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This paper presents the methodology and results of in situ testing of building fabric thermal performance to calibrate as-built energy models of three low-energy dwellings in the UK, so as to examine the gap between as-designed and as-built energy performance. The in situ tests included repeat testing of air permeability (AP) integrated with therma...
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Context 1
... the Zero Plus project, the three properties were slightly altered in delivery to meet the project targets. Following an optimisation phase of cost over energy reductions to meet the Zero Plus target, the case study dwellings retained the originally planned fabric parameters and focused on a net reduction in energy consumption through smart home controls, photovoltaic (PV) panels, and battery storage ( Table 3). The base target for the dwellings was to achieve net-regulated energy use of less than 20 kWh/m 2 /year. ...Context 2
... the Zero Plus project, the three properties were slightly altered in delivery to meet the project targets. Following an optimisation phase of cost over energy reductions to meet the Zero Plus target, the case study dwellings retained the originally planned fabric parameters and focused on a net reduction in energy consumption through smart home controls, photovoltaic (PV) panels, and battery storage ( Table 3). The base target for the dwellings was to achieve net-regulated energy use of less than 20 kWh/m 2 /year. ...Citations
... For this reason, an external shading device was assigned to the base-case model and a window opening was reduced to 30% to account for security measures. Within these studies the propensity to overheat has been shown to have a significant impact on indoor temperature measures (Gupta & Gregg, 2021). It is evident that the implication of passive measures into the retrofitting of residential buildings is relevant to clearly identify a common methodology for assessing the occupants' thermal comfort in some locations and building typologies across Europe. ...
... For this reason, an external shading device was assigned to the base-case model and a window opening was reduced to 30% to account for security measures. Within these studies the propensity to overheat has been shown to have a significant impact on indoor temperature measures (Gupta & Gregg, 2021). It is evident that the implication of passive measures into the retrofitting of residential buildings is relevant to clearly identify a common methodology for assessing the occupants' thermal comfort in some locations and building typologies across Europe. ...
This book investigates energy use and measures to improve the energy efficiency of public housing, using post-war social housing development estates in Cyprus as its example. On this Mediterranean island, which experiences hot and humid temperatures throughout the year, residential buildings need to adapt to the climate to improve the thermal comfort of their occupants. The book assesses the domestic energy use of inefficiently built residential tower blocks and their occupants’ thermal comfort by considering the significant impact of overheating risks on energy consumption and occupants’ thermal comfort and well-being, with the intention of evaluating the current energy performance of base-case representative residential tower blocks (RTBs). In particular, considering the cooling energy demand in the summer, using Famagusta, Cyprus as a case study. It seeks to identify the impact of occupancy patterns and habitual adaptive behaviour of households on home energy performance in order to provide bases for the information needed to calibrate building energy performance of targeted households.
Sustainable Development Goal #7 calls for “access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.” Scientific evidence is growing that greenhouse-gas emissions have a noticeable effect on the earth’s climate. Many purpose-built post-war social housing estates in Europe that form high-density residential-tower blocks, however, do not meet current stringent energy-efficiency standards. As a result, many of these structures are under threat of overheating and require careful planning to implement holistic energy subsidisation schemes. This article presents a setup of building energy performance framework that was developed according to the in-situ measurements of building-fabric thermal structure to asset robust energy performance evaluation and certification schemes in the residential sector. This empirical study examines social householders’ electricity reliability in accordance with assessing overheating risk of housing stock in South-eastern Europe where the weather is subtropical (Csa) and partly semi-arid (Bsh). It also investigates the gap between as-designed and as-built energy performances. The findings for thermal anomalies resulted from air infiltration through the building fabric, and a lack of natural ventilation through living spaces and excessive heat gains through sizeable and glazed areas. On a typical hot summer day, the internal temperatures of the simulated condominiums remained high throughout the day and night, ranging from a minimum 28.5°C to a maximum 36.5°C. Insights from this empirical study improve the national energy network and subsidisation schemes in Europe. The energy policy and regulations would benefit from conceptual level analysis and planning prioritisation in accordance with the climate characteristics of each EU-27-member state.
