Susan Lesley Forbes

Ontario Tech University | UOIT · Teaching and Learning Centre

Sport officials are tasked with maintaining order and adjudicating sport contests. Given their multifaceted role in enforcing rules, standardizing competitions, and keeping sport safe for all participants, they are a requisite part of the sport workforce. With ongoing reports of annual attrition rates in officiating in excess of 20-35% for various...

Accounts of injury causing, rule breaking behaviour in invasion games are becoming increasingly common and are frequently accompanied by the suggestion that rule changes and stricter rule enforcement would minimize or reduce the rate of such occurrences. Using a content analysis approach, the purpose of this study was to critically examine the inte...

The purpose of this article is to report on the outcome of a two-day consensus-building exercise amongst sport scientists and sport practitioners interested in the recruitment, development, and retention of sport officials. Twenty participants including volunteers and paid employees affiliated with nine Ontario-based sport organizations, university...

In comparison to athletes and coaches, sport officials have received relatively little attention from the sport science community. The purpose of this investigation was to examine resilience, participation motivations, and perceptions of organizational support for those officiating aesthetic sports. Seventy-six (62 females, 14 males) Canadian offic...

The purpose of this article is to report on the outcomes of an interprofessional education (IPE) consensus-building exercise amongst student leaders enrolled in health science-related degree programs. The 12 participants included undergraduate and graduate students from eight different universities situated in five Canadian provinces. Their areas o...

Using an ecological systems perspective, the purpose of this investigation was to understand what motivates individuals to enter into and remain active in officiating, their resilience, and their perceptions of the support they receive from their sport organizations in Canada. A sample of 1073 (806 males, 267 females) active officials from 37 diffe...

On-ice officials are a vital part of the Canadian amateur hockey system, yet annual attrition rates are alarmingly high at 30%. Previous research has largely emphasized the role of stress/psychological factors as contributors to officiating dropout. In contrast, we explore a broad range of factors that might contribute to amateur ice hockey officia...

Avante, 2007, Vol 11(3), 15-22. The purpose of this article was to gain insight into the experiences of referees and linesmen in the Canadian minor hockey system. Qualitative methodologies, including semi-structured interviews, were used to explore and understand the officiating experiences of active ice hockey officials living in a mid-sized Atlan...

Avante, 2007, 11(3), 1-14. Understanding the experiences of sports officials is critical to understanding their reasons for discontinuing participation. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine factors which contribute to officiating attrition amongst Canadian amateur ice hockey officials. On-ice referees and linesmen (n=94) registered...

A case of injury to the left thumb following an errant stick check, and subsequent entrapment of the digit in the open sidewall of a lacrosse stick, is presented. A circumferential laceration, severe swelling, and bruising to the proximal phalanx resulted. This case report emphasises the need to limit the dimensions of openings in the sidewalls of...

Nearly two decades ago, Billie Jean King commented that the presence of lesbians in sport was a reality shrouded in silence--a "silence so loud it screams" (cited in Vealey). Since that time, academic scholarship and anti-homophobia education has slowly moved toward efforts to transform this silence--first, through scholarship that identified the i...

Historians have done much to uncover and analyse men's sport and men's leisure. Some scholars have examined women's sports and issues related to control of women's bodies. However, little is known about structured leisure and the role companies played in providing such opportunities for Canadian women during the early part of the twentieth century....

International Journal of Sports Vision, 2000, 6(1), 37-51. The purpose of this paper was to examine, via case studies of women's lacrosse and men's ice hockey, the effectiveness of rule modification and enforcement in reducing head and facial, and therefore ocular, orbital, and periorbital, injuries in invasion games requiring the use of sticks and...

To inform practitioners of the risk of ocular injury in women's lacrosse and to advocate the mandatory use of protective eyewear. Athletes reported retrospectively, via a questionnaire, on the nature and circumstances leading to their injuries. Four case reports of injury to ocular and adjacent nasal structures are presented. None of the athletes w...

Objective: To inform practitioners of the risk of ocular injury in women's lacrosse and to advocate the mandatory use of protective eyewear. Design, Materials and Methods: Athletes reported retrospectively, via a questionnaire, on the nature and circumstances leading to their injuries. Measurements and Main Results: Four case reports of injury to o...

The Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women and Sport (CAAWS) is a non-profit feminist advocacy organization established to work towards enhancing the position of women and girls in sport in Canada. Imbedded in a sport system which reflects societal values, CAAWS has undertaken activities to eliminate gender inequity, such as lack of ackn...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Western Ontario, 1998. Includes bibliographical references.

University Microfilms order no. UMI00443092. Thesis (M.A.)--Wilfrid Laurier University, 1993. Includes bibliographical references.