Table 1 - uploaded by M. Enamul Hossain
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The present study was undertaken to observe the chemical composition of different types of rice polish available in different areas of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Twenty different types of rice polishes were collected from study areas. Chemical analyses of the samples were carried out in triplicate for moisture, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), cru...
Similar publications
The study was undertaken to investigate the variations in the chemical
composition of different broiler starter and finisher feeds produced by
different feed companies in Bangladesh. The test results of two hundred
twenty different broiler starter and finisher feeds were collected from the
Poultry Research and Training Centre (PRTC) laboratory of C...
Citations
... In present study the mean moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and ash values of rice polish was 9.8%, 13.8%, 9.9%, 19.1% and 9.4% respectively ( Table 5). Hossain et al. [40] analysed 20 different types of rice polish samples collected from different areas of Chittagong, Bangladesh who reported that CP content range from 4.7-14.9%, CF content range from 6.4-41.5%, ...
The study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient content and fungal contamination of commercial poultry feeds and raw materials available in Gazipur and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh. A total of 67 commercial poultry feed (broiler and layer) and raw materials were collected from different poultry farms, dealers and shops. They feed samples and raw materials were then analyzed in terms of DM (Dry matter), CP (crude protein), EE (ether extract), ash and calcium concentration. Crude protein is the main constituent and is found in the range of 20-22.5% and 15.3-19.5% for broiler and layer feeds, respectively. Moisture content ranged between 9.7-11.2% in both broiler and layer feed indicating good storage condition. Other nutrients such as crude fat and crude fiber content in broiler and layer feed were 3.6-6.9% and 3.0-5.8%, respectively. Layer feed contains a higher amount of calcium (3.1-4.6%) and total ash (8.3-13.3%) than the broiler feed. The moisture percentage of raw materials was below the recommended value. About 40-60% crude protein was found in protein-rich feed ingredients and other nutrients such as crude fat (17.2-19.1%) and crude fiber (9.9-13.1%) were higher in energy-rich ingredients. On the other hand, fungal contamination in broiler and layer feed, and raw materials was found in about 28.5%, 30.0% and 46.0%, respectively. The proximate composition and fungal contamination of poultry feed and raw materials were varied due to environment, processing method, storage condition and adulteration, etc. In conclusion, findings of the nutrient content and fungal contamination of commercial poultry feed and raw materials will help the feed mill owners and commercial poultry farmers to prepare quality feed and to formulate quality poultry ration.
... En el proceso de limpieza del arroz (Oryza sativa) blanco (endospermo) se generan los subproductos como el AQ, mezcla del proceso de selección de grano entero [40] y el PA, formado por las capas externas del grano de arroz (pericarpio y tegmen), usados como insumos alternativos ante el elevado precio del maíz [6,14,26]. El AQ posee valores nutritivos similares de energía y proteína al maíz [10,17,47], mientras que el PA tiene restricciones de uso por el alto contenido de grasa, fibra cruda, principalmente polisacáridos no amiláceos (PNA), ácidos grasos insaturados (AGI) y fósforo fítico (no aprovechable) [28]. ...
La utilización de insumos en la industria avícola como maíz y soya están cada vez más escasos y costosos. Para ser más eficientes, es necesario aprovechar los subproductos locales en las dietas de los animales. En tal sentido, se evaluó el efecto de utilizar diferentes niveles de polvillo de arroz (PA) y arroz quebrado (AQ) en la dieta de gallinas ponedoras Lohmann Brown – Classic: Dieta control (DC, en base a maíz y soya), Tratamiento 1 (T1) (50 gramos (g)/ kilogramos (kg) PA y 150 g·kg -1 AQ), Tratamiento 2 (T2) (50 g·kg -1 PA y 300 g·kg -1 AQ), Tratamiento 3 (T3) (100 g·kg -1 PA y 150 g·kg -1 AQ), Tratamiento 4 (T4) (100 g·kg -1 PA y 300 g·kg -1 AQ) con el uso de enzimas exógenas, en los parámetros productivos, calidad de huevo y evaluación económica. El uso de PA + AQ incrementó de manera significativa (P<0,05) el consumo de alimento, postura y masa de huevo, sin embargo, el color de yema se redujo con el uso de PA y AQ. La evaluación económica demostró que en el T4 (10 % PA + 30 % AQ) se redujo el costo promedio por kg de huevo, aunque con un mayor consumo de alimento, se logró un menor costo promedio por alimento y por ello un mayor margen bruto promedio de 33,55 % en T4 comparado con la DC. Se puede concluir que el uso de subproductos de arroz (PA + AQ) con el uso de enzimas exógenas mejoran los índices productivos e índices económicos en la dieta de gallinas ponedoras.
... RB was composed of moisture = 7.06 ± 0.03%, ash = 14.11 ± 0.12%, crude fat = 13.76 ± 0.08%, crude protein = 10.2 ± 0.27%, crude fiber = 20.91 ± 0.14% and starch = 21.65 ± 0.37%. The chemical composition of RB was in line with Hossain et al. (2012) who reported moisture = 4.0%-11.4%, ash = 7.1%-17.6%, ...
Simultaneous reduction in activity of fat destabilizing enzymes (lipase and lipoxygenase), contaminants heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg), antinutrient phytic acid and hazardous coliforms in rice bran was investigated. Application of washing, soaking the washed sample at different pH values (2, 6 and 9) alone or in combination with ultrasonication were examined. While washing was beneficial, its low efficiency acquired further treatment, which was prevailed by application of acidic pH and ultrasound (28 kHz) treatments. Free fatty acids and peroxide value, as indicators of enzymes activity, implied the effectiveness of treatments with adverse impact of sonication on peroxide value. Remarkably, reduction of dominant heavy metals (As, Pb and Zn) and phytic acid were synergistically facilitated by sonication. Coliforms growth was inhibited at pH 2 even at the absence of ultrasonic treatment. Evidently, combination of acidic pH and ultrasound is a practical approach to improve rice bran stability and safety.
... It consists of pericarp, seed coat, nucleus, aleurone layer, germ and part of the sub-aleurone layer of starchy endosperm (Juliano 1988). For the above, rice polish contains similar metabolisable energy compared with that of grains such as corn or sorghum (NRC 2007, Hossain et al 2012, and have a lower price than those grains; thus, rice polish may be used as an energy supplement in diets based on silages combined with high-protein forages. However, the energy of this by-product comes from a different source compared with other by-products (i.e. ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate ruminal fermentation (i.e. pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acid concentrations) and in situ degradability of diets in sheep fed sugarcane silage (SCS) supplemented with Tithonia diversifolia (Td) or alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay (A), with or without rice (Oriza sativa) polishing (RP) as an energy source. Four Blackbelly sheep (35 kg average body weight) with rumen cannula were used. The experimental diets were (g/kg of dry matter): Diet 1) SCS (686) + Td (294), Diet 2) SCS (460) + Td (226) + RP (294), Diet 3) SCS (637) + A (343), and Diet 4) SCS (441) + A (245) + RP (294). The remainder (20 g/kg of dry matter) was composed by minerals supplement and salt. Samples of diets were incubated into rumen for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 h to determine in situ degradability. Data were analysed with a linear mixed model. The lamb, period and lamb nested in period*diet were considered as a random variable. The inclusion of RP improved the degradability of diets and ammonia production in the rumen. The acetic, propionic, and butyric acid concentrations (mmol/100 mL) in rumen increased (P<0.03) when diets with alfalfa and RP were provided. The degradability of diets based on sugarcane silage supplemented with either alfalfa or Tithonia diversifolia was improved (P<0.05) with the rice polishing inclusion, with no difference (P>0.05) between these forages. In conclusion, energy supplementation, not necessarily from starch, is important to improve rumen fermentation and degradability of diets based on sugarcane silage.
... Sources: a Bhuiyan et al. (2016); b Khan et al. (2013); c Ahammad et al. (2003); d Kawsar et al. (2001); e Hossain et al. (2017); f Tania et al. (2009); g Hossain et al. (2003); h Al Mahmud et al. (2012); j Hossain et al. (2012); k Ali and Leeson (1995); l (Jahan et al., 2013); m Hossain and Jauncey (1989); n Chowdhury (2001); o Khandaker et al. (2007); p Sultana et al. (2016); q Kabir et al. (2005); r Barman and Karim (2007); s (Hossain et al., 2015); t Basak et al. (2002); u Ahmed et al. (2013). Khan et al. (2013); c Hossain et al. (2003); d Barman and Karim (2007); e Aktar et al. (2012); f Tania et al. (2009); g Bhuiyan et al. (2016); h Ali and Leeson (1995). ...
This report provides a comprehensive assessment of existing and potential feed resources for improving aquaculture productivity in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Malaysia, Egypt, Nigeria and Zambia. These countries depend heavily on imports for their supply of quality feed ingredients. The viability and feasibility of ingredients for aquafeed production are scrutinized based on a number of criteria, including availability (more than 1000 t per year), affordability, nutritional value, associated constraints (presence of antinutritional factors and mycotoxins), feed-food competition, environmental impact and sociocultural implications. A comprehensive literature search (both grey and peer-reviewed) coupled with national and international databases were used to create lists of available feed ingredients in each country. Additional information was derived through administration of semi-structural questionnaires to fish farmers, feed manufacturers, ingredient suppliers and other feed experts. In general, ingredients of plant origin are commonly available in the countries surveyed. The most common plant protein sources are soybean meal, mustard oil cake, sesame meal, sunflower meal, groundnut cake, copra cake, palm kernel cake and cotton seed meal. Animal protein sources are limited to by-products such as poultry meal, feather meal and blood meal. In addition, energy and fiber ingredients are abundantly available and are mainly of plant origin. Novel feed ingredients such as insects, algae, worms and single-cell proteins could be considered as future feed ingredients once they are deemed available. Information on nutritional composition and digestibility of ingredients produced in the targeted countries is scarce, and where it exists it is non-exhaustive and disjointed. Therefore, holistic nutritional analyses of these ingredients are recommended in the future. Moreover, substantial efforts should be dedicated at improving the use of these ingredients in the feeds for various fish species cultured in each country.
... Dry milling of paddy rice usually involves removal of hulls, which have high concentrations of lignin and silica and is indigestible and largely unfermentable by pigs (Serna-Saldivar, 2010). In the milling process of rice to obtain white rice, which is the endosperm, the aleurone layer and some external fractions of the grains also are removed and remain in a coproduct known as rice bran or rice polish (Hossain et al., 2012;Bhosale and Vijayalakshmi, 2015). The fiber fraction in cereal coproducts consists mainly of complex carbohydrates such as cellulose, arabinoxylan, mixed-linked β-glucan, and smaller quantities of other carbohydrates (Jaworski et al., 2015). ...
... As a consequence, it is A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T expected that brown rice has a greater concentration of these nutrients than broken rice. Full fat rice bran and DFRB are concentrated sources of aleurone cells and some pericarp and testa, whereas, rice mill feed includes remnants of the hull layer of the grain (Stacey and Rankins, 2004;Hossain et al., 2012). Thus, the carbohydrate composition of the tissues in rice grain may differ (Selvendran et al., 1988) and the grade of milling may affect the composition of white rice and rice coproducts (Saunders, 1985;Rosniyana et al., 2007;2009). ...
The first objective of this experiment was to determine carbohydrate composition and coefficients of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) in brown rice, broken rice, full fat rice bran (FFRB), defatted rice bran (DFRB), and rice mill feed. The second objective was to test the hypothesis that IVDMD and IVOMD in rice coproducts are negatively correlated with the concentration of fiber in the ingredients. Three samples of broken rice, brown rice, FFRB, DFRB, and rice mill feed were used. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate for gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), crude protein (CP), and acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE). The 5 rice coproducts were also analyzed for content of starch, and the fiber concentration was quantified as total non-starch polysaccharides (T-NSP), cellulose, soluble and insoluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides (NCP), and Klason lignin. In vitro total tract digestibility of DM and IVOMD were determined in 3 samples of each ingredient using a 3 step procedure. Correlation coefficients between IVDMD or IVOMD and fiber fractions were determined. Results indicated that broken rice and brown rice contained more than 80.0% starch, FFRB and DFRB both contained 26.7% starch, whereas rice mill feed only contained 11.2% starch. The concentration of soluble-non cellulosic polysaccharides (S-NCP) was in the range from 0.1% in brown rice to 1.9% in rice mill feed, whereas insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) was 1.5% in broken rice and 52.9% in rice mill feed. The insoluble non-cellulosic non-starch polysaccharide (I-NCP) fraction in all rice coproducts consisted mainly of arbinoxylan and the arabinose to xylose ratio varied from 1.37 in broken rice to 0.27 in rice mill feed. Broken rice and brown rice had greater (P < 0.05) IVDMD and IVOMD than the other rice coproducts. Concentrations of ADF, NDF, ADL, I-NCP, cellulose, T-NSP, SDF, IDF, TDF were all negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with IVDMD and IVOMD. In conclusion, arabinoxylan is the main polysaccharide in the NSP fraction of rice coproducts. Arabinoxylan in broken rice, brown rice, FFRB, and DFRB has a different structure and is more soluble, than arabinoxylan in rice mill feed, but IVDMD and IVOMD are negatively correlated with the concentration of fiber in rice coproducts.
... [48] Although initially these beneficial impacts have been reported as the effect of consumption of RBO, subsequent studies have confirmed that it is the ɤ-Oryzanol that actually contributes in hypocholesterolemia. [45,49] Oryzanol has been found to decrease absorption of cholesterol, and in hamsters, it has been shown to inhibit aortic fatty streak formation. [50] Besides controlling blood cholesterol level, it also helps in maintaining blood pressure and lowering blood glucose level through increasing the insulin sensitivity. [40] It has been reported in the past that hypocholesterolemic effect of oryzanol is partially due to its sterol moiety, which is partly split off from the ferulic acid structure in the small intestine by cholesterol esterase [51] and the antiatherogenic action could be based on the inhibition of the accumulation of cholesterol-esters within the macrophages or by the modulation of cholesterol acid esterase and acyl-cholesterolacyltransferase. ...
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), accounting for 17.5 million deaths annually at present, is the leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality worldwide. To address this global public health challenge, various risk factors have been identified and measures have been taken to reduce the chance of occurrence of the risk factors. Lowering serum cholesterol, which can be achieved by dietary modification and drug therapy, has been found to have significant beneficial impacts on CVD occurrence. As dietary modification is less likely to cause undesirable consequences compared with drug therapy, it is an acceptable an achievable option. The quantity and quality of dietary fat play a crucial role in the regulation of plasma cholesterol and lipid levels, and hence, regular consumption of cooking oil is a potential contributing factor. An attempt, in this context, has been made to review the impact of consumption of rice bran oil (RBO), a growing choice of edible oil, on CVD risk factors. Relevant research papers have been searched using the key terms. It has been found that the main difference between other edible vegetable oils and RBO is the high content of unsaponified fraction in RBO compared to other cooking oils; the unsaponified fraction in RBO is rich in phytosterols, gamma oryzanol, and tocopherol having beneficial impacts in lowering serum cholesterol both in animal and human model. From the present review, it may be concluded that RBO has several beneficial health impacts and can be used routinely as cooking oil. Extensive research and appropriate measures need to be undertaken to enhance the usage of RBO as principal cooking oil.
... It is derived from the outer layers of the rice caryopsis during milling and consists of pericarp, seed coat, nucleus, aleurone layer, germ and part of sub-aleurone layer of starchy endosperm (Juliano, 1988). Recently, 20 different types of rice polishing samples from different areas of Chittagong, Bangladesh were analyzed and reported that CP content varied from 4.7 to 14.9%, CF content varied from 6.4 to 41.5%, EE content varied from 1.0 to 18.0% and total ash content varied from 7.1 to 17.6% (Hossain et al., 2012). The values of all parameters studied in the present study are also fall in the above mentioned studies the variation in chemical composition different sample might be due to the differences of varieties of rice polishing used for feed or processing condition (Ambreen et al., 2006). ...
A total of 208 samples of raw materials
used in commercial poultry feed were
analyzed for the estimation of proximate analysis from various parts of Pakistan over
a period of three years from April 2011 to March 2014. The mean values of crude
protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and total ash in corn were found to
be 9.77, 4.20, 10.15 and 2.50%, respectively. The mean values of CP, CF, EE and
total ash in soybean meal were found 42.48, 6.80, 4.14 and 7.25%, respectively. The
minimum and maximum values of CP, CF, EE and total ash in canola meal were
recorded as 33.8 to 43.7%, 2.0 to10.0%, 3.3 to 9.9% and 10.50 to 12.0%,
respectively. The minimum and maximum values of CP, CF, EE and total ash in
sunflower meal were found 27.1 to 28.0%
, 9.5 to 22.50%, 1.0 to 5.30% and 4.0 to
7.5%, respectively. Among animal protein sources, the mean values of CP, CF, EE
and total ash in feather meal were found 39
.47, 2.00, 19.87 and 11.87%, respectively.
The mean values of CP, EE and total ash in fish meal samples were found 50.68, 6.0
and 20.0%, respectively. Large variation was found in analytical values among
poultry ingredients, which may be attributed to genetic factors, environmental
influences, fertilizer, milling degree and storage conditions among different areas.
Biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wasenhancedin rice polishing by fermentation to increase protein contents of feedfor its use in livestock. Broth culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.6×108CFU/mL) was prepared from culture obtained by continuous streaking. The isolated culture was identified morphologically by Gram staining and confirmed by biochemical characteristics. Rice polishing was sieved to remove larger particles. Then it was distributed to 4 treatments in triplicates. Treatments were represented as rice polishing (RP), rice polishing plus Saccharomyces culture (RPSC), rice polishing plus ammonium sulphate (RPAS), rice polishing plus Saccharomyces culture plus ammonium sulphate (RPSCAS).Fermentation was provided for 144 hours at 320C,while samples were collected after every 24 hours. Samples were dried, ground and subjected to proximate analysis. It was observed that protein content was increased from 11% to 21.51% and maximum increment was obtained after 144 hours of incubation in RPSC treatment. Ether extract and ash were increased from 14% and 10% to 16.96% and 11.11% in RPSCAS respectively. A significant reduction in neutral detergent fiber was observed after fermentation. It is concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae has potential to improve mineral and protein contents of rice polishing by fermentation process with or without addition of nitrogen source.
