mRNA - Science topic

The standard regimen of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin offers limited clinical benefits in the treatment of advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) due to intrinsic or acquired resistance. Currently, effective biomarkers to predict and improve chemotherapy resistance in ICC are lacking. Here, it is reported that a long non‐coding RNA (l...

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are key non-viral carriers for mRNA vaccines and therapeutics, but the inherent instability of mRNA necessitates sub-zero storage with cryoprotectants (CPAs) to prevent freeze-induced LNP aggregation and compromised mRNA delivery. Here we show that ice formation during freezing concentrates CPAs with LNPs in the remaining...

Purpose The flexible protein GRB2 interacts with HER1–4 on the cell surface and regulates the development of tumor cells; meanwhile, it is also an RBP that plays an important role in post‐transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes, which affects every stage of mRNA synthesis, modification, splicing, and stabilization. Although some studies have found...

Motivation Stochastic gene expression and cell-to-cell heterogeneity have attracted increased interest in recent years, enabled by advances in single-cell measurement technologies. These studies are also increasingly complemented by quantitative biophysical modeling, often using the framework of stochastic biochemical kinetic models. However, infer...

Recent advancements in sequencing technology have allowed scientists to study the function and expression of different non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are increasingly recognized as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. These classes of ncRNAs are closed loops that are made from alternative mRNA splicing and can be found in large...

The emergence of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines has marked a seminal shift in the field of immunization, heralding an era characterized by unprecedented speed and efficacy in the face of infectious diseases. The global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed the rapid development and deployment of two leading mRNA vaccines, Comirnaty and Sp...

Understanding how cnidarians pattern their nervous systems can provide insight into the ancestral mechanisms of neurogenesis that are shared with bilaterians, shedding light on the evolution of nervous systems. While previous studies have revealed deeply conserved mechanisms for neural induction and progenitor selection between cnidarians and bilat...

To address the need for broadly protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, we developed an attenuated a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine virus that lacks the open reading frames of two viral structural proteins: the envelope (E) and membrane (M) proteins. This vaccine virus (ΔEM) replicates in a cell line stably expressing E and M but not in wild-type cells. Vaccination wi...

Purpose Laser-assisted hatching (LAH) is a typical procedure in ART. It is used when embryos are unable to hatch. To reduce the potential damage to embryos caused by millisecond laser typically used to create zona pellucida openings, we have developed a protocol for femtosecond laser microsurgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the possib...

Studying the interactions between microRNAs/isomiRs and mRNAs is critical due to their fundamental roles in gene regulation and their involvement in various diseases. Although many isomiRs have been identified, the analysis of their interactions with mRNAs remains in its early stages. In this study, we compiled available human chimeric read data, e...

Common cold coronaviruses, such as OC43 and HKU1, generally cause mild respiratory infections in healthy people. However, they can lead to severe illness in high-risk groups, including immunocompromised individuals and older adults. Currently, there is no clinically approved vaccine to prevent infection by common cold coronaviruses. Here, we develo...

Introduction Comparative effectiveness data of COVID-19 vaccines remain limited. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) feasibility assessment of effectiveness studies of Omicron-adapted COVID-19 vaccines. Research design and methods Searches in MEDLINE and Embase up to February 2025 identified studies comparing the effec...

Background Reflux esophagitis is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by significant inflammatory responses. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in inflammation, and miR- 223 - 3p has been found to inhibit its expression by targeting NLRP3 mRNA. This study aims to further investigate the mechanism by which miR- 223 - 3p inhibits...

The technical noise introduced during single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has led to the use of size factor normalization as a first step prior to data analysis. However, this scaling approach inherently affects extrinsic (between cell) variability of gene expression, which stems from both biological and technical factors. We propose a general e...

The RNA demethylase FTO acts as a methyl 'eraser' to remove either internal N6-methyladenosine (m ⁶ A) or 5′ end N6-2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m ⁶ A m ) modifications on mRNA. FTO has an intrinsic preference and significantly faster demethylation rates in vitro for m ⁶ A m modifications located at the 5′ mRNA cap structure, but the structural basis fo...

Double-stranded (ds) RNAs are major structural components of the transcriptome, hallmarks of viral infection, and primary triggers of innate immune responses. The J2 monoclonal antibody is the gold-standard method to discover and map endogenous dsRNAs across subcellular locations and cell surfaces, detect exogenous RNAs in viral infection, and surv...

Background COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine-related myocarditis, though rare, primarily affects young males and often presents its symptoms within the 1st week postvaccination. Aims and Objectives To assess the long-term outcomes of individuals diagnosed with myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods We conducted a ca...

We used epidemiological data from 21195 patients with cancer and 180407 matched controls, including in-depth analyses in 216 cancer patients, to discover clinical and molecular determinants that predispose cancer patients to breakthrough infections. Patients with B cell malignancies, with differential expression of CD24, CDK14 and PLEKHG1, were mos...

Understanding the activity of miRNA in individual cells presents a challenge due to the limitations of single-cell technologies in capturing miRNAs. To tackle this obstacle, we introduce two deep learning models: Cross-Modality (CM) and Single-Modality (SM). These models utilize encoder-decoder architectures to predict miRNA expression at the bulk...

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a severe gynecological malignancy with a high mortality rate among women worldwide. It is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the lack of effective screening methods. This study investigated the expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs) hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-145-5p as potential OC prognostic and diagnostic biomarker...

The wide diversity of organisms in which introns stimulate gene expression suggests that this is an ancient phenomenon. However, the mechanisms through which introns boost expression remain poorly understood, and the degree the which the action of introns is evolutionarily conserved is unknown. Here we compared the effect on expression of introns a...

COVID-19 vaccines encoding JN.1 (mRNA-1273.167) and KP.2 (mRNA-1273.712) were approved for the immunization programs for the 2024-2025 season. This ongoing, open-label, phase 3b/4 study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-1273.167 and mRNA-1273.712 against vaccine-matched variants and JN.1-lineage subvariants (KP.3.1.1, XEC, LP.8.1) in...

Human papillomavirus (HPV), as the main virus causing these cancers, accounts for 5.2% of the global cancer rate. Many preventive vaccines against HPV have already appeared on the market, and nowadays more and more researchers are carrying out more studies on therapeutic vaccines against HPV. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the latest resea...

Background: While multiple studies have shown that the BNT162b2 XBB.1.5-adapted mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2 XBB vaccine) is effective in preventing COVID-19 hospitalisation and death, effectiveness beyond six months remains unexplored. Aim: We extended our previous study of BNT162b2 XBB vaccine effectiveness (VE) to evaluate durability against...

Objective Based on the available evidence, the cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) appears to play a role in increasing the stability of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) mRNA. This research aimed to examine the levels of CIRBP and HIF1α mRNA within breast tumor tissues and explore the relationship between their gene expression and tu...

Este documento es una traducción y adaptación de "Effectiveness of a single COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review" publicado por Hannan Volkman y colegas de Pfizer Inc., New York, USA en Nature Communications Medicine el 3 de mayo de 2025. Es una revisión sistemática de la literatura existent...

Background Based on high population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from prior infection, vaccination, or both, in fall 2023, regulatory agencies globally authorized/approved a single mRNA XBB.1.5-adapted vaccine dose for individuals aged ≥5 years regardless of prior vaccination. Methods We conducted a systematic review on vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a s...

mRNA vaccines have demonstrated considerable efficacy and safety against SARS-CoV-2, limiting the pandemic burden worldwide. The emergence of new variants of concern and the decline in neutralizing activity observed several weeks post-vaccination reinforced the call for repeated mRNA vaccination. We and others have shown that vaccine efficacy does...

Introduction Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 or HSV-2 is a major cause of genital herpes, contributing to increased susceptibility to HIV, encephalitis, and other severe complications. Despite the availability of antiviral therapies such as acyclovir, their effectiveness is limited due to resistance and side effects, emphasizing the urgent need for an...

RNA терапиите включват голям набор от стратегии и механизми на действие, защото съществуват различни видове RNA, които имат разнообразни функции в клетката – mRNA ваксини и имунотерапии, генни терапии, базирани на miRNA, заглушаване на гени чрез siRNA, терапии за моногенни заболявания чрез asRNA, RNA аптамери за генни терапии. Към 2024 г. има одобр...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the global problem of respiratory disease from 2019 to 2024. One of the earliest variations in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein was the S D614G mutation. SARS-CoV-2 has several important variants, namely, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Omicron is the variant that has caused severe...

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children, with low cure rates due to the lack of accurate predictive tar-gets. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) has been implicated in various tumors and may regulate ferroptosis, but its role in HB remains unexplored. This study analyzed patient tissues and integrated mRNA m...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous bile acids (BAs) on production performance, serum biochemistry, lipid metabolism, and intestinal morphology in broilers. A total of 20,000 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to two treatment groups, with eight replicates of 1,250 chicks each, for a dura...

Human La-related protein 6 (HsLARP6) participates in the post-transcriptional regulation of type I collagen biosynthesis and is involved in the onset and progression of fibroproliferative disease. The RNA-binding protein HsLARP6 recognizes a hairpin structure known as the 5’ stem-loop (5’SL) located at the junction of 5’ untranslated and coding reg...

Xülasə 2019-cu ilin sonunda Çində ortaya çıxan və sürətlə bütün dünyaya yayılan COVID-19 pandemiyası qlobal səhiyyə sistemlərinə, iqtisadiyyata və ictimai həyata ciddi təsir göstərmişdir. Pandemiyanın qarşısını almaq üçün ən təsirli vasitələrdən biri kimi peyvəndlər ön plana çıxmış və bu istiqamətdə genişmiqyaslı tədqiqatlara başlanılmışdır. Bu məq...

Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX) can offer protection to the nervous, urinary and circulatory systems. It can alleviate local oxidative stress, reduce inflammatory responses, inhibite cellular autophagy and decrease apoptosis. Aim To explore the potential protection and possible mechanisms of DEX against propofol (PPF)-induced memory impairment in...

Objective: To examine the relative impact of the initial series of the messenger RNA (mRNA) BNT162b2 (Pfizer) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) on all-cause and non-COVID-19 mortality among Florida residents. Design: Matched cohort with cumulative and adjusted assessments of risk over 12 month follow up. Setting: Florida's state-level public health databases...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of the NLRP3-Caspase 1 signaling pathway in the colon during fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in colitis induced by acetic acid. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the impact of FMT on anxiety behaviors by analyzing the function of the NLRP3-Caspase 1 signaling pathway in the h...

Background Tonsillar hypertrophy is a common condition in children, and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) may contribute to its development. However, the mechanisms underlying HAdVs' persistence in tonsils remain unclear. This study investigates the role of HAdVs in tonsillar hypertrophy. Methods In a case–control study, oropharyngeal swabs and tonsillar...

Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common and lethal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. We aimed to explore the protective effect of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) on LN by regulating the NLRP3 signaling pathway in human glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). We collected clinical samples from patients with LN, detected Sirt1 protein and mRNA expression usi...

In advanced HER2-positive breast cancer, the standard taxane-trastuzumab-pertuzumab (THP) regimen faces competition from new therapies, emphasizing the need for biomarkers to guide treatment. This study evaluates the HER2DX ERBB2 mRNA score as a prognostic predictor, aiming to tailor treatment strategies. We retrospectively analyzed 94 patients tre...

This review highlights emerging strategies for lung-targeted mRNA delivery using non-viral vehicles, describing advances in bioinspired design and nanoparticle engineering.

Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered as one of the main causes of urological cancer-related mortalities globally. Early stage diagnosis can improve prognosis among RCC patients. However, a noticeable rate of RCC cases are diagnosed in advanced tumor stage due to the typical clinical symptoms that result in therapeutic failure and poo...

Background Additional new biomarkers that aid in detecting colorectal adenocarcinoma early are definitely needed. Here, we report that tumor-specific CDX2, CD74, HER2, CD104, and CD26 genes are differentially expressed in the tumor microenvironment (stages I-IV) in patients with colorectal cancer. Material and methods Tumor CDX2, CD74, HER2, CD26...

This study aims to investigate the expression pattern and clinical significance of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in various cancers, focusing on gastric cancer (GC). The study investigated the mRNA expression levels of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in tumor samples from different cancers using the BEST online database. The case–control studies about the relation between P...

Background: Increasing evidence shows that HCY plays an important role in stress-induced cognitive dysfunction, and HCY significantly promotes the decline of cognitive function. Stress has been reported to cause elevated HCY in the hippocampus of mice. Cognitive flexibility refers to the ability of individuals to quickly adjust their neurobehaviora...

Vaccination has been instrumental in curbing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and mitigating the severity of clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19. Numerous COVID-19 vaccines have been developed to this effect, including BioNTech-Pfizer and Moderna’s mRNA vaccines, as well as adenovirus vector-based vaccines such as Oxford–AstraZeneca. How...

Heat exposure at the physiological level of oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complexes (OCGCs) during in vitro growth (IVG) culture decreases the reduced glutathione (GSH) level of oocytes, an antioxidant, but its mechanism has been unclear. We subjected OCGCs to IVG for 4, 8, or 12 days and investigated the effects of heat exposure on the gene expres...

Subclinical malaria may reduce the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines. We evaluated neutralizing antibody responses in adults with (n=87) and without (n=221) PCR-confirmed Plasmodium falciparum who received a COVID-19 booster. Similar boosted ID50 geometric mean titers >22,000 in parasitemic and non-parasitemic participants suggests that COVID-19 mRNA...

The ribosome flow model (RFM) is a phenomenological model for the unidirectional flow of particles along a 1D chain of $n$ sites. The RFM has been extensively used to study the dynamics of ribosome flow along a single mRNA molecule during translation. In this case, the particles model ribosomes and each site corresponds to a consecutive group of co...

Ionizable lipids are essential components of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for efficient mRNA delivery. However, designing them for high protein expression, endosomal escape, and organ targeting is challenging due to complex structure-activity relationships. Here, we present a high-throughput platform for screening ionizable lipids using a two-step, s...

Short-read RNA-seq studies of grafted plants have led to the proposal that thousands of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) move over long distances between plant tissues1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6–7, potentially acting as signals8, 9, 10, 11–12. Transport of mRNAs between cells and tissues has been shown to play a role in several physiological and developmental processes...

mRNA nanomedicine represents a new generation of therapeutics. However, how to deliver mRNA to the desired organs and cells effectively remains challenging. Common mRNA delivery vectors include viral and nonviral types such as four‐component lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polymer‐based nanoparticles, lipid‐polymer hybrid nanoparticles, and so on. One‐...

Self-amplifying RNA is synthetic nucleic acid engineered to replicate within cells without generating viral particles. Derived from alphavirus genomes, saRNA retains the non-structural elements essential for replication while replacing the structural elements with an antigen of interest. By enabling efficient intracellular amplification, saRNA offe...

Polymerase dynamics (PD) is an important model for explaining transcriptional regulation in gene perturbation data. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of the dynamic behavior of stochastic gene transcription models with PD. We first derived an exact time-dependent formula of mRNA distribution for the classical telegraph model with PD,...

The field of epitranscriptomics is undergoing a technology-driven revolution. During past decades, RNA modifications like N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A), pseudouridine (ψ), and 5-methylcytosine (m⁵C) became acknowledged for playing critical roles in cellular processes. Direct RNA sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) enabled the detection of m...

Vaccinology Salient Features • Comprehensive coverage of vaccination: The book offers an extensive exploration of the role of vaccination in public health, from foundational principles to advanced vaccine technologies. • Focus on immune mechanisms: Detailed chapters delve into the immune response, including mucosal immunity, molecular activation me...

Calcium movement and concentration in the cell plays significant roles in normal physiology and in diseases such as cancer. The significance of this ion in oncogenesis suggests that membrane-relevant proteins are involved in its regulation and are deregulated in various cancers. These channels and transporters could be targets for therapeutic inter...

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression has long been studied, however only recently the impact of chemical mRNA modification on protein synthesis has emerged. Among post-transcriptional modifications, methylation of the N6-Adenosine site of mRNA (m6A) is very prevalent in eukaryotes and plays a critical role in the heart. To date, the mechan...

Recent studies have identified N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation as a key regulatory mechanism in tumor progression. This study aimed to elucidate the biological function and clinical relevance of the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Our findings demonstrated that METTL3 expression is upregulated in CTCL, and...

Protein biosynthesis must be highly regulated to ensure proper spatiotemporal gene expression and thus cellular viability. Translation is often modulated at the initiation stage by RNA binding proteins through either promotion or repression of ribosome recruitment to the mRNA. However, it largely remains unknown how the kinetics of mRNA ribonucleop...

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor and is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Immune escape suppresses anti-tumor immunity and facilitates tumor cells to proliferate. MiR- 203a- 3p regulates cancer progression and LINC00704 may bind with miR- 203a- 3p to inhibit its effects. Methods In this...

The delivery of therapeutics to cells is crucial for the treatment and prevention of diseases. To enhance targeting and protect therapeutics from degradation, they are often encapsulated in drug delivery vehicles like lipid nanoparticles, lipid vesicles, and viral vectors. However, there is no universal vehicle for all cargo types including small m...

Spike Protein Expression and the bio-distribution of lipid nanoparticle-based vaccines: Are they necessarily positively correlated? If spike protein expression gets detected in nearly half (44%) of the vaccinated patients [Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, vol. 136, June 2025, 111223], [localized to the intima of cerebral arteries, up to 17 months...

Cellular gene expression varies in different physiological and pathological conditions. Analysis of differential gene expression enables researchers to understand the cellular changes associated with physiological or pathological conditions. During gene expression analyses, researchers calculate the transcripts expressed from a gene under that gene...

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of STAT6, ERG, miR-647 in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods This was a retrospective study. There were 210 consecutive patients diagnosed with prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia in our hospital from July 2020 to July 2023. Among those patients, 108 patients pathologic...

Memory dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a threat to well‐being. Engaging in light‐intensity exercise has favorable effects on hippocampal function and molecular profiles, including Mct2 mRNA and miR‐200a‐3p. Here, we investigated the involvement of exosomal miR‐200a‐3p secretion from gastrocnemius muscles in T2DM mi...

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapy has revolutionized cancer research by enabling versatile delivery systems for therapeutic applications. The future of mRNA-based cancer therapies shows promise amidst challenges such as delivery efficiency, immunogenicity, and tumor heterogeneity. Recent progress has adapted various strategies such as design flexi...

The new Nuvaxovid protein-based and Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA-based vaccines targeting Omicron XBB.1.5 were available during the 2023–2024 autumn/winter vaccination campaign for frail individuals, including people with HIV (PWH). We assessed the immune response in 51 PWH on stable ART who received a booster with either the Nuvaxovid protein-based (n = 2...

There have been several case reports of COVID-19 “BNT162b2” (Pfizer-BioNTech) and “mRNA-1273” (Moderna) vaccination associated small and medium vessel vasculitis described in the literature however none have had ¹⁸F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography scans (PET/CT) performed for diagnosis. We report the case of a 57-year-old Caucasian male patient fr...