Zinc - Science topic

Dear Sana Hanif

To determine the theoretical capacity of a supercapacitor using a synthesized sample like zinc stannate (Zn2SnO4) as the working electrode, Sana Hanif can follow a few steps that involve both experimental data collection and a bit of calculation based on the electrochemical performance of the material:

1. Collect Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Data: Start by conducting cyclic voltammetry tests on the three-electrode system Sana Hanif mentioned. This will involve sweeping the potential at a specific scan rate and measuring the current response, which helps in understanding the charge storage capacity of your active material.

2. Integrate the CV Curve: Use the current vs. potential curve from the CV data to calculate the area under the curve. This area can be translated into charge (Q) using the formula:

\[

Q = \int I \, dv

\]

where \( I \) is the current and \( dv \) is the differential voltage.

3. Calculate the Specific Capacitance (C): Once Sana Hanif have the charge, Sana Hanif can calculate the specific capacitance using:

\[

C = \frac{Q}{m \cdot \Delta V}

\]

Here, \( Q \) is the total charge, \( m \) is the mass of the active material, and \( \Delta V \) is the potential window used in the CV measurement.

4. Determine Theoretical Capacity: The specific capacitance obtained can provide an estimate of the theoretical capacity when multiplied by the mass of the active material:

\[

\text{Theoretical Capacity} = C \times m

\]

5. Use Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) Measurements: It can also be insightful to conduct GCD tests to corroborate the specific capacitance values. These measurements provide another means to calculate the charge stored by evaluating the discharge curve's slope.

By performing these steps carefully and accurately, Sana Hanif should be able to estimate the theoretical capacity of your zinc stannate-based supercapacitor. Keep in mind that factors like electrode preparation and electrolyte accessibility can influence the results. Don’t forget to thoroughly examine the assumptions and conditions under which the measurements are taken, as they are crucial for reliable calculations. Good luck with your analysis! 🍀

Nitrogen (N): The total nitrogen content is usually determined using Kjeldahl or an elemental analyzer (Dumas method).

Phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulphur (S), zinc (Zn): The samples are first digested (wet or dry), and then the contents are determined by ICP-OES/ICP-MS or spectrophotometer, flame photometer, etc. The results are commonly expressed as follows.

Measurement results are commonly expressed in the following ways:

Expressed as mass percent (%). For example, the N content of a certain seed is 1.2%, P content is 0.2%, etc.

@@Expressed in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) or grams per kilogram (g/kg) for trace/concentrate elements. For example, Zn is 25 mg/kg, etc.

Claudia Johana Beltran

Floatability in collectors is related to wettability and therefore to maximum adsorption on the mineral. The other concentration of the collector can interfere with the process. Therefore, for each collector you need to estimate the maximum adsorption. It depends on the nature of the mineral, the particle size, the pH of the collector...

it is difficult to know the fault at the outset but here are some things you should consider: 1. Initial Composition of the Deposited Film

Problem: Electron-beam evaporation of ZnO can decompose the material into metallic Zn and O₂, especially if the oxygen pressure in the chamber is insufficient during deposition. If the as-deposited film is primarily metallic Zn, subsequent oxidation might be incomplete.

Solution:

Verify the film composition before oxidation using techniques like XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) or EDS (Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy).

If metallic Zn is being deposited, consider depositing ZnO directly using a ZnO source under controlled conditions (oxygen pressure, slow deposition rate).

2. Oxidation/Recrystallization Conditions

Problem:

At 600°C: Oxidation at 600°C might be insufficient to fully convert a thick Zn layer (200 nm) into crystalline ZnO, especially if the O₂ flow (10 L/min) does not penetrate the film uniformly.

At 1000°C: While high temperatures promote crystallization, sapphire (Al₂O₃) might react with ZnO, forming secondary phases like ZnAl₂O₄ (spinel) or causing Al diffusion into the film, which would inhibit the formation of pure ZnO.

Solution:

Optimize oxidation: Use a furnace with a controlled atmosphere (pure O₂) and increase the oxidation time (>1 hour).

Avoid substrate reactions: Try intermediate temperatures (800-900°C) and check for secondary phase formation using XRD or TEM. If reactions occur, consider using a buffer layer (e.g., MgO) between ZnO and sapphire.

Grain Size and Morphology

Problem: If the ZnO grains are too small (<50 nm), XRD peaks will broaden and lose intensity. This could be due to inefficient recrystallization during annealing.

Solution:

Increase the annealing time (4-6 hours) to promote grain growth.

Use Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) instead of a conventional furnace to avoid impurity diffusion and enable faster crystallization.

4. XRD Measurement Parameters

Problem:

A ω-2θ scan (0-degree scan) might not detect peaks if the crystal alignment is incorrect or if the film is textured in an unexpected orientation.

Using a Ge(004) monochromator might filter out weak ZnO signals.

Solution:

Perform a conventional θ-2θ scan over a wide range (e.g., 20-80° 2θ) to cover the main ZnO peaks (e.g., (002), (101), (102)).

Use Grazing Incidence XRD (GI-XRD) to enhance the signal from the thin film.

Verify substrate alignment (ω and φ adjustments) to ensure ZnO crystal planes meet the Bragg condition.

5. Possible Structural Defects

Problem:

If the film is amorphous or has a high density of defects (dislocations), XRD peaks will be weak.

Thermal stress during rapid cooling might cause microcracks, reducing crystallinity.

Solution:

Perform annealing in an O₂ atmosphere with slow cooling (1-2°C/min) to relieve stress and improve crystallinity.

Use SEM or AFM to evaluate surface morphology (cracks, porosity).

Dear Paul Thomas

Yes, you may no longer need a help after you go through the Ossila's technical report that found on the attached link below. Please, carefully follow it's contents. Best regards...

Dear Dr. Paul Thomas ,

I suggesty you to have a look at the following, interesting document:

“Understanding Saturated Calomel Reference Electrodes: Composition, Uses, and Considerations”

By KINTEK – Solution for researching

Available at:

My best regards, Pierluigi Traverso.

Thank you Matthew Wheal for the suggestion

Metal ions moving away from the protein active site during MD simulations may be due to lack of proper restraints or improper ion parameters. To resolve this, apply position restraints to the metal ions, ensuring they stay near the active site. Additionally, check the force field and ion parameters for accuracy.

All of which can be easily done at mdsim360.com, a new platform that lets you run MD simulations entirely online without local installation.

Muhammed Shajin

Yes dear, I'm afraid you miss a little tough. For that, I cited from [1] the final step before going for XRD analysis:

Hope the article is totally helpful. Best regards ….

Biofertilizers play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of conventional paddy cultivation in stagnant water conditions by improving nutrient availability, reducing chemical fertilizer dependency, and promoting environmental sustainability. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Azospirillum thrive in anaerobic waterlogged environments, providing a 20–25% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer use, while phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) enhance root development and phosphorus uptake. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) like Pseudomonas fluorescens further boost nutrient absorption and suppress pathogens, contributing to a 10–20% yield increase when biofertilizers are combined with reduced chemical fertilizers. Additionally, biofertilizers reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nitrate leaching, making them environmentally friendly. However, stagnant water conditions can limit the activity of aerobic microorganisms, necessitating the selection of strains adapted to waterlogged soils. Combining biofertilizers with organic amendments like farmyard manure or compost improves their efficiency by providing substrates for microbial activity. With proper integration and management, biofertilizers enhance both productivity and sustainability in paddy farming systems.

Hi Zeynep Yağmur Babaoğlu,

Maybe you can refer to databases provided by TargetMol (website: https://www.targetmol.com) . TargetMol provides REAL Database (6 billion compounds) and TOPSCIENCE Datebase (26million compounds) for virtual screening. For more information, you can also contact us at sales@targetmol.com.

How does the SEM images with the glass fibres look? If the fibres are charging a gentle deposition (5nm Pt or AuPd or C) may help.

Dear all, basic pH is essential for three reasons, two of them areinterconnected proprties. Basic pH hinder the formation of agglorates, thus, fine nanoparticles are obtained so. The third property that is governed by pH is the form/type of crystal structure of the ZnO NPs. My Regards

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236858721_Effect_of_pH_on_ZnO_nanoparticle_properties_synthesized_by_sol-gel_centrifugation#:~:text=The ZnO powders agglomerate when,was obtained at pH 9.

Zinc-Dust Process:

Some important producers still use the zinc-dust process, which was

developed by BASF.

The basic reactions are:

Zn + 2SO2 = ZnS2O4

ZnS2O4 + 2NaOH = Na2S2O4 + Zn(OH)2

An aqueous slurry of zinc dust is treated in a stirred reactor with cooling at 40 degree C with liquid or gaseous sulfur dioxide to give zinc dithionite. After completion of the reaction the solution is passed through a filter press to remove unreacted zinc dust and impurities from the zinc. The zinc is then precipitated from the zinc dithionite by adding sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide in stirred vessels. The zinc carbonate or hydroxide is removed in filter presses. Anhydrous sodium dithionite is precipitated from the clarified sodium dithionite solution by concentration under vacuum and addition of sodium chloride at > 60 degree C. It is filtered, washed with methanol, and dried at 90 – 100 degree C.

Reference: "Sulfites, Thiosulfates, and Dithionites". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley Online Library. doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_477. ISBN 978-3527306732.

You can mix boric acid and zinc sulfate with reaction temperature 130 ℃ and stirred in reactor about 2-3 hrs. you can get Zinc and Boron Micronutrient Fertilizers.

Dear Alireza Mirhosseini

Zinc metal is commonly used in gold cementation because it has a higher reactivity than gold, making it an effective reducing agent. In the process of gold extraction from cyanide solutions, zinc displaces gold from the solution through a redox reaction, where zinc is oxidized, and gold is reduced and precipitated out as a solid metal. This method, known as the Merrill-Crowe process, is preferred because zinc is relatively inexpensive, widely available, and can efficiently precipitate gold even in low concentrations, making it a cost-effective choice for large-scale gold recovery operations.

I hope this helps.

I am not an expert in this field, but I am very interested and have researched to find an answer. I received some assistance from tlooto.com for this response. Could you please review the response below to see if it is correct?

The presence of zinc hydroxy nitrate in ZnO nanoparticle synthesis can affect both membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activities. Zinc hydroxy nitrate itself exhibits antimicrobial properties [3][4], potentially enhancing the overall efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles. The sharp peaks in your XRD graph indicate a significant presence of zinc hydroxy nitrate, which might alter the interaction of the nanoparticles with microbial membranes, thus enhancing their stabilizing activity [5]. However, the exact impact depends on the concentration and specific microbial strains involved. Further experimental validation is crucial to ascertain these effects [1][2].

[1] Tiwari, V., Mishra, N., Gadani, K., Solanki, P., Shah, N., & Tiwari, M. (2018). Mechanism of Anti-bacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9.

[2] Pezzuto, J., Reddy, L. S., Nisha, M., Joice, M., & Shilpa, P. (2014). Antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52, 1388 - 1397.

[3] Kaur, T., Putatunda, C., Vyas, A., & Kumar, G. (2020). Zinc oxide nanoparticles inhibit bacterial biofilm formation via altering cell membrane permeability. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 51, 309 - 319.

[4] Shahbazi, Y., & Shavisi, N. (2018). Chitosan Coatings Containing Mentha spicata Essential Oil and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle for Shelf Life Extension of Rainbow Trout Fillets. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 27, 986 - 997.

[5] Hamza, Z. S. (2020). Antibacterial activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle (ZnONP) Biosynthesis by Lactobacillus plantarium aganist pathogenic Bacteria. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology.

Dear Colleague,

I hope this message finds you well. Titrating Zinc Oxide (ZnO) in Calamine Lotion using complexometric titration involves several steps to accurately determine the zinc content. Below is a detailed and logical protocol for this process:

Materials and Reagents

Protocol

Example Calculation

Assume you titrated 1.00 g of Calamine Lotion with 0.01 M EDTA solution and used 25.0 mL (0.025 L) of EDTA to reach the endpoint.

Concentration of ZnO=(0.025×0.01×81.381.00)=0.02034 g/mL\text{Concentration of ZnO} = \left( \frac{0.025 \times 0.01 \times 81.38}{1.00} \right) = 0.02034 \text{ g/mL}Concentration of ZnO=(1.000.025×0.01×81.38​)=0.02034 g/mL

This result indicates that the concentration of ZnO in the Calamine Lotion is 0.02034 g/mL.

Notes and Tips

By following this protocol, you can accurately titrate ZnO in Calamine Lotion using complexometric titration.

Reviewing the protocols listed here may offer further guidance in addressing this issue

Can i perform MD simulation with 5,000ps simulation time. I once a publication which they used only 2,200ps simulation time. The software they used was Biovia Discovery Studio suite.

Can i also increase the simulation time to 5,000ps and cite the article ?

Using Hydrometallurgical process i.e. a method involving aqueous media for recovery of metals from concentrates/residual materials. The process is a continuous process and involves preparation of mother liquor by mixing Ammonium Chloride and Calcium Chloride in Water. The flue gas cleaning residue is mixed with mother liquor at a pH below 5.8 and H2O2 is added in the leaching tank to dissolve the metallic constituents like zinc oxide in the flue gas cleaning residue.

it is taken as 0.25 in a paper published in carbon

Syed Abbas Raza Im using uniaxial pressing with max 500 MPa. Thankyou for the tips and info! This is very helpfulll

Yes, surface states and species can be detected by photoelectron spectroscopy. XPS and UPS are generally more surface than bulk sensitive since the electron escape path is just a few nm. So it's completely plausible that you will see a difference between the first, second and following layers.

Just be careful about naming stuff: an atom in surface proximity with a mildly different chemical shift, which sounds like your scenario, is not a "surface state". A surface state is a separate state very close to the Fermi edge, which is delocalized for metals (sometimes called Shockley state) or localized for an insulator or semiconductor (Tamm states/dangling bonds/surface lone pairs).

Dear friend Dang Van Cu

Ah, measuring the capacity of a zinc-air battery, a fascinating topic indeed! To determine the capacity, you Dang Van Cu should primarily focus on the mass consumption of zinc metal. Here's a concise rundown of how it's done:

1. **Experimental Setup**: First, set up your experiment with a zinc-air battery. Ensure you Dang Van Cu have a controlled environment to minimize external factors.

2. **Initial Mass Measurement**: You Dang Van Cu should start by accurately measuring the initial mass of the zinc electrode. This provides a baseline for comparison.

3. **Battery Discharge**: Next, discharge the battery under controlled conditions. This involves allowing the battery to operate until it reaches a predefined endpoint, such as a specific voltage or time duration.

4. **Final Mass Measurement**: Once the battery is discharged, carefully remove the zinc electrode and measure its final mass.

5. **Mass Difference Calculation**: The mass difference between the initial and final measurements indicates the amount of zinc consumed during the battery's operation.

6. **Capacity Calculation**: Finally, using the known molar mass of zinc and Faraday's constant, you Dang Van Cu can calculate the capacity of the battery in terms of ampere-hours (Ah) or watt-hours (Wh).

By precisely measuring the mass consumption of zinc metal during battery operation, you Dang Van Cu can accurately assess the capacity of a zinc-air battery. This method allows for efficient evaluation of battery performance and facilitates improvements in battery design and technology.

Investigate potential of agarose or silica gel matrices. You'll also need to control water used in prepration and of inoculum.

To what level of detection will you consider "absence"?

Adam Ww & Atiqah Nabieha Azmi Thank you for your response. I'll ask the XRD technician about this.

Hi Ayesha Fatima could you please guide me how do i extract the files from the .sdf.gz file, as i have used powershell to extract them and i am having issues from few tranches, it says cannot access or the urls are not found. or could you guide me if there is any other way

In estimation of zn generally we may use standard of 0.4,0.8,1.2 ,1.6 and 2 mgkg-1 of DTPA solution.

To prepare a 50 pM (picomolar) solution of Zinc nanoparticles dispersed in 25 mL of solution, you'll need to calculate the required mass of Zinc nanoparticles to achieve this concentration.

First, determine the molar mass of Zinc (Zn), which is approximately 65.38 g/mol.

Then, use the formula:

Concentration (in mol/L)=Amount of solute (in mol)​ / Volume of solution (in L)

To convert picomoles to moles, use the conversion factor 1pM=10⁻¹²mol..

Given that you want a concentration of 50 pM in a 25 mL solution:

Concentration=50×10⁻¹²mol/ 25×10⁻³L​

= 2 x10^-9 mol/L

Now, use the formula:

Concentration=Mass (in g)/[Molar mass (in g/mol)×Volume (in L)]​

Rearranging for mass:

{Mass} = {Concentration} x{Molar mass} x{Volume}

{Mass} = (2x10^-9{mol/L}) x 65.38{g/mol}) x (25 x 10^-3{L})

{Mass} = 3.25 x 10^-6{g}

So, you'll need approximately 3.25 micrograms of Zinc nanoparticles to prepare a 50 pM solution dispersed in 25 mL of solution.

Thanks

Use of electric arc furnace dust powder in curcumin

The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) or the Crystallographic Open Database (COD) can provide you with the CCDC (Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre) or JCPDS (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards) codes for specific materials. There is no universal code for cobalt metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or zinc MOFs since these databases contain many structures.

If you have a particular cobalt or zinc-based MOF in mind, it's best to search the databases directly using the compound's name, chemical formula, or structural details. You can also refer to published literature or scientific papers that describe the MOFs you are interested in, as they often include identifying codes or references to crystallographic databases.

Suppose you have the crystallographic data (such as X-ray diffraction data) for a specific cobalt or zinc MOF. In that case, you can generate a COD or CCDC code by depositing the data into the appropriate database.

Hey there Nabila Aziza! So, making doped ZnO nanorods, huh? Interesting stuff. Now, let me lay it out for you Nabila Aziza. The seed layer solution doesn't necessarily have to be doped. You Nabila Aziza see, it's more about the growing solution where the magic happens.

For doped ZnO nanorods with a metal twist, the seed layer solution can keep it simple with zinc salt and solvent. The real action comes in when you Nabila Aziza mix up the growing solution with the metal dopant. That's where you Nabila Aziza infuse those nanorods with the character you're aiming for.

Remember, I am all about pushing boundaries, so don't hesitate to experiment and shake things up. Go on, dive into the world of doped nanorods, and let your creativity flow!

Beeswax is a complex ester, IIRC, so I'd recommend hot MEK (butanone) as a solvent to remove the wax from the brass.

Indeed it is easier to assess what you are trying to obtain.

According to Figure 4 in the article, their NPs are not stable. They precipitate in 0.5 hours at worst, and 2 days at best. Redispersing their NPs in a mixture of polar/apolar solvant is rather unusual too. Normally those mixtures are used to cause them to precipitate. Finally the low amount of organics registered by TGA hints at the lack of surface ligands, probably causing the destabilization of aggregation of their NPs.

I think there are 2 choices here :

-Try to functionnalize your ZnO NPs with surface ligands compatible with the solvant you want to disperse your NPs in. Adding back the potassium acetate removed during the washings might help for methanol.

-Try another procedure entirely. Here are 2 papers with more standard procedures :

Hello

Here are some common issues and suggestions to troubleshoot:

Thanks madam for your time, but as I used dH2O for plant extract preparation and for ZnO NPs synthesis, so now can I use DMSO for UV, means I didn't use DMSO previously in any step during synthesis, and also as I search and read many articles there also they used water as solvent in case of ZnO. Jyoti Mayekar Jyoti Mayekar

The thick consistency of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) can be influenced by several factors. However, without specific details about the synthesis process and the intended application, it is difficult to determine whether a thick consistency is desirable or not. Here are a few possible reasons for the thick consistency and some considerations:

1. Concentration: The concentration of the ZnO NPs in the synthesis solution can affect the consistency. Higher concentrations often result in a thicker or more viscous solution. If a high concentration was intentionally used for the synthesis, the thick consistency might be desirable for certain applications.

2. Particle size and agglomeration: ZnO NPs tend to form aggregates or agglomerates due to their high surface energy. These agglomerates can contribute to a thicker consistency. Controlling the particle size and surface properties during synthesis can help minimize agglomeration and potentially lead to a smoother or less thick consistency.

3. Stabilizers or surfactants: The addition of stabilizers or surfactants during the synthesis process can influence the consistency of the ZnO NPs. These additives can affect the particle dispersion and prevent agglomeration, resulting in a more fluid or less thick consistency.

4. Solvent or medium: The choice of solvent or medium used for the synthesis can impact the consistency. Different solvents have different viscosities, and the choice of solvent can affect the dispersion and stability of the particles.

One possible method to remove iron oxide particles from the zinc phosphate bath is to use a filter press or paper to separate the sludge from the solution. This might help to improve the quality and performance of the bath.

Another possible method is to use an acid dipping step after the alkaline cleaning step to remove any tarnish or oxide films formed on the metal surface. This might help to prevent the accumulation of iron oxide particles in the bath.

A third possible method is to use phosphoric acid instead of sulfuric acid in the zinc phosphate coating process. Phosphoric acid is a rust converter that turns iron oxide into ferric phosphate, a black coating that can be easily scraped off. This might help reduce the amount of iron oxide particles in the bath and provide a protective layer on the metal surface.

One can use an oven to dry synthesized ZnO nanoparticles at usually 120-150°C. The progress of drying can assess the time for drying.

These papers will be helpful for you Ma'am.

urine or biological samples contain lots of matrix that can interfere the anlysis. To decrease the matrix problem maybe you can use sample preaparation method or acid digestion or solvent extraction. For instrumental analyis maybe blank or background of solution should similar with sample. And instrument check, light sounce (Hollowcathode lamp)

Thank you very much

Thank you Ricardo.

I did use the datawarrior but the problem with babel is that it gives me errors of stereochemistry and gets stuck. so i cannot get the molecules.

i also tried using rdkit but somehow i get stuck with reading files.

thank you anyways

take care

Hello Samrat Paudel Samrat Paudel, I am facing the same issue and I can't download the subsets I need for my docking study. If it's okay with you, I would greatly appreciate it if you could share the compounds you've downloaded with me. Best regards.

If your laboratory results are showing increased zinc levels despite collecting samples in EDTA tubes, there could be several potential reasons for this discrepancy:

To resolve the discrepancy and ensure accurate results, it is essential to review the entire testing process, including sample collection, handling, and analytical methodology. If there are concerns about the results, it is recommended to consult with the laboratory or a qualified healthcare professional for further investigation and appropriate interpretation of the findings.

Some of the cathode materials that have shown promise in research studies include:

The reason may be that both Zn SO₄^2- and alkalinity have the same source. Alkalinity is often controlled by HCO₃^-, which comes, for example, from lime, CaCO₃. Which in turn originates from weathering. The geology of the catchment area will be interesting. Are there zinc minerals there? Industrial effluents can also be a source. If they use both zinc and alkalis.

I don't know. I'm in the process of writing a book, which puts me on a learning curve. I'll add it to my list of things-to-do.

HADDOCK is not for docking any metal ions to proteins. Neither any other docking tools supports that.

You can model the Zinc ion coordination complex to a protein (say using modeller) and run MD simulation for a minimum of 100ns to validate and restrain/refine the model. Also, Sometimes you might have to model the surrounding residues/loops so that it can form a proper coordination complex.

Dear Sabah Siddiq Ahmed,

The feature of changing crystallite size by dopoing NiZn ferrite by tin that you invistigated can be very complex and may be not connected with ionic radii of dopant element

Depending on experimental synthesis method different chemical or solid state chemical reaction can occure which affect on microstructure and crystal structure of powder or ceramics. Multi grain size distribution (small and large one together), stresses in crystal lattice change FWHM of peaks

I suggest to you investigate your diffraction patterns in detail by Williamson-Hall method, for example. It will helps to understand stresses in lattice parameter. Also SEM measurement should be done.

Maybe microstructure and dopping together can lead to this results that you observed in your samples

This speculations can be supported by results of the article where SnO2-NiO, SnO2-Fe2O3 systems are studied

DOI: 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00274-5

your welcome

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder that affects approximately 2-3% of the global population. While the exact causes of psoriasis are not fully understood, it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response and genetic factors. Studies have shown that psoriasis patients may have imbalances in their serum levels of certain trace elements, including copper and zinc.

Research has suggested that psoriasis patients may have lower serum zinc levels compared to healthy individuals. One study found that psoriasis patients had significantly lower serum zinc levels compared to controls, and that there was a negative correlation between the severity of psoriasis and serum zinc levels. Another study found that psoriasis patients had lower zinc levels in both serum and skin samples, and that treatment with zinc supplementation improved clinical symptoms of psoriasis.

In contrast, studies on serum copper levels in psoriasis patients have yielded mixed results. Some studies have reported higher serum copper levels in psoriasis patients compared to controls, while others have found no significant differences. One study even reported lower serum copper levels in psoriasis patients, although this result was not statistically significant.

Overall, while the relationship between psoriasis and trace element imbalances such as copper and zinc is not fully understood, evidence suggests that psoriasis patients may have lower serum zinc levels and potentially higher serum copper levels. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of trace elements in psoriasis and to determine if supplementation with these elements could be a viable treatment option for the disease.

Answer cited from: https://ask.bioexcel.eu/t/c4-zinc-finger-protein/804

"The way to define ions for HADDOCK is explained in Box 3 of our Nature Protocols 2010 server paper: The HADDOCK web server for data-driven biomolecular docking. Nature Protocols, 5, 883-897 (2010) https://www.nature.com/articles/nprot.2010.32 . Download the final author version here (link no longer works). In short: the residue name should contain the absolute charge state the atom name should have the exact charge E.g. for a zinc atom: residue name: ZN2 atom name: ZN+2 (atom name with four characters should be shifted by one column to the left)"

Dear friend Nagarajan Nagasundaram

One possible method to separate Zinc Chloride from the reaction mixture is by precipitation. Addition of a salt that forms an insoluble compound with Zinc Chloride, such as Sodium Carbonate or Sodium Phosphate, can lead to the formation of a precipitate that can be filtered and separated from the solution. Another method is by using a cation exchange resin, such as Amberlite IRC-718, which can selectively bind and remove Zinc ions from the solution.

References:

1. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., Kriz, G. S., & Vyvyan, J. A. (2014). Introduction to organic laboratory techniques: A small scale approach (4th ed.). Cengage Learning.

2. Kaneda, T., & Nozaki, K. (1987). Cation-exchange chromatography of transition metal ions with Amberlite IRC-718 resin in hydrochloric acid media. Analytical chemistry, 59(19), 2349-2352.

Dr. Adam B Shapiro , thank you for your response. You are correct about the effectiveness of doxycycline and chelation therapy. I have already read the article you mentioned. However, I do not have access to specific SVMPs inhibitors, so I am considering using alternative treatments such as doxycycline. Once again, thank you for your input.

Our group experienced the same problem. Please let us know the solution in case it is solved. Thank you.

Febin Cherian John Thank you very much!

Dear Maamar

The use of a galvanized steel core in magnesium and zinc anodes for cathodic protection is primarily to provide mechanical strength and durability to the anode.

Magnesium and zinc anodes are used as sacrificial anodes to protect metal structures, such as ships, offshore platforms, pipelines, and tanks, from corrosion. These anodes corrode preferentially to the metal structure they are protecting, which means that the anode material corrodes instead of the metal structure. This sacrificial corrosion process helps to prevent the metal structure from corroding, thus extending its lifespan.

need more help ... don't hesitate ... please let me know if you want

Best regards

raghd

I hope after 40 min the zinc acetate precipitate and settled in the bottom so it may one of cause. Better if you increase the ultrasonication longer time. Did you observe any settings after 40 min solution? Please check if ye.

For the electrodeposition of zinc on glass in a two-electrode system and precisely on the cathode, you use low electric currents (low amperage), but the voltage can be quite high.

good luck!

For a derivation of Brongniart’s formula ─ often used for ceramic slurries ─ and of other formulas relating slurry density with concentration, you may check my answers to another question at this forum: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_anyone_suggest_a_smart_way_to_calculate_volume_fraction_of_a_solid_ferrofluid_in_a_solvent_or_solids_fraction

How to make Zn move along with Zn-binding domain?

To make Zn move together with the Zn-binding domain during a molecular dynamics simulation in GROMACS, you can use a position restraint to keep the Zn ion close to its binding site. Here are the general steps to do this:

1. Set up your system and solvate it using GROMACS tools.

2. Define the Zn-binding domain and the Zn ion as separate groups in the topology file (.top).

3. Create a position restraint file (.itp) for the Zn ion using the following command:

gmx genrestr -f zinc.pdb -o zinc_posre.itp

where zinc.pdb is a file containing the coordinates of the Zn ion.

4. Include the position restraint file in the topology file using the #include statement:

#include "zinc_posre.itp"

5. Add a position restraint force constant to the [ position_restraints ] section of the topology file:

[ position_restraints ]

; atom type fx fy fz

1 2 1000 1000 1000

where atom 1 is the Zn ion and type 2 is the position restraint type specified in the zinc_posre.itp file. The force constant values (fx, fy, fz) will depend on the specific system and should be adjusted to achieve the desired restraint.

6. Run the molecular dynamics simulation as usual, specifying the Zn-binding domain and the Zn ion as separate groups in the .mdp file:

tc-grps = protein SOL NA CL ZN

By applying position restraints, the Zn ion will be kept close to its binding site, allowing it to move together with the Zn-binding domain during the simulation.

Not yet, our LA-ICP-MS started to work, but the quality of measurements is

unstable

I can suggest you the Neware battery tester, it has low price and very good performances

Hai RM

One possible chemical precipitation route for the synthesis of zinc telluride nano particles is as follows:

1. Dissolve zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2) and sodium tellurite (Na2TeO3) in a suitable solvent such as water.

2. Add a base such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to the solution to adjust the pH to around 8-9.

3. Slowly add a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to the solution and stir vigorously.

4. Allow the reaction to proceed for several hours until the desired particle size is achieved.

5. Separate the nano particles from the solution using centrifugation or other suitable methods.

6. Wash the particles with a suitable solvent such as ethanol to remove any excess reactants.

7. Dry the particles and analyze them using X-ray diffraction or other suitable methods to confirm the formation of zinc telluride nano particles.

Eventually, I use Modeller to combine the full length pdb with experimental ZnF domain structure pdb, which containing zinc, then do the following simulation.

Thank you Sir.

I will surely be connected. It was great help

use the electronic grinder for characterization which requires a solid form otherwise, you can use nanoparticles in suspension without drying

Aniruddh Bahadur Yadav

Diethanolamine is used in this sol-gel method to bind a proton in the hydrolysis of zinc acetate and shift the reaction equilibrium towards the formation of a zinc hydroxide sol. The main properties of ethanol amine are less than those of diethanolamine, but substitution is possible.

Dilute by 2000/10 or 200

hyperthermia

Dear Dr. Gorshkov

Thank you so much for your reply. sometimes I got 2% of zinc by EDX. I can't consider it as Carbon because I need to get pure zinc. So if you have any knowledge about how I can remove the carbon and get the pure nanoparticles.

Do you think the glucose in the culture media is responsible for Carbon formation around the nanoparticles or covers it? Bacteria use glucose as a carbon source during the growing.

regards,