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Gold Deposits - Science topic
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Jiaodong Peninsula is home to the largest gold district in China, encompassing significant deposits within the Qixia-Penglai Gold Belt, renowned for the presence of visible gold. Nonetheless, the timing of deposit formation and the intricate processes of gold transport and precipitation mechanisms remain subjects of ongoing debate. To deepen the co...
Geochemical data serve as crucial references for prospecting, and the effective extraction of prospecting information from such data determines the success rate of exploration. In the era of big data, novel prospecting methods based on geochemical data offer new ideas for exploring various ore deposits. By employing advanced data analysis technique...
The Jiaojia gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula, located in the northwestern part of the Jiaodong gold province in eastern China, has a gold reserve of over 300 t. Gold mineralization in Jiaojia deposit occurred in three stages: (1) The Pyrite–Quartz–Sericite Stage (Stage I) developed primary minerals that included quartz, sericite, and a small...
The Bissa orogenic gold deposit is located at the contact between basic (basalt) and felsic (dacite) volcanic formations through intermediates (andesite) and graphite-intercalated sandstone-pelitic sedimentary formations. This green schist facies metamorphosed ensemble is hosted by the 15-km-long Sabcé shear zone within the Goren greenstone belt. F...
The article provides a brief geological description of the Southern Ashaly mineral deposit within which ores of the gold-sulfide and gold-low-sulfide-quartz types were recognized. Two ore mineralization phases were established, that incorporate four stages, the pyrite, pyrite-arsenopyrite, sulfide, and polymetallic ones. The morphological and miner...
Determining the water content in the lithospheric mantle is crucial for understanding its dynamic evolution. Because the electrical conductivity of mantle minerals is particularly sensitive to water, the magnetotelluric (MT) method becomes a vital tool to determine the water content in the lithospheric mantle. Here we used broadband and long‐period...
An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701524060011
A thermodynamic description of gold-bearing pyrite as a substitution solid solution is proposed depending on external conditions and gold content in the fluid. The model is based on experimental data of the synthetic pyrite grown in hydrothermal chloride solutions in the presence of metallic gold. The proposed model makes it possible to estimate th...
Molybdenite Re–Os and zircon U–Pb isotopic data are first obtained from the stockwork and disseminated-style gold-bearing ores and the fine-grained granite hosting these ores in the Xiawolong gold mine, respectively, which is located within the Muping–Rushan gold metallogenic belt, eastern Jiaodong Peninsula, so as to illustrate the genesis of gold...
The Lafigué gold deposit (Western African Craton, Ivory Coast) is located in the northern part of the Toumodi-Fétékro greenstone belt, and its formation is related to the development of a NNE-SSW-striking sinistral shear zone during the regional D2 deformation phase. Transpression is evidenced by a contractional jog expressed by E-W-trending, S-dip...
The northeastern Hunan district in the Jiangnan Orogen (South China) holds significant gold resources, whose genesis remains perplexing, especially in terms of the gold source and mineralization process. Yanzhupo (2.50 t @ 2.52 g/t) is a newly discovered gold deposit in the northeastern Hunan district and is characterized by multiple generations of...
At the beginning of our era, Rome conquered the territory of NW Iberia and mined hundreds of gold deposits, in what was the first great "gold rush" of mankind. This required the supply of large quantities of water, essential for the recovery of the gold. The supply was achieved through the daring layout of extensive canal networks, especially relev...
The Yixingzhai gold deposit is the largest gold deposit in Shanxi Province and develops three types of mineralization: porphyry, quartz vein, and breccia. Spectral characteristic parameters of muscovite are studied by short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral, and the exploration significance is discussed. The Al-OH wavelength of muscovite associated wit...
This paper provides comprehensive analyses of mineral microtextures, nanoparticulate electrum, defective crystal structures of key primary hydrothermal minerals - quartz and pyrite, the bulk sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite and marcasite, and fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz and calcite, all aimed at characterizing ore mineralization. T...
Hybrid nanoparticles, composed of magnetic oxides and gold, have garnered significant interest due to their potential applications in various fields, including catalysis, diagnostics, and nanomedicine. In this study, the effect of reaction parameters on the reduction of HAuCl4 by different non-sulfur amino acids (glycine, L-serine, L-tryptophan, an...
The paper examines mineralogy of noble metals and ore formation conditions at the Naily gold deposit (South Urals), which is hosted in pyrite-bearing talc-carbonate, chlorite-quartz-carbonate and quartz-carbonate metasomatites after serpentinites and rocks of a gabbrodiorite-plagiogranite complex. Based on microscopic and electron microscopic studi...
Pogo is identified as a deep-seated, intrusion-related gold deposit. Carbonate minerals have a close spatial relationship to hydrothermal gold mineralization in all of its principal ore zones. The carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios of carbonate minerals (siderite, ankerite, and calcite) present within the deposit illustrate the isotopic evolution of...
The present study proposes a suitable support system for the underground tunnels of the gold deposits of Mazraeh-Shadi in the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran using numerical modeling. The stability of the tunnels was evaluated using the data obtained from the numerical modeling, the ground reaction curve (GRC), the longitudinal deformation profile...
The newly discovered Erdaodianzi gold deposit in southern Jilin Province, Northeast China, is located in the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). It is a large-scale gold deposit with reserves of 38.4 tons of gold. Gold mineralization in the ore district primarily occurs in gold-bearing quartz–sulfide veins. The g...
The Faina gold deposit, located in the Pitangui Greenstone Belt, NW of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil, has produced gold from the oxidized portion of the deposit between June 2010 and June 2013. However, the deeper hypogene (sulfide-rich) section of the deposit has shown lower-than-expected recovery rates after direct leaching, leading to the i...
In a gold deposit near Nassara, southern Burkina Faso, gold occurs closely associated with pyrite within a network of veins hosted by metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. Using SEM and LA-ICP-MS analyses, we identified three generations of pyrite with distinct roles in gold mineralization. Pyrite 1 (Py1) formed early during mineralization, repla...
The inability of geophysical methods to directly detect gold ore bodies remains a hot topic in the realm of gold geophysical exploration. Through the analysis of high-precision magnetic method, resistivity and induced polarization methods with the gradient arrays, electrical resistivity tomography, and well logging, combined with the discovery of g...
The determination of gold deposit type holds a great economic significance since each gold deposit type displays its own grade and tonnage and consequently requires different exploration and exploitation strategies. The considerable diversity of gold deposits, combined with the distinctive features inherent to each type and the notable overlap amon...
The subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate during the Jurassic period set in motion a complex interplay of geological processes, collectively recognized as the Yanshan Movement. While previous studies have focused primarily on magmatism and deformation, the role of metamorphic events and their influence on gold miner-alization has been largely overl...
This paper comprehensively analyses the geology and geochemistry of the relatively under-studied gold resources in Mali. It also examines the potential of stable isotopes in enhancing gold prospecting within the Birimian terrane. The key characteristics of gold deposits in Mali include sulfides in shear zones, ankerite veins, tourmalinized sandston...
As a large gold-bearing province, the Yenisei Ridge does not show elevated background gold concentrations. All types of its sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks, except only the carbonaceous black shales, contain concentrations of the noble metal at the level of its Clarke values. All local gold deposits are constrained within the regional C...
The Jiaodong Peninsula is renowned for its significant gold reserves, which exceed 4500 tons. In this study, we conducted zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) analysis, and He-Ar isotope analysis on samples from the Shuigou gold deposit located in the Qixia-Penglai-Fushan metallogenic area of centr...
To enhance the efficiency of mine planning, mining companies wish to understand the structure and extent of ore-bearing rocks as well as possible. Conventional seismic reflection surveys are not well suited for this purpose as they provide an image containing only the location of reflectors, and do not provide physical property information to discr...
The Xiong’ershan district is situated on the southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) and located within the Qinling–Dabieshan Orogen’s orogenic zone. It is adjacent to the XiaoQinling mining district and exhibits very favorable geological conditions for mineralization, as the district contains numerous gold deposits, positioning it as one o...
The Lintan gold deposit, located in the “gold triangle” of Qianxinan, Guizhou Province, has become a focal point for implementing the “exploring near existing deposits” strategy, aiming to identify another large-scale gold deposit within the region. This study addresses the challenges of deep-edge mineral exploration in the Lintan gold deposit by a...
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a very popular technology to analyze the surface morphology of various materials in both academia and industry. Its principle is the detection of secondary electron emission and electron scattering interactions between the electron beam and the sample surface. It requires the deposition of a thin metal film lik...
Ghana is located in the Leo-Man Shield of the West African Craton (WAC) and enriched in several precious mineral deposits, especially gold, hence was once called “Gold Coast” prior to independence in 1957. Today, Ghana is the largest gold producer in Africa and sixth largest globally. Gold production in the country constitutes about one third of th...
Exploration in Ontario contends with challenges posed by the presence of unconsolidated sediments that cover approximately 65% of Ontario’s surface (Barnett, Cowan and Henry 1991; Barnett, Henry and Babuin 1991a, 1991b; Pala, Barnett and Babuin 1991). The geochemical anatomy overtop of large mineral deposits is largely unknown, because of the lack...
The Tabakoto gold deposit is part of the highly endowed west-Malian gold belt, which hosts several world-class deposits. Located in the Paleoproterozoic Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier (KKI) of the West African Craton (WAC), the deposit is contained in Birimian metasedimentary rocks of the Kofi series that are intruded by magmatic dikes. The Tabakoto depos...
A thermodynamic description of gold-bearing pyrite as a substitution solid solution is proposed depending on external conditions and gold content in the fluid. The model is based on experimental data of the synthetic pyrite grown in hydrothermal chloride solutions in the presence of metallic gold. The proposed model makes it possible to estimate th...
This study investigated the potential of low-grade gold deposits in modern mining, particularly in the context of declining high-grade resources. The primary method for processing these ores was gravity separation with the Knelson concentrator. A GRG test (gravity recoverable gold test) was conducted on two gold-bearing samples: a polymetallic Cu-Z...
The genetic link between Weideshan-type rocks and gold mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula remains unclear. In this study, we examined the geochemical characteristics, water content, and oxidation states of Weideshan-type rocks and associated felsic dykes to assess the potential of a Weideshan-type batholith in directly contributing the fluids...
This study provides additional data on selected minor and trace elements in pyrite and marcasite from 19 chosen ore samples obtained from drill hole cores within the Sarnak gold deposit (also referred to as the Surnak deposit) presented by SEM-EDX elemental mapping for As, S, Fe, Ag, and Au in zonal pyrite, alongside binary plots. The dataset compr...
The ores of the Ozernovsky Au-Te-Se epithermal volcanogenic deposit are located in linear zones of secondary quartzites in volcanic rocks of Neogene age and are represented by linear stockworks and tubes of quartz hydrothermal breccias interspersed with ore minerals — sulfides, tellurides and selenides. A new type of gold-bearing mineralization has...
Geological characteristics, genetic model, and exploration implications in the Daduhe gold belt are studied. Three categories of gold deposits have been distinguished: “gold deposits in the basement (GDB),” “gold deposits in the cover layer (GDC),” and “gold deposits at the interface (GDI).” Among them, quartz vein type and quartz vein altered rock...
The age restrictions for productive mineral associations of the two largest gold deposits of the Southern Urals — Svetlinsk and Kochkar’, which are located in the East-Uralian megazone, are discussed. The 40Ar/39Ar dating method was performed for the first time for potassium-containing hydrothermal minerals (micas and amphiboles) from the ore veins...
Rewashing" as it is commonly called involves the process of scooping out and washing chunks of mud from a closed alluvial gold mine site with the purpose of extracting any leftover gold deposits in the site. It is usually carried out by illegal miners who infiltrate closed mine sites with the goal of scavenging for any leftover gold deposit. This p...
The Western Srednogorie is one of the less explored segments of the Upper Cretaceous Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie magmatic and metallogenic belt (ABTS). One viable epithermal gold deposit (Milin Kamak) is explored, and several porphyry and epithermal systems are known and were researched in the past. The Krusha ore occurrence is one of the lesse...
The metaturbidite‐hosted, ∼380 Ma Dufferin gold deposit, Meguma terrane, northeastern Appalachian Orogen (Nova Scotia, Canada) is an orogenic gold deposit with mineralized saddle reef‐type quartz veins hosted by metasandstones and black slates in a tightly folded anticline. Together with native gold inclusions, genetically related hydrothermal carb...
Whole-rock trace-element analyses contain previously unutilized evidence of mantle source fertility, degree of partial melting, and silicate melt hydration state that are applicable to arc magmatism globally. Spidergram arrays of gold-fertile mafic melts have steeper slopes than gold-infertile ones, characterized by higher Ba/Zr, Nb/Y, and U/Yb. Sp...
In this work, new data were obtained on clerite MnSb2S4 and luboržákite Mn2AsSbS5 from carbonate breccias of the Vorontsovskoe gold deposit (Northern Urals), and a potentially new mineral (phase 1) was identified in the Cu-Mn-Pb-As-Sb-S system. The minerals are found in the gold-pyrite-realgar ore association in close association with realgar, chab...
The uses of variogam and kriging as a tool in geostatistical analysis have gained greater prominence recently in the diverse scientific field, especially for mineral exploration purpose. Ilesha, the study area, has been identified as the one the region with abundance gold deposits in Nigeria. Different methods have been used in the past for the ana...
We describe detrital gold grains obtained from sediments from the Skora River bed in the North Sudetic Trough, focussing on identification of microinclusions of ore minerals, combined with analyses of grain morphology and their chemical composition, to constrain the origin of the detrital gold. A population of gold grains of natural origin was iden...
The Juruena Mineral Province is an emerging world-class mineral province in the southern Amazonian Craton, due to numerous Au-Cu and base metal deposits, such as the Raimunda deposit, related to Novo Mundo 2.03–1.98 Ga I-type calc-alkaline granites. Its hydrothermal alteration zones comprise Na-metasomatism, microclinization, propylitic and sericit...
This article hereby represents the study results of production parameters for a waste motor oil at remote northern areas where electricity is generated by diesel power plants without centralized energy distribution. Production of this secondary resource has been compared with the «northern delivery» volumes of energy resources to the northern and a...
The Kraaipan and Amalia greenstone belts in South Africa occur in the western part of the Kaapvaal Craton. The two belts stretch discontinuously in an approximately north–south orientation over a distance of about 250 km from southern Botswana in the north to the Vaal River near Christiana in the south and are separated by a distance of about 90 km...
The study was aimed at dating of Au ores from the Yubileinoe, Irokinda and Uryakh deposits located in the Baikal-Muya fold belt and Pb-Zn ores from the Ozernoe deposit in the Barguzin-Vitim super-terrain (Transbaikalia, Russia). The 40Ar/39Ar ages on pyrite-encapsulated sericite of gold-bearing quartz sampled from veins in the Yubileinoe, Irokinda...
Mineral forecasting is of great significance for social development. As an important aspect of geological exploration, its importance lies not only in its direct contribution to economic growth but also in how it employs precise technical methods for mineral exploration. This study utilizes a geological factor analysis method that combines various...
Flotation is the most common method for effective separation of pyrite and carbonate minerals from Carlin-type gold deposits. The effect of conventional xanthate collector on flotation of a Carlin-type gold mine in Guizhou province is poor, and it can not effectively remove carbonate minerals. In this paper, butyl xanthoxanthate and benzohydroxamic...
The Early Cretaceous gold deposits in the North China Craton are known as Jiaodong-type gold deposits. Here, we summarize a quantity of reported (including this study) pyrite trace element, δ³⁴S, and Pb isotope data from the Jiaodong, Xiaoqinling, and Central Taihangshan gold fields to comprehensively reveal the characteristics of the ore-forming f...
This chapter provides details about the analytical procedures and examples from published papers of the contributions of this technique to the understanding of, (1) the signification of ethane; (2) the hydrothermal reactions; (3) the water-poor and CO2-rich fluids; and (4) the source of gold. Gold deposits used as examples range in age from the Arc...
Ensemble learning (EL) is a machine learning paradigm where multiple learning algorithms (base learners) are trained to solve the same problem. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of widely used EL algorithms, including bagging, boosting, and stacking, highlighting their significant advantages in terms of accuracy and generalization of m...
Global transition toward a carbon-neutral economy and broader use of renewable energy increases demand for raw materials and metals in particular, including gold. Despite gold cyanidation being the de facto industrial standard, concerns about its adverse effects on the environment and human health stimulated the search for alternatives. The electro...
“Structural control” is a crucial point in revealing the genesis mechanism and distribution patterns of vein-type gold deposits. Being the second largest gold producer in China, the Xiaoqinling region has experienced complex and polyphase structural deformations. However, the persistent absence of research on the regional structural deformation seq...
Unlike the gold deposits typically hosted in metamorphosed volcanic-sedimentary sequences, the recently discovered Axile gold deposit (over 13 t Au at 5.35 g/t) is a unique example in the Chinese Altai for evaluating the genesis of intrusion-hosted lode gold deposits in metamorphic terranes. The orebodies in this deposit occur as quartz veins and a...
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of genesis and mineralogical potential of Chemerpol iron-magnetite structure, its difference from other similar objects of Central Bug area. As an independent geological-geophysical object it was established according to the data of gravimetric and magnetometric survey of medium scale as a complex localis...
Relevance. The need to clarify the sources and conditions of formation of gold mineralisation of the Amarzakan gold deposit. The characteristic feature of the deposit is the spatial combination of gold mineralisation and small intrusions of the middle and basic composition of the Amudzhikan complex. Aim. Determination of physico-chemical conditions...
The advancement of geological big data has rendered data-driven methodologies increasingly vital in Mineral Prospectivity Mapping. The effective integration of quantitative and qualitative data, including experiential and knowledge-based insights, is crucial in geological data fusion. Specifically, the conversion of raw data into samples and the se...
The economic importance of gold deposits in the modern world is very great. While in the last century the Witwatersrand basin, with its gold-bearing conglomerates, which provided more than a third of all recorded Au production of humanity, stood out sharply as the largest supplier of gold (Cairncross, 2021), a greater contribution now comes from nu...
The Vorontsovskoe gold deposit is located in Sverdlovsk region in Northern Urals (Russia), about 310 km north of the Ekaterinburg city. The Vorontsovskoe deposit was discovered in 1985 and actively mined for gold during 1999-2020. Total of the gold content of the deposit was initially estimated ca. 101 t (with 7 g/t Au on average). Two main primary...
The article discusses new data obtained from mineralogical-petrographic, petrogeochemical, and isotopic-geochronological studies of the magmatic rocks of the Jerooy ore field, located in the western part of the Northern Tien Shan. The large Jerooy gold deposit of vein quartz-gold type is associated with the dio-rites of the Jerooy complex. Geochron...
Despite hosting moderate gold-grade deposits, the geophysical anomalies of the subsurface geological structures associated with potential gold deposits in the Mpambaa area in Tanzania are poorly understood. The high-resolution aero-geophysical data [magnetic, radiometric, gravity and versatile time-domain electromagnetic (VTEM)], complemented by pe...
As a result of studying new ore samples from the Ukonik deposit, new data on the composition of pyrite was obtained, the composition of electrum was studied for the first time and plattnerite, hessite, jalpaite, silver-bearing covellite and greigite were identified, and the sequence of their formation was determined. It was determined that a signif...