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![A high precision spectrum, obtained by combination of hybrid techniqueand SD technique. The calibration uses high-quality hybrid events, so that both inputs to this figure have the same systematic uncertainty in the energy scale. Three power laws and a smooth curve (solid) are fitted to the data. The features of this energy region are important to elucidate the well known GZK-cut quest [14].](publication/274175316/figure/fig1/AS:407760974958593@1474229200493/A-high-precision-spectrum-obtained-by-combination-of-hybrid-techniqueand-SD-technique.png)
A high precision spectrum, obtained by combination of hybrid techniqueand SD technique. The calibration uses high-quality hybrid events, so that both inputs to this figure have the same systematic uncertainty in the energy scale. Three power laws and a smooth curve (solid) are fitted to the data. The features of this energy region are important to elucidate the well known GZK-cut quest [14].
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We present some results from the last three years of operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory. This is a short version of the review talk presented at the 18th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology (PASCOS2012). The main topics are related to ultra-high energy cosmic rays and their interactions: energy spectrum, mass composit...
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Context 1
... calibration curve is then used for all showers, also for non-hybrid detection. Figure 3 shows a high-precision energy spectrum, at energies above 10 18 eV. The operation in hybrid mode optimizes event reconstruction: the timing information from telescope pixels together with the time and signal structure from surface stations, as cited above, gives a resolution for core location within 50 m and an angular resolution for the arrival direction of primary of 0.6 o [8]. ...
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We show how a Majorana mass for the neutron could result from non-perturbative quantum gravity effects peculiar to string theory. In particular, “exotic instantons” in un-oriented string compactifications with D-branes extending the (supersymmetric) standard model could indirectly produce an effective operator δm n
t
n + h.c.. In a specific model with an extra vector-like pair of ‘quarks’, acquiring a large mass proportional to the string mass scale (exponentially suppressed by a function of the string moduli fields), δm can turn out to be as low as 10−24-10−25 eV.
The induced neutron-antineutron oscillations could take place with a time scale τ
nn
> 108 s that could be tested by the next generation of experiments. On the other hand, proton decay and FCNC’s are automatically strongly suppressed and are compatible with the current experimental limits.
Depending on the number of brane intersections, the model may also lead to the generation of Majorana masses for R-handed neutrini. Our proposal could also suggest neutron-neutralino or neutron-axino oscillations, with implications in UCN, Dark Matter Direct Detection, UHECR and Neutron-Antineutron oscillations.
This suggests to improve the limits on neutron-antineutron oscillations, as a possible test of string theory and quantum gravity.
