... This vaccine was very efficacious as it could raise the protective immunity in mice due to the effect of the multifunctional cytokine that increases both innate and acquired immunity, and potentiates Th1 and Th2 immune responses ( Gracie et al., 2003;Zheng et al., 2015). PRV protects against various infectious agents causing diseases in swine and also in mice as foot and mouth disease virus ( Kamel et al., 2019;Li et al., 2008), porcine circovirus type 2 ( Song et al., 2007;Zheng et al., 2015), hog cholera (van Zijl et al., 1991), japanese encephalitis ( Qian et al., 2015;Xu et al., 2004), transmissible gastroenteritis virus ( Yin et al., 2007), Brucella melitensis in mice ( Yao et al., 2015), rabies virus ( Yuan et al., 2008), T. gondii ( Liu et al., 2008), porcine parvovirus (Chen et al., 2011), H1N1 influenza A virus of swine source (Klingbeil et al., 2015(Klingbeil et al., , 2014), H3N2 subtype swine influenza virus (SIV) ( Tian et al., 2006), Schistosoma japonicum ( Wei et al., 2010), classical swine fever virus ( Wang et al., 2015) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS) ( Jiang et al., 2007). Their immunization efficacy and responses are listed in Table 1. ...