Atsumi Nitta

University of Toyama | U Toyama · Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy & Neuropharmacology

Depression is a frequent and serious illness, and stress is considered the main risk factor for its onset. First-line antidepressants increase serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) levels in the brain. We previously reported that an N -acetyltransferase, Shati/Nat8l, is upregulated in the dorsal striatum (dSTR) of stress-susceptible mice exposed to...

Aims: Cigarette smoking is a preventable risk factor for various diseases such as cancer, ischemic stroke, cardiac stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Smoking cessation is of great importance not only for individual smokers but also for social health. Regarding current cessation therapies, the effectiveness of nicotine replacement i...

Objectives The relationships between stress hormones and oxidative DNA damage have not yet been explored in human hypertension. We investigated the associations of urinary levels of cortisol or catecholamines with those of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage in primary hypertension. Methods Untreated 156 primary hypertens...

Cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS) in humans is characterized by various somatic symptoms, including sleep disturbances. In the present study, we investigated sleep alterations in mice after the cessation of arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA), a cannabinoid type 1 receptor agonist, administration. ACPA-administered mice (ACPA mice) displayed an inc...

[Introduction] Despite the health damage risks of tobacco, success rate of smoking cessation is quite low. Tobacco dependence has aspects of substance and behavioral addiction. The latter aspect is supported by the limited efficacy of smoking cessation by nicotine replacement therapy such as nicotine gum or patches. In this study, to clarify the me...

Cannabis is the most widely used addictive drug following alcohol and tobacco. However, the mechanisms involved in the mental effects and dependence formation are unclear. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active substance in cannabis, binds and affects cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1R) in the brain. The mice were i.p. administered arachido...

[Background] Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely distributed addictive drug in the world. Since there is no effective treatment for METH addiction, novel therapeutic agents are required. Previously, we reported that microinjection of osteopontin (OPN), immune-modulating extracellular matrix protein, to the nucleus accumbens reduced METH preference b...

The number of cannabis users is increasing in the world. However, the mechanisms involved in the psychiatric effects and addiction formation remain unclear. Medical treatments against cannabis addiction have not yet been established. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active substance in cannabis, binds and affects cannabinoid type 1 receptors...

Methamphetamine (METH), the most widely distributed psychostimulant, aberrantly activates the reward system in the brain to induce addictive behaviors. The presynaptic protein “Piccolo”, encoded by Pclo, was identified as a METH-responsive protein with enhanced expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in mice. Although the physiological and pathol...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a type of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid β, a causative protein of AD, in the brain. Shati/Nat8l, identified as a psychiatric disease related molecule, is a responsive enzyme of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) synthesis. In the hippocampi of AD patients and model mice, the NAA content and Shati/Nat8l express...

As the elderly population rapidly increases worldwide, the onset of cognitive dysfunction is expected to increase. Although neuronal plasticity, neurogenesis, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been reported to be involved in cognitive function, the detailed mechanism of cognitive impairment accompanied by aging is poorly understood as there are ma...

In recent years, cannabis is known to affect the central nervous system and designated as an illegal drug and its possession or use is prohibited in many countries and regions. Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main component of cannabis, acts on CB1 receptors, which are highly expressed in presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system. The...

[Introduction] Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most widely addictive drugs in the world. Repeated drug use frequently leads to cognitive impairment, but no effective treatment has been established. In the presents study, we examined the cognitive function of mice with injection of METH to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to clarify the mechanism of...

[Background] Chronic stress does not trigger depression in all individuals, as some remain resilient. However, the underlying mechanisms that contribute to stress sensitivity have been poorly understood. We found that Shati/Nat8l, N-acetyltransferase, levels increased in the dorsal striatum of stress-susceptible mice exposed repeated social defeat...

Numbers of patients with mental disorders have been significantly increased in the worldwide. A single nucleotide polymorphism of Odz4 of bipolar disorder patients had been reported in Genome Wide Association Study. Odz4 encodes Teneurin-4 (Tenm4). Therefore, we investigated the physiological role of Tenm4 by knocking down Tenm4 specifically in the...

【Introduction】 Methamphetamine (METH) is addictive drugs widely distributed in the world. Since METH users cannot be recovered from addictive symptoms, a novel medication is required. We have reported that local injection of osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix protein, to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) suppresses behavioral alterations induced...

Introduction: Reduced cerebral blood flow damages the brain tissue in ischemic stroke. Recently, some studies have been reported the involvement of peripheral immune cells in the stroke pathology. Whereas, the existence of the meningeal lymphatic vessels was confirmed in the brain, suggesting that the peripheral immune cells enter the brain through...

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the main neurotrophic factor that can control sympathetic nerve innervation and sympathetic neural activity in cardiovascular organs. Although NGF overproduction and its influences on the sympathetic nervous system have been shown in hypertensive animals, NGF status and its association with sympathetic nerve activity ha...

Background Focusing on medical instruments and materials used for high-risk medicines for cancer treatments, a test on knowledge of medical instruments requiring acquisition of basic knowledge and materials was developed for students in pharmacy school. The aim of the study is to investigate the reliability and validity of the test (medical instrum...

Background: Focusing on medical instruments and materials used for high-risk medicines for cancer treatments, a test on knowledge of medical instruments requiring acquisition of basic knowledge and materials was developed for students in pharmacy school. The aim of the study is to investigate the reliability and validity of the test (medical instru...

Depression is one of the most common mental diseases, with increasing numbers of patients globally each year. In addition, approximately 30% of patients with depression are resistant to any treatment and do not show an expected response to first-line antidepressant drugs. Therefore, novel antidepressant agents and strategies are required. Although...

Piccolo, a presynaptic cytomatrix protein, plays a role in synaptic vesicle trafficking in the presynaptic active zone. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the Piccolo-encoding gene PCLO are reported to be associated with mental disorders. However, a few studies have evaluated the relationship between Piccolo dysfunction and psychotic sympto...

The global number of patients with depression increases in correlation to exposure to social stress. Chronic stress does not trigger depression in all individuals, as some remain resilient. The underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to stress sensitivity have been poorly understood, although revealing the regulation of stress sensitivity c...

Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder that usually develops during adolescence and young adulthood. Since genetic and environmental factors are involved in the disease, the molecular status of the pathology of schizophrenia differs across patients. Recent genetic studies have focused on the association between schizophrenia and the immune...

[Background] In pathogenesis of depression, BDNF in the brain plays an important role. We found that Shati/Nat8l and BDNF mRNA levels were increased in the striatum of depression model mice exposed repeated social defeat stress (R-SDS), and they were corelated. In this study, we revealed the mechanism of regulation in BDNF by Shati/Nat8l and the ro...

Abuse of psychostimulant is global problems, and methamphetamine (METH) is the most widely used. METH is known to modulate the function of dopamine (DA) neurons in the mesolimbic system, and in particular it projects from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) which has been implicated in reward. The mechanism of drug depen...

【Introduction】Shati/Nat8l was discovered from drug addictive mice, which synthesizes N-acetyl aspartic acid (NAA), an important molecule for neuronal activity. We have been reported that Shati/Nat8l is involved in the cognitive function and stress sensitivity. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a dementia, one of whose characteristics is a deposition of s...

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a disease with reiterate depressive and manic states. In the genome-wide association studies, Single nucleotide polymorphisms of ODZ4 were reported in BD patients. However, the function of Teneurin-4, the protein encoded by ODZ4 gene, in the brain is unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether reduction of Teneur...

[Background] Cognitive impairment includes dysfunction of learning and memory. Many studies by various kind of experiments have clarified that the hippocampus plays an important role in cognitive function. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is considered one of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of memory. Shati / Nat8l is localized in neuronal cells...

A novel N-acetyltransferase, Shati/Nat8l, was identified in the brains of mice exposed to methamphetamine. Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was found to attenuate methamphetamine-induced dependence. The mPFC is a brain region that plays an important role in cognitive function. However, the effect of Shati/Nat8l on c...

Enhancement of photoexcited charge separation in semiconductor photocatalysts is one of the important subjects to improve the efficiency of energy conversion for photocatalytic overall water splitting into H2 and O2. In this study, we report an efficient separation of photoexcited charge at the interface between non-doped pure CeO2 and Y3+-doped Ce...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric diseases. However, early detection and diagnosis of MDD is difficult, largely because there is no known biomarker or objective diagnostic examination, and its diagnosis is instead based on a clinical interview. The aim of this study was to develop a novel diagnostic tool using DN...

Successful completion of daily activities relies on the ability to select the relevant features of the environment for memory and recall. Disruption to these processes can lead to various disorders, such as attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dopamine is a neurotransmitter implicated in the regulation of several processes, including at...

[Background] In pathogenesis of depression, BDNF in the brain play an important role. We found that Shati/Nat8l mRNA is increased in striatum of depression model mice exposed repeated social defeat stress (R-SDS). It is reported that BDNF mRNA levels are increased in any brain regions of Shati/Nat8l KO mice. In this study, we revealed the roles of...

Background Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most widely distributed psychostimulants in worldwide. Despite active Countermeasures taken by different countries, neither the overall usage of METH nor the frequency of repeat users has reduced over the past decade. METH induces abuse and dependence as it acts on the central nervous system and tempo...

Shati/Nat8l and TMEM168 were identified from nucleus accumbens (NAcc), which received continuous methamphetamine treatments. Shati/Nat8l is a synthetic enzyme that produces N-acetylaspartate (NAA) from L-aspartate and acetyl-coenzyme NAA is converted into N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) by NAAG synthetase (NAAGS). NAAG works as a highly selective...

N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is synthesized by aspartate N-acetyltransferase (gene: Nat8l) from acetyl-coenzyme A and aspartate. In the brain, NAA is considered an important energy metabolite for lipid synthesis. However, the role of NAA in peripheral tissues remained elusive. Therefore, we characterized the metabolic phenotype of knockout (ko) and adip...

The number of patients with depressive disorders is increasing. However, the mechanism of depression onsets has not been completely revealed. We previously identified Shati/Nat8l, an N-acetyltransferase, in the brain using an animal model of psychosis. In this study, we revealed the involvement of Shati/Nat8l in the vulnerability to major depressio...

Aim: We previously reported that methamphetamine (METH)-induced conditioned place preference was attenuated by Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the mPFC expressed lower levels of both glutamate and dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and attenuated METH-induced DA elevation....

Shati/Nat8l is a novel N‐acetyltransferase identified in the brain of mice treated with methamphetamine (METH). Shati/Nat8l mRNA is expressed in various brain areas, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), where the expression level is higher than that in other brain regions. Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) attenuates the p...

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases, and is often resistant to treatment. Its diagnose is based on clinical interview, but not objective examinations. Since there is no biomarkers for depression, we evaluated DNA methylation in SHATI/NAT8L promotor regions in patients with the illness, and examined the effect of medication. Me...

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with cognitive dysfunction as one of the core symptoms. Piccolo encoded by the PCLO gene serves at the nerve terminal, its knock down (KD) in mice prefrontal cortex (PFC) induced schizophrenia-like symptoms. The animal model shows cognitive dysfunction, however the mechanism has not been clarified. In this...

We found and study new three molecules related methamphetamine dependence, Shati/Nat8L, Piccolo and TMEM168. Accumbal Shati rescue the dependence-induced by methamphetamine via mGluR3, and dopaminergic deficiency. Reduce of Piccolo can inhibit methamphetamine dependence via GABA regulation. TMEM168 also inhibit the methamphetamine dependence via os...

Shati/Nat8l (Shati) is a novel N-acetyltransferase identified in the brain of mice treated with methamphetamine (METH). Recent studies showed that Shati overexpression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) attenuates pharmacological response of methamphetamine (METH) via mGluR3. Meanwhile, it is reported that after METH self-administration and during rein...

[Background] The number of patients that have depressive disorder is increasing. However, the mechanism of depression onsets has not been completely revealed. We have previously identified Shati/Nat8l (Shati), an N-acetyltransferase, in the brain using a mouse model of psychosis. We reported that Shati is related to developmental disorder and metha...

Shati/Nat8l was originally isolated as a methamphetamine-related-molecule from the nucleus accumbens of mice. Since then, Shati/Nat8l has been characterized as an N-acetyltransferase-8-like protein (Nat8l) that catalyzes N-acetylaspartate (NAA) synthesis from aspartate and acetyl-coenzyme A. It has been shown that elevated NAA levels detected by pr...

Background: Chronic exposure to methamphetamine causes adaptive changes in brain, which underlie dependence symptoms. We have found that the transmembrane protein 168 (TMEM168) is overexpressed in the nucleus accumbens of mice upon repeated methamphetamine administration. Methods; We overexpressed TMEM168 in the nucleus accumbens of mice by using a...

[Background] We found Shati/Nat8l increase in the mice brain of mice treated with methamphetamine. SHATI is N-acetyltransferase 8-like protein (NAT8L) that produces N-acetylaspatate (NAA) from aspartate and acetyl-CoA in the neuron. We produced Shati/Nat8l knockout (Shati-/-) mouse that demonstrated behavioral deficits, such as hyperactivity and so...

[Background] Shati/Nat8l is a novel N-acetyltransferase which generates N-acetylaspartate from aspartate and acetyl-CoA. It has been identified from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice treated with methamphetamine (METH). Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the NAc attenuates METH action. Shati/Nat8l mRNA levels were higher in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)...

[Background] Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder and is characterized by the positive symptom, negative symptom and cognitive dysfunction. Several risk factors such as genetic and environmental factors are generally involved in contributing to the onset of schizophrenia. Previous reports revealed that the expression levels of PCLO mRNA enhan...

[Background] The number of patients that have depressive disorder is increasing. However, the mechanism of depression onsets has not been completely revealed. In such situation, we are mention to SHATI/NAT8L. SHAT/NAT8L is a related protein as psychiatric disorder, and synthesize N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA). NAA is converted to N-acetyl-aspartyl-gluta...

Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the stimulants and distributed worldwide. It is known that the number of repetitive users doesn't decrease and that they develop abuse and dependence in many cases, however the medication for METH addiction is not effective. Therefore, searching for new effective molecules related to METH addiction is important. We...

Background: Shati/Nat8l significantly increased in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice after repeated methamphetamine (METH) treatment. We reported that the expression of Shati/Nat8l mRNA was increased following brain development in mice, while there was a reduction in the myelin basic protein (MBP) level in the prefrontal cortex of juvenile, but n...

Transmembrane protein 168 (TMEM168) comprises 697 amino acid residues, including some putative transmembrane domains. It is reported that TMEM168 controls methamphetamine (METH) dependence in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice. Moreover, a strong link between METH dependence-induced adaptive changes in the brain and mood disorders has been evaluat...

We have identified SHATI/NAT8L in the brain of mice treated with methamphetamine. Recently, it has been reported that SHATI is N-acetyltransferase 8-like protein (NAT8L) that produces N-acetylaspatate (NAA) from aspartate and acetyl-CoA. We have generated SHATI/NAT8L knockout (Shati−/−) mouse which demonstrates behavioral deficits that are not resc...

We previously identified a novel molecule, SHATI/NAT8L, as having an inhibitory effect on methamphetamine dependence. We generated Shati/Nat8l knockout (KO) mice and found that they showed neurochemical changes and behavioral abnormalities related to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). In this study, we assessed validities of the Shat...

Chronic exposure to methamphetamine causes adaptive changes in brain, which underlie dependence symptoms. We have found that the transmembrane protein 168 (TMEM168) is overexpressed in the nucleus accumbens of mice upon repeated methamphetamine administration. Here, we firstly demonstrate the inhibitory effect of TMEM168 on methamphetamine-induced...

Background: Several clinical studies have suggested that N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) levels in the human brain are associated with various psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder. We have previously identified Shati/Nat8l, an N-acetyltransferase, in the brain using an animal model of psychosis. S...

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is known to induce dependence and psychosis in humans. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the synaptic plasticity and neurotrophy in midbrain dopaminergic neurons. This study aimed to investigate the role of BDNF in MDMA-induced dependence and psychosis. A single dose of MDMA (10 mg/kg)...

Shati/Nat8L significantly increased in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice after repeated methamphetamine (METH) treatment. We reported that Shati/Nat8L overexpression in mouse NAc attenuated METH-induced hyperlocomotion, locomotor sensitization, and conditioned place preference. We recently found that Shati/Nat8L overexpression in NAc regulates th...

The relationship of drd1a gene to Shati/Nat8L expression. The Figure indicates that the relationship between Shati/Nat8L expression and METH effect on brain slice experiments. **p<0.01 vs. aCSF. (Newman–Keuls post hoc test). (B) Dopamine D1 or D2 receptor antagonist (D1: SCH23390 10uM, D2: sulpiride 10uM) was pretreated before METH (1mM) stimulatio...

Background Taxanes are known to cause onychopathy. Previous studies have reported the relationship between onychopathy and paclitaxel dosing intervals and cumulative doses. However, there are no studies of the predictive factors for docetaxel-induced nail changes. The present study used the drug accumulation rate (mg/m²/day) as a novel indicator an...

The number of patients with schizophrenia has increased over the past decade. Previously, many studies have been performed to establish its diagnostic criteria, prophylactic methods, and effective therapies. In this study, we analyzed whether the ratios of DNA methylation in CpG islands of the Shati/Nat8l is decreased in model mice of schizophrenia...

Rationale: Although dependence to methamphetamine (METH) is associated with serious psychiatric symptoms and is a global health and social problem, no effective therapeutic approaches have been identified. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11) is an ocotillol-type saponin that is isolated from Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) and was shown to have ne...

We previously identified a novel molecule "SHATI/NAT8L" that exerts an inhibitory effect on methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavioral deficits. Recently, it has been reported that SHATI might function as an aspartate N-acetyltransferase, which synthesizes N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in vitro. However, whether SHATI actually synthesizes NAA in vivo in t...

A novel N-acetyltransferase, Shati/Nat8l, was identified in the nucleus accumbens of mice repeatedly treated with methamphetamine (METH). Shati/Nat8l has been reported to inhibit the pharmacological action induced by METH. Shati/Nat8l produces N-acetylaspartate from aspartate and acetyl-CoA. Previously, we reported that overexpression of Shati/Nat8...

To investigate the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the development of hypertensive renal vascular remodeling, antiserum against NGF (anti-NGF) or vehicle was injected at 3 weeks of age in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats (n = 9 for each treatment in each strain). Flow-pressure (F-P) and pressure-glomerular filt...

Effective communication between pharmacists and patients is a crucial factor in ensuring that medications are used properly. However, few studies have examined the contents of actual on-site communications between pharmacists and patients. To identify the characteristics of and problems with routine communications between pharmacists and patients u...

Piccolo (PCLO) inhibits methamphetamine-induced neuropharmacological effects via modulation of dopamine (DA) uptake and regulation of the transport of synaptic vesicles in neuronal cells. Clinical studies have recently suggested that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13438494 in the intron 24 of the PCLO gene is associated with psychiatric...

Sodium bisulfate is known to affect the stability of octreotide. However, the critical concentration of sodium bisulfate is not known. Therefore, we assessed the critical concentration of sodium bisulfate needed to preserve the stability of octreotide using actual drugs containing sodium bisulfate. Although morphine and metoclopramide preparations...

Pharmacists are required to form a partnership with their patients in order to support their recuperation; however, pharmacists have few opportunities to learn how to acquire high-quality communication skills while providing patient-centered care. Therefore, we created a new simulated patient (SP) participatory learning program using the Database o...

A devastating psychiatric disorder, schizophrenia is characterized by three major symptoms, positive and negative symptoms and cognitive deficit. Almost all current therapeutic drugs for schizophrenia have efficacy for positive symptoms, and weak efficacy for negative and cognitive deficit. In particular, social withdrawal, diminished motivation, a...

Addictive drugs lead to reinforcing properties by increasing dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which is composed of a core and shell regions. Neurons in the NAc are divided into two subtypes based on the differential gene expression of the dopamine D1 receptors (D1rs) and D2 receptors (D2rs). In the present study, we investigated the role of...

Many psychiatric disorders are caused by the abnormalities of the dopaminergic neuronal system. A novel N-acetyltransferase, Shati/Nat8l, was identified in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice with methamphetamine (METH) treatment. Previously, we reported that suppression of Shati/Nat8l in the NAc enhanced METH-induced behavioral impairment via dopa...

Patients exhibiting nasal irritation symptoms (NIS) during chemotherapy for breast cancer were recruited to identify the causative agents and risk factors for NIS. The regimens, anticancer agents used, doses administered, gender, age, body surface area, serum creatinine level (Cr), AST, ALT, performance status, clinical stage, and presence or absen...

A novel N-acetyltransferase, Shati/Nat8l, was identified in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice with methamphetamine (METH) treatment. Previously we reported that suppression of Shati/Nat8l enhanced METH-induced behavioral alterations via dopaminergic neuronal regulation. However, the physiological mechanisms of Shati/Nat8l on the dopaminergic syst...

A man in his 50’s attempted suicide by ingesting a pesticide, and was emergently admitted to our hospital. On arrival, his consciousness level was GCS 3 (E1VTM1), blood pressure 136/86 mmHg, and pulse rate 57/min. His pupils were miotic (1 mm), and his serum cholinesterase level was 2 IU/L. Since an empty bottle found near his body raised the suspi...

We previously identified a new molecule, "SHATI/NAT8L," which has an inhibitory effect on methamphetamine (METH)-induced hyperlocomotion, sensitization, and conditioned place preference. Nevertheless, the extent of SHATI localization and its functions are only partially understood. In this study, we used the FLAG-tag method to investigate SHATI loc...

In a previous report, we identified a novel molecule, SHATI/NAT8L, having an inhibitory effect on methamphetamine (METH)-induced hyperlocomotion, sensitization, and conditioned place preference (CPP). SHATI/NAT8L attenuates the METH-induced increase in dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by promoting plasmalemmal and vesicular dopamine...

N-acetyltransferase 8-like (Nat8l) catalyzes the formation of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) from acetyl-CoA and aspartate. In brain, NAA delivers the acetate moiety for synthesis of acetyl-CoA that is further used for fatty acid generation. However, its function in other tissues remained elusive. Here, we show for the first time that Nat8l is highly expr...

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13438494 in intron 24 of PCLO was significantly associated with bipolar disorder in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies. In this study, we performed functional minigene analysis and bioinformatics prediction of splicing regulatory sequences to characterize the deep intronic SNP rs13438494. W...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) protein and tau deposition in the brain. Numerous studies have reported a central role of Aβ in the development of AD, but the pathogenesis is not well understood. Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), an intracellular protein mediating a repulsive axon guidance molecule, Semaphor...

Various molecules are involved in drug addiction induced by drugs of abuse. Therefore, the mechanism of drug addiction is still not clear, and it has been a difficulty in the development of preventive and curative drugs for drug dependence. We tried to identify the molecules associated with drug dependence, and found three molecules including shati...

Background: Although several dexamethasone phosphate preparations are commercially available and frequently administered with octreotide acetate, their compatibility remains unknown. Aim: We investigated the effect of pH and sodium bisulphate on the stability of octreotide acetate. Measurement design: Octreotide acetate percentage was measured 3 an...