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The known records of the pygmy white-toothed shrew (Suncus etruscus) in the regions of the Kabardino-Sunzhenskii mountain ridge in North Ossetia and the Terskii mountain ridge in Ingushetia are reviewed. The species identity of these animals is confirmed through dental system and morphometric analyses. The history of studies of this species in the...
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... fixations in formalin and ethanol, the specimen dimensions cannot be measured accurately, but to provide the general idea of them, we include a photograph, in which the size of the pygmy white-toothed shrew can be compared to that of Carabus caucasicus (Fig. 4). The analysis of the dental formula of the specimens that were transferred to the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University showed the presence of four intermediate teeth; this number of teeth is typical for Suncus shrews and distinguishes them from representatives of another genus of the white-toothed shrews, Crocidura. A ...
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... Ще один приклад -сункус етруський (Suncus etruscus), колись вже відмічений в Україні і включений до першого видання Червоної книги (1980). Тепер цей вид має нову хвилю розселення і протягом 1985-2015 років виявлений у кількох місцевостях у Північній Осетії та в Інгушетії (Alekseev & Sheftel 2018). ...
Узагальнено відомості щодо видового складу та категорій чужорідності наземних хребетних, що представлені у дикій фауні України: амфібій та плазунів (9), птахів (23) та ссавців (22 види). Загалом у складі фауни наземних хребетних України за прийнятими тут критеріями є 54 види-вселенці, що становить 8,7 % її складу (624 види). Розрізняються три групи чужорідності, за якими види розподілені рівномірно — по 15–20 видів у кожній. Для кожної систематичної групи наведено три блоки інформації: 1) загальні уявлення про різноманіття, 2) коментарі до списку чужорідних видів, 3) таблиця з видами-вселенцями і категоріями їх присутності. Розглянуто варіанти межових станів, важливих при формуванні списку чужорідних видів і наведено описи видів, що є прикладами найвідоміших інвазій та інтродукцій (3 види плазунів, 11 птахів, 18 ссавців і ще 4 види ссавців з числа реінтродуцентів). *** Information on the species composition, and adventive categories of terrestrial vertebrates represented in the wild fauna of Ukraine is summarised: amphibians and reptiles (9), birds (23), and mammals (22 species). According to the criteria adopted here, the fauna of terrestrial vertebrates of Ukraine includes, in general, 54 alien species, which is 8.7% of its composition (624 species). Three groups of alienness are distinguished with a fairly even distribution of species—15–20 species in each category. Three blocks of information are provided for each systematic group: 1) general review of diversity; 2) comments on the list of alien species; and 3) a table with alien species and categories of their presence. Variants of verge states that are important for the formation of the list of alien species are considered, and descriptions of species that are examples of the most known invasions and introductions are given (3 species of reptiles, 11 birds, 18 mammals, and 4 more mammals from the list of re-introduced species).
... [5,6,7,8,9]. However, in recent studies, it has been determined that this species also spreads in different geographies too (Iran, [10,11]; Uzbekistan, [12]; Black Sea coastal region of Turkey, [13]; Russia, [14]). The records of this species, which also distributes in Turkey, are generally based on owl pellets [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. ...
... Due to very low body weight of S. etruscus (1.5-3g) and its rarity [24], it is difficult to catch by classical traps [14,35]. The main predators of S. etruscus are owls and owl pellets can contain the remains of the species [12,36]. ...
... Studies on the S. etruscus species in Anatolia are based on morphological characters such as four unicuspid teeth in the upper jaw [24]. The analysis of the dental formula is typical for Suncus shrews and distinguishes them from representatives of another genus of the white-toothed shrews, Crocidura [14,24,37]. Our study suggests that this record is the easternmost distribution of S. etruscus in Anatolia. ...
In this study, prey remains in the owl pellets collected from Ağrı province (Eastern Anatolia) were examined. In the contents of the owl pellets, Suncus etruscus, Crocidura sp. (Eulipotyphla), Microtus sp. (Rodentia) and unidentified bird remains were found. The remains of the Suncus etruscus, which are frequently found in owl pellets, are important in terms of determining the distribution limits of this species.
... [5,6,7,8,9]. However, in recent studies, it has been determined that this species also spreads in different geographies too (Iran, [10,11]; Uzbekistan, [12]; Black Sea coastal region of Turkey, [13]; Russia, [14]). The records of this species, which also distributes in Turkey, are generally based on owl pellets [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. ...
... Due to very low body weight of S. etruscus (1.5-3g) and its rarity [24], it is difficult to catch by classical traps [14,35]. The main predators of S. etruscus are owls and owl pellets can contain the remains of the species [12,36]. ...
... Studies on the S. etruscus species in Anatolia are based on morphological characters such as four unicuspid teeth in the upper jaw [24]. The analysis of the dental formula is typical for Suncus shrews and distinguishes them from representatives of another genus of the white-toothed shrews, Crocidura [14,24,37]. Our study suggests that this record is the easternmost distribution of S. etruscus in Anatolia. ...
A new record of Suncus etruscus from Eastern Anatolia was presented in this study. The record is based on jawbones and skull obtained from owl pellets. This cryptic species, which is very difficult to catch and observe alive, can be found in pellets. Therefore, findings based on pellets make it easier to obtain data on the distribution area of the species.
... Suncus etruscus has indeed one of the largest distribution ranges among insectivore mammals encompassing the territory from the Iberian Peninsula to Kalimantan (Borneo) Island (Indonesia), where they occupy abandoned olive groves and vineyards with old dry stone walls and stone-piles as well as low maquis shrubs and Mediterranean oak and pine forests [2]. Recently, the Etruscan shrew has also been detected in Russia [3]. Despite its large geographical distribution, only a small number of individuals of this species have been caught in the world, since catching S. etruscus in small mammal traps in nature is extremely difficult due to its minute size, and therefore special trapping methods must be used. ...
Suncus etruscus is the smallest living mammal on Earth by mass. Most adults weigh 1.8–3 g with a body length of 35–48 mm. Catching it in small mammal traps in nature is extremely difficult due to its minute size, and therefore special trapping methods must be used. We had the unique opportunity of studying, for the first time, the helminth parasites of 166 individuals of S. etruscus, part of the largest collection in the world, which belonged to the French scientist Dr Roger Fons (1942–2016). A total of 150 individuals were captured in the Banyuls-Cerbère area (France) and 16 in the island of Corsica (France). We found seven helminth species, specifically, the cestodes Joyeuxiella pasqualei larvae, Mesocestoides sp. larvae, Staphylocystis claudevaucheri, S. banyulsensis, S. cerberensis, and Pseudhymenolepis sp., and the nematodes Aonchotheca sp. and Nematoda gen. sp. larvae. Neither trematodes nor acanthocephalans were detected. We provide prevalences, infracommunity compositions, and helminth associations. The adult helminth community of S. etruscus seems to be highly specific, i.e., oioxenous, and linked to its insectivore diet. Due to its small size, S. etruscus has undergone numerous physiological adaptations that have probably influenced its helminth spectrum as well as its helminth specificity.
Dietary fatty acids (FAs) have been demonstrated to be differentially stored or used as a metabolic fuel, depending on carbon chain length or saturation level. However, intestinal absorption also differs among FAs, potentially biasing conclusions on functional differences and their subsequent implications. We tested dietary FA usage by a nocturnal insectivorous gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, and a nocturnal insectivorous shrew of similar body mass, Suncus etruscus. We compared the relative presence of 13C isotopes in their breath and feces, following ingestion of three isotopically enriched fatty acids: linoleic acid (a polyunsaturated FA), oleic acid (monounsaturated), and palmitic acid (saturated). Both species oxidized linoleic and oleic acids at much higher levels than palmitic acid. Egestion of palmitic acid in feces was much higher than that of linoleic and oleic acids. The major difference between geckos and shrews was that the latter digested fatty acids much faster, which was best explained by the difference in the metabolic rates of the species. Circadian differences were evident for gecko metabolic and FA oxidation rates, peaking at night; for shrews, peak oxidation was achieved faster at night but rates did not differ. Our study is among the first to integrate oxidation and absorption patterns, as well as metabolic rates and their rhythms, providing important insights into the utilization of different dietary FAs in different species.
