019;Papoulias, 2018), new software/websites related to healthcare (Nguyen et al., 2019;Osei-Frimpong et al., 2018) or apps (Crosby et al., 2017;Jessen et al., 2018;Kildea et al., 2019;Marent et al., 2018;Mirkovic et al., 2018;Terp et al., 2016;Terrill et al., 2019). Previous studies show how most healthcare settings are specific, sometimes hectic and emotionally charged domains (Kleinsmann et al., 2018). Design might help the knowledge translation process, but the specific context must be taken into account. ...
Purpose
The paper aims to contribute to the debate concerning the use of knowledge translation for implementing co-production processes in the healthcare sector. The study investigates a case study, in which design was used to trigger knowledge translation and foster co-production.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper employs a case study methodology by analysing the experience of “Oncology in Motion”, a co-production program devoted to the recovery of breast cancer patients carried on by the IRCCS C.R.O. of Aviano, Italy.
Findings
Results show how design could help to translate knowledge from various stakeholders with different skills (e.g. scientists, physicians, nurses) and emotional engagement (e.g. patients and patients' associations) during all the phases of a co-production project to support breast cancer patients in a recovery path. Stewardship theory is used to show that oncology represents a specific research context.
Practical implications
The paper highlights the vast practical contribution that design can have in empowering knowledge translation at different levels and in a variety of co-production phases, among different stakeholders, facilitating their engagement and the achievement of the desired outcomes.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to the literature on knowledge translation in co-production projects in the healthcare sector showing how design can be effectively implemented.
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent cardiac diseases in the world. How might we design patient journeys improving quality of life using wearable cardiac devices for continuous out of hospital monitoring and support? Most of the studies to date have emphasised the technical aspects of implementing such devices with less focus on human factors. As such, remote cardiac monitoring appears to be burdened by poor patient adherence. This research study proposed a journey map based on Roger's technology adoption model to understand the challenges faced by AF patients and non/asymptomatic patients in using wearable devices to monitor their health. Data from semi-structured interviews conducted in Denmark with 12 participants aged 24 to 65 years was used. Interview results show that citizens prefer tracking heart activity only in conjunction with other measures such as steps or sleep and do not feel motivated to track their heart activity on a daily basis. Patients view wearables as a valuable tool to check if their health is all right, although apprehension that devices can cause unnecessary worry can lead to their rejection. Finally, recommendations for the design of patient journeys when using wearables were made.
The increased availability of routine healthcare data collected through electronic medical record (EMR) systems provide opportunities for a much greater data-driven approach to healthcare. In infectious diseases, a number of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) have shown promising results to improve quality and safety of healthcare management. However, most CDSSs have not been evaluated in real-world clinical settings and are not implemented into clinical practice. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the major challenges in translating CDSS research in infectious diseases into effective tools suitable for use in the clinical setting. Exemplars of real-world implementations and experience of introducing CDSS in infectious diseases are provided, and discussion on measurable outcomes, integration, and framework for clinical implementation proposed.
