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Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of 40% to 80% of oropharyngeal cancers; yet, no published study has examined the role of oral health in oral HPV infection, either independently or in conjunction with other risk factors. This study examined the relation between oral health and oral HPV infection and the interactive effects of...
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... 3 displays stratified analyses for the association of overall oral health and oral HPV infection by some impor- tant known risk factors for oral HPV infection. In the final multivariable model, the likelihood of oral HPV infection remained significantly associated with being male, being a current cigarette smoker, having multiple oral sex partners in the previous year, and rating one's oral health as poor-to- fair (Table 4). No interaction terms between overall oral health and other risk factors were significant. ...
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Introduction:
Scientific literature suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may be associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, knowledge regarding HPV-OSCC link among oral health professionals (OHP) has been insufficient. So, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge about HPV associated OSCC among OHP working...
Citations
... A meta-analysis involving nearly 3500 patients aged 30 to 69 years found that HPV prevalence was 28% higher in those who reported dental problems. Moreover, Bui et al. concluded that the risk of HPV infection was associated with poor oral health, regardless of the use of stimulants in the form of smoking [28]. A valid explanation may be that poor oral hygiene may facilitate HPV penetration into the epithelial cells and cause the inflammation and infection of mucosal basal layer cells [29]. ...
Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a congenital disorder of the enamel tissue, characterized by a quantitative deficiency. In childhood, infections such as EBV, HSV-1, HCMV, or H. pylori may occur and cause various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HPV, EBV, HSV-1, HCMV, and H. pylori infections in two groups of children: children with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and a control group, using molecular methods. The study group included 47 children aged between 6–13 years who had been diagnosed with MIH. The control group consisted of 42 children. The study found that, in the MIH group, the prevalence of HPV-16 was 6.38%, HPV-18 was 4.26%, EBV was 31.91%, HSV-1 was 4.26%, HCMV was 4.26%, and H. pylori was 12.77%. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of any of tested pathogens between the study and the control group (p > 0.05). However, the study found a higher prevalence of EBV infection in children who had smallpox/pneumonia by the age of 3 years. Ten children were found to have at least two pathogens present. Moreover, both groups had a high prevalence and activity of EBV. These findings provide new insights into the carriage of pathogens among children with MIH, providing new information for parents, scientists, and healthcare professionals.
... For the purpose of this study, we included patients seen at our clinic with a clinical diagnosis of: (1) oral benign lesions, (2) oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and (3) oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC). Exclusion criteria included patients living with HIV, patients with known history of immunosuppression, patients with malignancies of non-epithelial origin, and those presenting with a history of with oropharyngeal cancer [31]. Demographic data, social history, information on tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as patients' type and anatomic site of the oral condition were recorded and entered into a de-identi ed electronic spreadsheet (Excel, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA). ...
Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection accounts for more than 70% of oropharyngeal cancers, but only a small proportion of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of HPV-DNA in oral diseases.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional-study of 99 adult patients seen for the evaluation of oral diseases. All patients received an oral biopsy/histopathological examination and a brush biopsy for HPV-DNA detection/genotyping by real-time polymerase-chain-reaction. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess p16INK4a expression. P values were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Results:
HPV was identified in 15/99 (15.2%) patients (males:66.6%). Patients with oral lichen planus (OLP;23.8%), oral leukoplakia (OL;17.5%), and conditions of the buccal mucosa (BM;17.5%) had the highest rate of infection. Most patients with high-risk-HPV infection presented with OLP (19.1%), whereas most of the patients with low-risk-HPV infections had epithelial hyperkeratosis-non-reactive (9.4%). Amongst all benign lesions, 19.0% were positive for any HPV infection. One patient with OL showing mild-epithelial-dysplasia had a positive p16INK4a expression.
Conclusions:
The highest rate of HPV infection was in male patients, patients with OL/OLP, and in conditions of the BM. Larger studies are needed to elucidate the role of HPV in the development of these conditions.
... The study found that both smoking and having multiple oral sex partners were separate risk factors for oral HPV infection and had similar odds ratios. Additionally, the results suggest that poor oral health is another risk factor for oral HPV infection, as all four measures of oral health showed associations with oral HPV infection in univariable analyses [8]. ...
... Despite its traditional association with factors like tobacco and alcohol use, poor oral hygiene, and specific genetic predispositions, the incidence of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer appears to be increasing (18,25) . Nevertheless, such findings are not consistently observed, with prevalence rates ranging from 1.3 to 9.2% worldwide, with HPV16 being the most prevalent high-risk type (26) . Several studies have linked oral HPV infection, particularly HR-HPV, to changes in sexual behavior, such as an earlier age of first oral sex and a higher lifetime number of sexual partners, particularly among the younger population (3,23) . ...
Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are of significant concern in men, given its potential impact on their health and the risk of transmission to partners. Understanding and addressing this infection in men is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing HPV-related diseases. Objective: To assess the impact of HPV vaccination, potential genotype shifts, and adverse effects, through a prospective study conducted with male university students. Methods:The study involved 286 volunteers who were examined at Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics at the Universidade Federal Fluminense in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The HPV prevalence was evaluated using generic PCR, genotyped by DNA microarray and monitored adverse effects. Results: The findings of this study revealed the absence of moderate or severe adverse effects. Genetic shifts were observed, including the disappearance of oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18. Surprisingly, even after completing the full vaccine regimen, students still harbored HPV11 in the oral tract. Furthermore, persistent HPV 6 and 11 infections were identified in three students, who had pre-existing infections prior to vaccination, at the follow-up visit. Multivariate analysis uncovered independent associations, notably an increased risk of HPV infection in the oral tract among men who have sex with men. HPV prevalence rates remained low both before and after the vaccination scheme (T0: 14.7%, T1: 8.7%). Even after the full vaccination scheme, the prevalence remained similar at T2 (14.6%), with no statistically significant differences recorded. HPV11 emerged as the most prevalent type throughout the study, followed by HPV6. Vaccine genotypes were detected in a significant proportion of samples at T0 (85.4%), T1 (89.5%), and T2 (100%). Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests that vaccination may represent a promising approach to reducing HPV-related health risks. These findings shed light on the potential benefits and challenges of HPV vaccination, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and vaccination efforts.
... The main difference in risk factors between OPSCC and OTSCC seems to be the proportion of HPV induced carcinomas. Findings by Bui et al. [32] suggest that poor oral health may increase the odds of oral HPV infection. Thus, poor oral health would indirectly increase the risk of oropharyngeal cancers [33]. ...
Background
Human papilloma virus is associated with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Our aim was to examine oral health in patients with oropharyngeal (OPSCC) and oral tongue cancer (OTSCC), expecting better oral health among OPSCC patients.
Material and methods
Fifty-five OPSCC patients with known HPV status and 59 OTSCC patients were randomly selected from a list of consecutive patients of the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Oral health was assessed from panoramic jaw radiographs. Total Dental Index (TDI) summarizing the dental health status was calculated and Finnish population study data were used for comparison. Descriptive statistics were used for analyses.
Results
Patients with HPV-positive OPSCC had higher periapical lesion index compared with HPV-negative OPSCC patients or with OTSCC patients. Residual roots were more common among OPSCC patients compared with OTSCC patients, because of their higher occurrence among HPV-negative OPSCC patients compared with OTSCC patients. Similarly, modified TDI score was significantly higher among OPSCC patients than among OTSCC patients, because of higher TDI score among HPV-negative OPSCC patients compared with OTSCC patients. OPSCC patients more often used a removable prosthesis than OTSCC patients. Dental health of the cancer patients was poorer when compared with the population data.
Conclusions
Our study hypothesis was only partly confirmed. Periapical lesions were more prevalent among HPV-positive OPSCC patients, compared with the other groups. The number of residual roots was higher among HPV-negative subgroup. Thus, OPSCC patients had worse oral health parameters than OTSCC patients.
... [22,23] Results from the current study showed a significant correlation between HPV positivity and poor hygiene with an OR of 2.440 (P < 0.03, 95% CI:1.65-3.60), the same trend was observed in other studies worldwide. [24][25][26] This suggests that poor oral hygiene plays an important role in the etiology and increases infection of HPV and the risk of cancer by chronic inflammation. [24] Consistent with other reports, the study established a strong association between HR-HPV infection and oral cavity cancer patients, [27] and 48% of oral cancer patients had detectable HPV. ...
Background:. Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that progress owing to varied enviromental and genetic risk factors. Viral infections are threatening and adept at altering the expression of cellular transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and deregulation of other cellular proteins like NF kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα). The present study was conducted to detect high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) and protein expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in HNC patients with HPV infection.
Methods:. For HPV detection, genomic DNA from 152 HNC tumors was extracted formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue DNA kit. For genotyping, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a general primer, HPV type-specific primers and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed on 4-μm thick tissue sections using HPV E6 monoclonal antibody. Protein expression analysis of NF-κB signaling pathway including p50, p65, and IκBα was performed using IHC.
Results:. PCR analysis showed that 24.3% (37/152) of HNC cases were HPV positive. Among HPV positive, 86.5% (32/37) were tobacco users, while among HPV negative, 66.9% (77/115) were tobacco users. A significant association of HPV positivity and tobacco user was observed by univariate analysis [P
... 29,30 In addition, poor oral hygiene has been shown to be an independent risk factor for HPV infection. 31,32 HPV disrupts the cell cycle, destroying tumor suppressor proteins and leading to dysplasia in the mouth and throat. Moreover, early in the pandemic, HPV vaccination rates among adolescents fell 75% owing to a decrease in wellness visits, and throughout the pandemic, child and teen HPV vaccination rates declined approximately 20%. ...
... Several biological mechanisms for the observed association of oral microbiota with oral HPV are plausible. First, poor oral health, specifically periodontal disease, has been associated with oral HPV infection [31] and HPV-positive HNSCC in some studies [32], although not in others [33]. Members of Prevotella and Actinomyces species, which we identified as differentially abundant (Figure 4), have been associated with periodontal diseases [34,35]. ...
... Members of Prevotella and Actinomyces species, which we identified as differentially abundant (Figure 4), have been associated with periodontal diseases [34,35]. These microbes with other pathogenic bacteria can induce chronic inflammation [35,36], mucosal disruption, and epithelial proliferations, which may facilitate HPV infection and transmission [31,32]. Second, we found bacterial communities with reduced capabilities of xenobiotic biodegradation were associated with oral HPV ( Figure 5). ...
Background
While cervicovaginal microbiome has been associated with cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, little is known regarding the association of oral microbiome with oral HPV, a cause of oropharyngeal cancer.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of 495 participants from the Men and Women Offering Understanding of Throat HPV study was conducted. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on saliva samples. HPV DNA in oral rinse samples was tested. Associations of oral microbiome diversity, taxon abundance and predicted functional pathways with oral HPV were assessed, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, HIV, current smoking, and sequencing batch.
Results
Participants with oral HPV (n=68) compared to those without HPV had similar oral microbiome alpha-diversity yet different beta-diversity (Bray-Curtis distance for bacterial taxa: p=0.009; functional pathways: p=0.02). Participants with oral HPV had higher abundance of Actinomycetaceae, Prevotellaceae, Veillonellaceae, Campylobacteraceae, Bacteroidetes, and lower abundance of Gemellaceae (false discovery rate<0.10). We also found differential functional potential of oral microbiome by oral HPV status: xenobiotic biodegradation-related pathways were less abundant among participants with oral HPV, suggesting potential xenobiotic-induced toxic effects with implications for HPV susceptibility.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest a shift in oral microbiome community structure, composition and functional potential between individuals with and without oral HPV.
... Twenty-two studies examined the impact of oral sex practices on HPV infection risk in oral cancer patients vs. the general population. [7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The results are shown in Figure 2. Oral sex increased 1.89 times the probability of HPV infection in the general population, with a highly significant statistical relationship (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.47-2.43; P < 0.001). ...
... According to our results, oral sex practices increased the probability of HPV infection in the general population, with a highly significant statistical association between these factors (P < 0.001). Although 19 of 22 studies that reviewed the influence of oral sex practices on the risk of HPV infection found a higher risk among those who engaged in oral sex, [7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]21,[23][24][25][26]28,29] three studies found a higher incidence of HPV infection among those who did not engage in oral sex. [20,22,27] Similarly, oral cancer patients who engaged in oral sex practices raised their probability of HPV infection, with a highly significant statistical association (P < 0.001). ...
... [7,17,23,30] The reported increase in the incidence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers, particularly among young people who do not smoke or drink, has been attributed to changes in sexual behavior, such as oral sex habits, which may increase the likelihood of HPV transmission and oral infection. [13] According to Shi et al., [28] the most relevant factors that increase the risk of HPV infections are oral sex practices (multiplies six times the risk) and smoking (multiplies five times the risk). In addition, individuals who engage in oral sex with a higher number of partners have an increased likelihood of oral HPV infections. ...
Certain sexual habits facilitate the oral spread of human papillomavirus (HPV), a virus involved in 70−90% of oropharyngeal cancers. This study aimed to investigate the influence of sexual habits, especially oral sex, on the risk of both HPV infection and oral cancer. We searched the following electronic databases for studies published between 1981 and 2018 on sexual behavior, HPV detection, and oral cancer: PubMed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar. This meta-analysis included 36 studies involving 10,213 oral cancer patients (7,455 males and 2,758 females) and 52,195 subjects without oral cancer (21,172 males and 31,023 females). The data are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk factors for oral cancer were first sexual contact before the age of 18 years (OR: 1.98; P < 0.01) and number of oral sex partners (> 5) (OR: 1.68; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between oral cancer patients and controls regarding oral sex practices (P = 0.53), number of sex partners (P = 0.20), number of couples in sex work (P = 0.61), and number of marriages (P = 0.29). Oral sex increased 1.96 times the probability of HPV infection (P < 0.001). Oral cancer patients who engaged in oral sex practices had a 2.75-fold increased risk of HPV positivity (P < 0.001). Oral sex practices may be an important risk factor for HPV infection and oral cancer.
... Couples are an ideal target group for such interventions because they can transmit diseases to each other or to their future children. Transmission of human papilloma virus by oral sex is among such diseases [11,12]. Also, they can affect the oral health behavior of each other and their future children [11]. ...
This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to assess the correlation of oral health literacy (OHL) and oral health status and behavior in participants of a pre-marriage counseling program. Also, it aimed to determine the target population’s OHL needs to design necessary interventions. A total of 828 couples with a mean age of 24.22 years participating in a pre-marriage counseling program were evaluated. Data were collected using the oral health literacy-adult questionnaire (OHL-AQ). Clinical oral examinations were performed to measure the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and DMFT. The mean OHL score of the couples was 7.86±3.83 out of 17; while, the mean DMFT score was 6.30±5.73. After controlling for the confounders, OHL had a significant correlation with the frequency of dental visits, and smoking status, and inverse correlation with the number of decayed teeth and missing teeth, and PI, and GI (p<0.05). The current results highlight the necessity of OHL interventions to fill the existing gaps. This is an unmet need of the couples, and such interventions are required to promote their own oral health as well as the oral health of their future children.
