Riyana Miranti

University of Canberra · Canberra School of Politics Economics and Society

Child Social Exclusion (CSE) is a multi-dimensional measure of child disadvantage. It extends the concept of child poverty by reflecting the extent to which children lack the opportunities and resources to participate fully in their communities and feel connected. The CSE Index is an area-based indicator of the risk of social exclusion for Austral...

Many empirical studies have been conducted to test the assumptions of the slippery slope framework (SSF). However, although the SSF theory has introduced several tax compliance factors that are believed to have associations with trust in tax authorities and power of tax authorities, most studies tend to include only the two main domains of trust an...

Motivation Much of the world's population still lacks access to safe drinking water and sanitation, particularly people living in poverty and in rural areas. The literature suggests that lack of access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) contributes to poor development of young children. That further leads to inadequate cognitive stimulation,...

This paper undertakes a near real-time analysis of the income distribution effects of the Covid -19 crisis in Australia to understand the ongoing changes in the income distribution as well as the impact of policy responses. By semi-parametrically combining incomplete observed data from three different sources–the monthly Longitudinal Labour Force S...

This Survey discusses the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the livelihood of Indonesian women. The pandemic has disproportionately affected women around the world, including in Indonesia, owing to gender inequalities at work and at home. Women bear most of the burden of unpaid domestic work and care for families. The pandemic has also forced adj...

s For older people, place is crucial as it is where support networks, social relationships and family are. Older people develop a sense of belonging to their local community through participation and place is strongly linked to personal histories. For older people, ageing in their own home also allows for continuity of relationships and informal su...

This paper studies the effect of a large-scale scholarship introduced by the Indonesian government in 2010 that provides generous financial assistance for poor students. By using administrative data from a large public university in Indonesia, this study estimates the likely effect of the scholarship on student academic performance during universit...

Background Stunting is still a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. Previous studies have reported the complexities associated with understanding the determinants of stunting. This study aimed to examine the household-, subdistrict- and province-level determinants of stunting in Indonesia using a mul...

Child social exclusion (CSE) is a complex and multi-dimensional measure of social and material disadvantage in which children lack the opportunities and resources to participate fully in their communities and feel connected. The aim of this article is to provide an update of the risk of child social exclusion at small area level in Australia in 201...

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Indonesia’s health system was already facing some daunting challenges: the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including mental disorders, that threatens to drain the financial sustainability of the universal health system, and the persistent problems of maternal health, and infectious and nutritio...

Despite the wide range of wellbeing frameworks utilised globally, no consensus exists regarding how a wellbeing framework might be assessed. This article aims to fill this gap by proposing a method of assessment to review potential indicators of wellbeing and then shows how this method can be used to assess evidence for a number of indicators. It a...

This paper undertakes a near real-time analysis of the income distribution effects of the COVID-19 crisis in Australia to understand the ongoing changes in the income distribution as well as the impact of policy responses. By semi-parametrically combining incomplete observed data from three different sources, namely, the Monthly Longitudinal Labour...

Background: For older people, place is crucial as it is where support networks, social relationships and family are. Older people develop a sense of belonging to their local community through participation and place is strongly linked to personal histories. For older people, ageing in their own home also allows for continuity of relationships and i...

Previous literature has discussed the relationships between non-participation and underemployment in the labour market with health and wellbeing, including the impact of these circumstances on mental health. While it is sometimes argued that a mismatch between the actual number of hours worked and people’s preferences about the amount of work they...

Education has long been seen as a crucial factor to the economic wellbeing and achievement of people and localities. Therefore, inequality of educational attainment often precedes inequalities in other aspects of life. Although Australia mandates compulsory secondary education, the outcomes vary nationwide. Concern has been expressed about the gap...

The Global Monitoring Report 2013 published by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has put a special focus on internal migration research, particularly on the issues of rural–urban dynamics, urbanization, and its relationship with progress of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The report indicates that urbanization in the...

This study investigates the patterns and trends in the returns to skill in the Indonesian labor market over the period 2007 to 2013, a period of rising earnings and income inequality. The study takes into account the labor demand and supply across regional development regions and over time. It presents evidence on the returns to skill related to st...

Many empirical studies have been conducted to test the Slippery Slope Framework (SSF) assumptions. Yet, only a few studies focus their attention on tax compliance factors associated with trust and power. Therefore, this study is dedicated to fully exploring these factors. The results show that most factors had a significant influence on trust and p...

This article examines the association between trust, sense of community, and civic engagement, with a particular focus on the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals, using data from the Household, Income, and Labor Dynamics in Australia Survey. Through the use of panel logit and binary panel data models, we draw three core observations. First...

http://www.governanceinstitute.edu.au/magma/media/upload/ckeditor/files/Wellbeing%20Indicators%20across%20the%20life%20cycle_FINAL.pdf

The 193 United Nations member countries, focused on halving world poverty by 2015, set eight Millennium Development Goals. A new 2030 agenda for sustainable development has replaced the failed goals; it comprises 17 new sustainable development goals including ending poverty. 1.2 billion people (about 20% of the world's population) cannot fulfil mos...

This article examines factors that are associated with disparities in regional poverty in Indonesia during the second half of the decentralization decade, from 2006 to 2011. This study finds that types of income growth matter for poverty reduction, particularly growth in income from the nonfood crops and services sectors. Provision of clear water i...

Significant variations in educational outcomes across both the spatial and socioeconomic spectra in Australia have been widely debated by policymakers in recent years. This paper examines these variations and decomposes educational outcomes into 3 major input factors: availability of school resources, socioeconomic background, and a latent factor t...

This paper analyzes the relationship between banking competition and banking stability in Indonesia, where the bank lending is the major source of funding on this country with a series of structural changes including deregulation, economic crisis, and consolidation. We apply generalized method of moment approach on individual bank data, and the res...

Banks have market power due to the existence of product differentiation, high switching costs, locational characteristics, banks specialised knowledge and segmented customers. Therefore, creating a contestable market is more realistic than establishing perfect competition. This study aims to examine the role of opening the market to create contesta...

Underemployment is a serious and pervasive problem both in terms of its impact on those individuals affected, and for the economy as a whole. Underemployment is associated with job insecurity, increased casualisation and lower savings, and from a macroeconomic standpoint, underemployment is a signal of inefficiency in the utilisation of skilled lab...

Measuring income inequality has long been of interest in applied social and economic research in the OECD countries including Australia. This includes measuring income inequality at the regional level. In this article, we have used spatial microsimulation techniques to calculate small area inequality in Australia using disposable income data which...

Recent literature suggests that the market structure is an endogenous variable that is determined by a firm’s behaviour and the competitive environment of the industry. This study examines the relation between the market structure and the banks’ behaviour in Indonesian banking by considering the endogeneity problem of them as variables. The estimat...

Social exclusion is a multi-dimensional measure of disadvantage that spans a number of aspects of an individual’s life that impact upon their current and future wellbeing. For young people at an important life stage transitioning from childhood to adulthood, contributing factors to social exclusion and the consequences of social exclusion will vary...

The existing literature on social exclusion among older people, though relatively limited, suggests that disadvantage among older people is cumulative in nature. Some aspects of disadvantage starting at early life stages have long-term consequences. As such, older people with disadvantages may be subject to higher risks of persistent social exclusi...

http://media.amp.com.au/phoenix.zhtml?c=219073&p=irol-reportsNATSEM&nyo=0

One of the main challenges for the post-2015 agenda is to reach universal primary education for all children. The last decade experienced a boom of social protection programs aimed at increasing school enrollment, mostly in the form of Conditional Cash Transfers. These programs are mostly targeted to poor families and have proved to increase enroll...

Foreign participation in Indonesian banking has expanded from the establishment of foreign de novo banks into the acquisition of existing local banks. The increase in foreign participation has therefore not been associated with a growing number of banks. This study aims to examine the competitive behaviour of foreign and local banks as a competitiv...

This article discusses results of a spatial index of social exclusion for school-aged children at a small area level in Australia. Using data from the 2006 Census, at the height of the mining boom, the index is calculated to examine how the children aged 5-15 years in different states were faring at a time when there were significant differences in...

In 2014, Indonesia implemented a new, nationwide, subsidised universal-coverage health insurance program, under which poor Indonesians do not pay to become members and others pay a relatively low fee. This program has created a national debate about the effectiveness of the ownership of health insurance in increasing the use of health services—part...

Spatial and housing dimensions of economic and social inequalities have had increasing research and policy attention in Australia in recent years. Extensive research demonstrates the importance of the local environment especially for older people who may spend much of their time in their homes and neighbourhoods. While numerous studies have examine...

This article analyses the consumption growth elasticity and inequality elasticity of poverty in Indonesia, with a particular focus on the decentralisation period. Using provincial panel data, we show that the effectiveness of growth in alleviating poverty across provinces was greater during decentralisation—that is, between 2002 and 2010—than at an...

As one of the world’s largest emerging economies, Indonesia has experienced rapid economic growth and substantial reduction of poverty over the past three decades, particularly prior to the 1997-98 Asian Financial Crisis. After the crisis, Indonesia entered a new development phase that saw the fall of the Suharto government and new governance which...

Spatial microsimulation techniques have become an increasingly popular way of fulfilling the need for generating small-area data estimates. However, the technique also poses numerous methodological challenges, including the utilisation of two different databases simultaneously to produce estimates of population characteristics at the local level. A...

This chapter details issues and specific measures that need to be taken into account when preparing and harmonising sample survey and census data to build a spatial microsimulation model. Transforming and manipulating these data sources, so that they are as compatible as possible, will ensure that the spatial microsimulation technique being used is...

This paper presents innovative applications of spatial microsimulation techniques to develop estimates of the small area distribution of deep economic disadvantage and relative economic advantage among Australians 55 years and older, combining data on disposable income, main source of income, and housing tenure. The spatial microsimulation model pr...

The existing literature on social exclusion among older people, though relatively limited, suggests that disadvantage among the elderly is cumulative in nature. Some aspects of disadvantage starting at early life stages have long-term consequences. As such, older people with disadvantages may be subject to higher risks of persistent social exclusio...

Spatial microsimulation techniques have become an increasingly popular way to fulfil the need for generating small area data estimates. Nevertheless, this technique poses numerous methodological challenges, including those that relate to fundamental differences between the multiple data sources which spatial microsimulation techniques seek to combi...

There is a substantial literature within Australia examining poverty rates for different family types at the national level. This study presents the first Australian estimates of poverty rates for different types of families at a local level. This paper builds upon the SpatialMSM/08B model, which fuses together data from the 2006 Australian Bureau...

Towards small area indicators of well-being for older Australians: concepts and issues ii ABOUT NATSEM The National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling was established on 1 January 1993, and supports its activities through research grants, commissioned research and longer term contracts for model maintenance and development. NATSEM aims to be...

This paper examines the growth elasticity of poverty across three development episodes in Indonesia between 1984 and 2002, after controlling for inequality. It relies on estimation of panel data from the National Socio-Economic Survey conducted by the central statistics agency. Contrary to expectations, the growth elasticity of poverty was virtuall...

This paper examines national and spatial trends in the number and proportion of children with jobless parents during the past decade. At the national level, we found that the number of dependent children living in households where no parent had a job fell from around 756,000 in 1995-96 to around 684,000 in 2005-06. This reflects the increasing empl...

This paper examines whether the gap in fertility between women with higher education and in professional occupations and other women has narrowed or widened over time in Australia. Using data from the Australian Census of Population and Housing 1986, 1996 and 2006, the paper focuses on levels of childlessness. Both working women (using occupational...

The objective of this thesis is to examine the determinants of regional poverty and of poverty decline in Indonesia over the past 18 years (1984-2002). The thesis utilises a consistent provincial dataset for selected indicators of 26 provinces collected from 1984-2002. This thesis begins with an analysis of the growth elasticity of poverty across d...

This paper aims to investigate whether or not poverty is worse in the Eastern than in the Western part of Indonesia; and to understand the determinants of poverty in those regions. In this paper, cross-sectional and panel data techniques are applied to a provincial level data set for 1993 to 1996. The main findings of this paper are as follows. Fir...

APEC is a unique organization that promotes economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. It remains an informal intergovernmental organization that provides a useful platform for leaders, ministers, businessmen and experts to discuss regional issues on a regular basis. This book examines APEC's accomplishments in recent years and the challenges...