Basavaprabhu L Patil

Indian Institute of Horticultural Research | ICAR · Department of Biotechnology

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is found worldwide wherever citrus is cultivated, causing Citrus tristeza disease resulting in significant yield losses and sometimes the death of the plant. Transgenic citrus plants encoding CTV gene sequences have shown to exhibit pathogen-derived resistance to CTV. Exogenous application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)...

Main conclusion This study demonstrates the combinatorial management of multiple pests through a trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA)-based micro RNA-induced gene silencing (MIGS) strategy. Transgenic cotton events demonstrated improved efficacy against cotton leaf curl disease, cotton leaf hopper and root-knot nematode. Abstract Cotton (Gossypium hirsutu...

Plant viruses cause nearly half of the emerging plant diseases worldwide, contributing to 10–15% of crop yield losses. Control of plant viral diseases is mainly accomplished by extensive chemical applications targeting the vectors (i.e., insects, nematodes, fungi) transmitting these viruses. However, these chemicals have a significant negative effe...

Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV), responsible for the cassava mosaic disease in India, harbours two circular genomic components, DNA-A and DNA-B; the former being responsible for the encapsidation and replication and the latter for intra- and inter-cellular movement of the viral DNA. Two proteins, encoded by DNA-B, the movement protein (MP) and t...

Background: Plant associated endophytic microbes play an important role in plant’s growth and development. After seed germination, the seed associated endophytes rapidly colonize the seedlings and help in their growth and protection against pathogens. This study was aimed to understand the diversity in the endophytic microbial population associated...

Citrus yellow mosaic badnavirus (CMBV) causes mosaic disease in all economically important citrus cultivars of India, with losses reaching up to 70%. CMBV belongs to the genus Badnavirus, family Caulimoviridae, possessing a circular double-stranded (ds) DNA genome with six open reading frames (ORFs I to VI), whose functions are yet to be deciphered...

Plant virus diseases result from a complex interplay of virus, vector, and host over time under environmental conditions that allow efficient spread and survival of the virus, its host, and its vector. This chapter relates to the ecology of plant infecting viruses with emphasis on geminiviruses and their satellites. The ability of the virus to spre...

BACKGROUND Occurrence of multiple biotic stresses on crop plants result in drastic yield losses which may have severe impact on the food security. It is a challenge to design strategies for simultaneous management of these multiple stresses. Hence, establishment of innovative approaches that aid in their management is critical. Here, we have introg...

Unfortunately, the title of the article was incorrectly published in the original publication. The correct title is updated.

Viruses are known to infect almost every plant species and they inflict severe damages in several cultivated crops. Although large number of studies are done to characterize and manage these fast evolving viruses, till date there are only few estimates of losses caused by the plant viral diseases. Unless realistic estimates are made for the economi...

Geminiviruses cause major damage to crop plants and evolve through mutations, recombination and pseudo-recombination, expanding their host range and becoming pandemic due to international trade and invasive vector species. Management of geminiviruses consists of breeding resistant crops by employing natural resistance genes from different cultivate...

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is one of the most devastating viruses which causes huge damage to papaya plantations across the globe. PRSV is a positive sense RNA virus encoding for a polyprotein that is processed into ten proteins. In this study for the first time we analyzed the variability for 15 PRSV isolates from a selected geographical region...

This is the first report of a Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) isolate from the northeastern region of India. The nucleotide sequence identity of PRSV-Meghalaya was in the range of 72.6 to 82.5% with other Indian PRSV isolates, and the highest identity of 84.4% was with a French isolate. Population genetic analysis indicated positive selection.

This is the first report of a Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) isolate from the northeastern region of India. The nucleotide sequence identity of PRSV-Meghalaya was in the range of 72.6 to 82.5% with other Indian PRSV isolates, and the highest identity of 84.4% was with a French isolate. Population genetic analysis indicated positive selection.

High throughput sequencing technologies, supported by bioinformatics tools are employed to retrieve small RNA sequence information derived from the nucleic acids of plant infecting viruses. In addition to characterization of the small RNAs to understand the biology of the virus, the small RNA sequence can be assembled to reconstitute viral genome s...

Viruses are the most significant class of plant pathogens leading to huge economic losses causing significant loss in yield and the quality of almost all the cultivated crop plants. Several cultural practices have been adopted to check crop losses due to the viral diseases. Since it is not possible to control plant viral diseases through applicatio...

Viral diseases of crop plants cause significant yield losses, which is a major threat to global food security. Unlike other pests and pathogens, the only remedy available for control of plant viral diseases is through introgression of resistance trait, either through conventional breeding or through genetic engineering. Availability of few natural...

Sterility mosaic disease (SMD) of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) first reported in 1931, is an economically most important viral disease, which is endemic to India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar. SMD was long suspected to be a viral disease, however its causal agent, pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV) was discovered only in 2000. In 20...

Cowpea is an important grain legume crop of Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. Leaf curl and golden mosaic diseases caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) have emerged as most devastating viral diseases of cowpea in Southeast Asia. In this study, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) strategy to control cowpea-infecting MYMIV. F...

PCR conditions used for analysis. (DOCX)

A. Virus infected cowpea plants in field at diverse locations of India, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Chattishgarh (Left panel) B. Cowpea leaves collected from field of various locations: a-c Chhattisgarh, d-f Assam, g-j Jharkhand k-n, Maharashtra (right panel) C. Rolling circle amplification followed by restriction digestion of healthy and...

Agronomic characteristics of WT and virus challenge transgenic cowpea lines in T1 generation. (DOCX)

AC2 and AC4 target sequences used for preparation of RNAi constructs against seven begomoviruses cowpea isolates. (DOCX)

Sequences of primers used for the study. (DOCX)

RNA-interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific gene-silencing mechanism that is triggered by introduction of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by employing genetic engineering tools and techniques, which ultimately results in formation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the key molecules of gene silencing. The discovery of RNAi is one of the most impo...

Sterility mosaic disease (SMD) of pigeonpea is a serious constraint for cultivation of pigeonpea in India and other South Asian countries. SMD of pigeonpea is associated with two distinct emaraviruses, Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus 1 (PPSMV-1) and Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus 2 (PPSMV-2), with genomes consisting of five and six negative-sens...

B. L. Patil and N. Chandrashekar (2016) Teaching Review on “Strategies for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants” as part of Syllabus on “Plant Genetic Engineering” for e-Pathshala by UGC-INFLIBNET (University Grants Commission-Information and Library Network Centre, India).

The major threat for cassava cultivation on the Indian subcontinent is cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses which are bipartite begomoviruses with DNA A and DNA B components. Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) and Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) cause CMD in India. Two isolates of SLCMV infected the cassava cu...

Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most important staple food crops which provide nutrition and income for the millions of farmers worldwide, especially in tropical regions. Asia being the major continent for banana production contributes more than half of the world banana production (101.9 million tonnes). Banana is vegetatively propagated using suc...

Papaya (Carica papaya L.), native to the South American continent, is an important horticultural crop cultivated across the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. Papaya is rich source of vitamin-C and globally it is ranked fourth in total fruit production, next only to bananas, oranges and mangoes. India is the leading producer of papaya a...

Artificial miRNAs (amiRNA) were generated targeting conserved sequences within the genomes of the two causal agents of Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD): Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV). Transient expression studies on ten amiRNAs targeting 21 nt conserved sequences of P1(CBSV and UCBSV), P3(CBSV a...

This book focuses on the evolution of plant viruses, their molecular classification, epidemics and management, covering topics relating to evolutionary mechanisms, viral ecology and emergence, appropriate analysis methods, and the role of evolution in taxonomy. The currently emerging virus species are increasingly becoming a threat to our way of li...

Cassava mosaic disease caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) with bipartite genome organization is a major constraint for production of cassava in the African continent and the Indian sub-continent. Currently, there are eleven recognized species of CMGs, and several diverse isolates represent them, with vast amount of sequence variability,...

Unlabelled: Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV), a species of the genus Emaravirus, is the causal agent of sterility mosaic disease (SMD) of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp]. This disease, dubbed the 'green plague', as the infected plants remain in the vegetative state without flower production, has been reported from India and a few oth...

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) has emerged as the most important viral disease of cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Africa and is a major threat to food security. CBSD is caused by two distinct species of ipomoviruses, Cassava brown streak virus and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus, belonging to the family Potyviridae. Previously, CBSD was repo...

Diverse array of food legume crops (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) have been adopted worldwide for their protein-rich seed. Choice of legumes and their importance vary in different parts of the world. The economically important legumes are severely affected by a range of virus diseases causing significant economic losses due to reduction in grain produc...

Diseases caused by viral, fungal and bacterial pathogens pose great threat to food security in Africa. Use of disease resistant cultivars is among the most preferred tactic for disease control by smallholder farmers in Africa, who cannot afford cost intensive chemical inputs or labor intensive crop management practices. A number of disease resistan...

RNA silencing is a sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene inactivation mechanism that operates in diverse organisms and which can extend beyond its site of initiation, owing to the movement of the silencing signal, called non-autonomous gene silencing. Previous studies have shown that several factors manifest the movement of silencing signal,...

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), caused by Cassava brown streak Uganda virus (CBSUV) and Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV), is of new epidemic importance to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production in East Africa, and an emerging threat to the crop in Central and West Africa. This study demonstrates that at least one of these two ipomoviru...

Plant virus diseases result from a complex interplay of virus, vector, and host over time under favorable environmental conditions that allow efficient spread and survival of the virus, its host and its vector. This chapter relates to the ecology of plant viruses with emphasis on geminiviruses and their satellites. The ability of the virus to sprea...

Table S1: Primers used to PCR amplify begomovirus genes and gfpfor cloning in the PVX vector.

Whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) are a major limiting factor for the production of numerous dicotyledonous crops throughout the world. Begomoviruses differ in the number of components that make up their genomes and association with satellites, and yet they cause strikingly similar phenotypes, such as leaf curling, chlorosis and st...

Begomoviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses that cause economically important diseases of many crops throughout the world and induce symptoms in plants, including enations, leaf curling and stunting, that resemble developmental abnormalities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNAs that are involved in a variety of activities, including plan...

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is emerging as one of the most important viral diseases of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and is considered today as the biggest threat to cassava cultivation in East Africa. The disease is caused by isolates of at least two phylogenetically distinct species of single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Pot...

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) has occurred in the Indian Ocean coastal lowlands and some areas of Malawi in East Africa for decades, and makes the storage roots of cassava unsuitable for consumption. CBSD is associated with Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and the recently described Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) [picorna-like (+...

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), caused by two distinct species, Cassava brown streak Uganda virus (CBSUV) and Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV), is a major constraint to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production in Africa. Absence of infectious clones of CBSUV or CBSV and the lack of efficient means of mechanical transmission of CBSD has h...

Figure S1. Phylogenetic trees constructed from an alignment of DNA-A (A) and DNAB (B) component sequences of 182 bipartite begomoviruses. The trees were constructed from 2947 informative sites for the DNA-A alignment and 3223 informative sites for the DNA-B alignment. For brevity only the standardised virus acronyms are used [1,32] complemented by...

Viruses of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) have genomes consisting of either one or two genomic components. The component of bipartite begomoviruses known as DNA-A is homologous to the genomes of all geminiviruses and encodes proteins required for replication, control of gene expression, overcoming host defenses, encapsidation and inse...

Geminiviruses are often associated with subviral agents called DNA satellites that require proteins encoded by the helper virus for their replication, movement and encapsidation. Hitherto, most of the single-stranded DNA satellites reported to be associated with members of the family Geminiviridae have been associated with monopartite begomoviruses...

SUMMARY Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) is one of the most devastating crop diseases and a major constraint for cassava cultivation. CMD has been reported only from the African continent and Indian subcontinent despite the large-scale cultivation of cassava in Latin America and several South-East Asian cou...

Cloned DNA-B components, belonging to the bipartite begomoviruses Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) and Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV), family Geminiviridae, when co-inoculated along with previously cloned DNA-A components of the respective viruses onto the experimental host Nicotiana benthamiana, generated defective DNAs (def-DNA) rangin...

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is one of the most devastating plant diseases in the world and is spreading fast, covering more than 20 countries across the globe. This disease is caused by several viruses belonging to different species which altogether are referred to as “Tomato yellow leaf curl viruses” (TYLCV). Taxonomically they all bel...

Related sequence AJ512823 and AJ314739.

Related sequence AJ512823.

Related sequence AJ512823.

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is caused by various begomoviruses of the family Geminiviridae leading to considerable crop losses in Africa and Asia. Recombination between their genomic components has generated new pathotypes with enhanced virulence in Africa. Here, we report about a survey on the biodiversity of begomoviruses in cassava from souther...