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Carte stratégie gazière russe en Europe : vers un assèchement du transit par l'Ukraine ? 
Angélique Palle, Sami Ramdani, IRSEM 2018

Carte stratégie gazière russe en Europe : vers un assèchement du transit par l'Ukraine ? Angélique Palle, Sami Ramdani, IRSEM 2018

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Conference Paper
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Cette étude expose les enjeux liés au gazoduc Nord Stream 2 et le positionnement sur ce sujet des Etats membre de l'UE ainsi que de la Russie et des Etats-Unis. Elle est issue d'un workshop tenu sous la règle de Chatham House à l'IRSEM le 12 juin 2018.

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... gy sector. NOST2 was also analysed upon possibilities to endanger positive cooperation between the EU and Ukraine. Further to this, NOST2 would bring to the surface different perceptions of member states vis-à-vis Russia, and it would clearly show difficulties that member states of the EU had to balance their politics along with economic interests.(Marangé, Palle and Ramdani, 2018) Geopolitical motives France's government has shown a clearly strategic motive when it called for a new direction in its political course towards Russia in August, 2019. According to President Macron, a political distance to Russia could not be accepted in light of a transforming international environment. EU needed to offer a space for ...
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This work sheds light on the role of perceptions in political risk assessments in Europe. It discusses how states anticipate political risks and outlines arguments in regards to the inclusion of perceptions in complex decision making. NOST2 deals as a practical example to reflect on individual risk perception in European state governments and societies. It investigates how NOST2 risks were dealt with, what perceptions and misperceptions derived from it, it addresses its relevance for governance in Europe and draws conclusions in order to equip political leaders with a set of questions to ask and avoid misperceptions in future. Findings of research were combined in a toolkit to understand, analyse, mitigate and develop competency to respond to a main risk that has been handled in this work: the EU’s cohesion and its core values.
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Thanks to interviews with Shifters (pro-nuclear) and pro-renewable experts, as well as a review of the literature about the ideas of humanity/nature interactions, technology, science, the economy, politics, policy-making and energy, I show that the representations of nature and of humanity/nature interactions are expressed through representations of energy. Historical dynamics (capitalism, wars, modern science, industrialisation) led societies to change from economic, social and energetical perspectives, through the structural domination of various ways to perceive the role of humanity in its natural environment. Today, this takes the shape of a conflict between beliefs about energy carried by advocacy coalitions, who try to change the way France produces energy (either towards more nuclear energy or more renewable energy), trying to make it coherent with different visions of progress, and nature. The representations of nature expressed through energy preferences are built by careers, education, and different ways of thinking, as well as sensitivities to nature. These are partially dependent on historical representations of the role of humanity in its natural environments.