Writing - Science topic

Sorry, Lewis Stulcbauer I haven't been able to find an answer. I've also tried to contact them through e-mail but have not received any response.

In your university, I think both - Scopus and Web of Science are available. Try to read the original research papers. I suggest 'no shortcut' is best policy.

I agree with Ajit Singh :)

Yes :)

Ranim Abdmouleh, you are using an unregistered Microsoft Excel. For more, let's connect on WhatsApp to discuss; https://wa.me/+923440907874

Dr Anna Kuteleva Thanks for this important answer

Consider submitting some STEM-based fiction to the writing contests that the U.S. Army Mad Scientist Laboratory puts out - e.g. https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/mad-scientist/b/weblog/posts/army-mad-scientist-back-to-the-future-writing-contest----entries-due-nlt-13-january-2023

There is typically no hard and fast rule regarding the exact number of references that should be included in an article, as it can vary depending on the type of article, the field of study, and the specific requirements of the publication or institution. However, there are some general guidelines to keep in mind when including references in an article:

In summary, while there is no specific limit on the number of references, the key is to strike a balance between providing sufficient support for your arguments and avoiding unnecessary or excessive citations. Adhering to the guidelines of the publication or institution you are writing for is crucial, as they may have specific requirements for the number and format of references.

Philosophical basis is important for correct approaching to patient-physician relationship.

Review some hermeneutical approach to medicine, physician , and patient.

Such relation should be analyzed under ontological, epistemic, and semiotic perspective because patient-physician relation not only is a horizontal but also is a vertical discourse.

my skype id and i love your article i love meeting people and

Helping people

FORTRAN is still being used to write CFD codes for a number of reasons, including:

While FORTRAN is a powerful language for writing CFD codes, it is also a relatively old language. It can be more difficult to learn and use than newer languages, such as Python and C++. However, for many CFD researchers and practitioners, the performance, maturity, portability, and libraries available for FORTRAN make it the best choice for writing CFD codes.

From the viewpoint of mental health, it is necessary to balance cognitive stress with physical activities, best outdoor.

For the technical preparations (dissertation, rigorosum), a professional mentor is needed, who has enough emotional distance to the ongoing process.

The Letter of Recommendation (LOR) system is an integral part of the graduate and Ph.D. application process that can significantly benefit applicants in several ways:

It's important for applicants to choose recommenders who can speak to their strengths and qualifications effectively. Maintaining good relationships with professors, advisors, and supervisors during undergraduate or prior research experiences can be essential in securing strong LORs.

In summary, the LOR system helps graduate and Ph.D. applicants by providing a holistic view of their qualifications, validating their academic and personal qualities, and enhancing their credibility and fit with the program. Strong letters of recommendation can play a vital role in the admissions process.

Thank you so much, Andre Michaud! I appreciate your advice.

Could you be little more clear on the question ?

Use the open access search engines base or core, or filter out your open access results in the left margin at PubMed.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=cancer&sort=date&ac=yes

(the search i made is just an illustration, enter your own search terms)

Categorizing farmers based on farming type, landholding type, and their behaviors can help in agricultural research, policy development, and targeted interventions.

Here's a general framework for categorizing farmers:

When categorizing farmers, it's essential to consider the local context, cultural factors, and the specific objectives of the categorization. It's also important to recognize that farmers' behaviors and practices can evolve over time due to factors like technological advancements, market dynamics, and changing environmental conditions. Therefore, these categories should be viewed as dynamic and subject to periodic review and adjustment.

I agree with Gaurav H Tandon and Medhat Zohery. They raised several good points.

Regards

Dear Dr/Prof. Gaurav H Tandon,

Thank you for this detailed answer.

For my deep sorrow, it does not work.

* My OS supports Arabic, and when I work in MS-Word for example, all I have to do is press alt+shift and the language changes.

* All Arabic fonts in Chemdraw show strange figures when I use them. For example, Arial and Times New Roman, show: ÕÏíÞ .

* The only font that shows Arabic is Arabic Transparent, but the letters are in the wrong direction, and they are disconnected.

* Please see the attached figure.

Finally, thank you again.

Sincerely,

Dr. A. Azab

The students that managing their time for academic study have good academic performance in compering to the student wasting their time like social media.

Objectives can be

Assess the student time for study

Evaluate GPA of the student during the academic year

Assess the student knowledge during the academic year

Andrew Paul McKenzie Pegman ,　I understand. For now, let's submit the paper using Latex.

To write a problem statement for a study on the relationship between time management and academic success among Gedu College students, you can follow these steps:

Identify the research problem: Clearly define the specific issue or challenge you want to address in your study. In this case, the research problem is the relationship between time management and academic success among Gedu College students.

State the significance of the problem: Explain why it is important to study this problem. Discuss the potential implications and benefits of understanding the relationship between time management and academic success for Gedu College students.

Provide background information: Give a brief overview of the current knowledge and research on the topic. Highlight any relevant studies, theories, or findings that support the need for further investigation.

Define the variables: Clearly identify the key variables in your study. In this case, the variables would be time management and academic success. Provide a clear and concise definition of each variable.

State the research question: Formulate a specific research question that directly addresses the problem you identified. For example, "What is the relationship between time management practices and academic success among Gedu College students?"

Formulate the problem statement: Based on the research problem, significance, background information, variables, and research question, write a concise and focused problem statement. The problem statement should clearly articulate the specific problem you are addressing and provide a rationale for why it is important to study it.

Here's an example of a problem statement for the study:

Problem Statement:

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between time management practices and academic success among Gedu College students. Despite the recognized importance of effective time management for academic achievement, there is a lack of research specifically focused on Gedu College students in this context. Understanding the relationship between time management and academic success among Gedu College students can provide valuable insights and recommendations for improving student performance and overall educational outcomes. By investigating this relationship, this study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge and provide practical recommendations for students, educators, and administrators at Gedu College.

China’s generative Artificial Intelligence Law, which came into effect on 15 August, is the first specific law on generative AI in the world; the European Union is still discussing such regulations and the United States has none on the table. However, to the surprise of AI and technology experts, while China’s generative AI regulations outline areas of restriction, they are not as limiting for researchers in universities and companies as some initial drafts circulating earlier this year had proposed – a signal that China is keen not to stall research in this area...

What about the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) model?

Duygu Yalciner

Hi,

Thanks for the update. Sounds like you're doing thorough research. Best wishes.

Hi,

To carry out a research project in implementation research, first, comprehend the assignment's guidelines and pick a pertinent topic. Conduct a literature review to shape your research questions and select suitable methods. Collaborate with stakeholders, gather and analyse data, and employ frameworks like the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) for guidance. Write, revise, and edit your paper, ensuring proper citation and coherence. For further guidance, consult the World Health Organisation's 'Implementation Research in Health: A Practical Guide'.

Hope this helps.

review articles : yes , I do write every other week ..................

I would suggest the following topic: Children's cognitive development as a function of their psychological (not social) milieu.

1) Children's cognitive development could be assessed, for example, in a Piagetian number conservation task

2) Children's psychological (not social) milieu would consist of a groups: One group of children whose parents had been classified as authoritarian; in the other group, the involved parents had been classified as authoritative

3) The two experimental groups would be equal in everything except in their style of socialization (i.e.,authoritarian vs authoritative).

4) To include children in each group i would urge you go contact with the work by D. Baumrind.

Hope this helps.

Yes, in the context of panel data analysis, the interpretation of unit root tests would typically be conducted for each cross-section or entity separately. This allows for an assessment of the presence or absence of unit roots within each individual entity in the panel.

If you are analyzing panel data and want to avoid testing each station separately, you can consider using panel unit root tests instead of cross-sectional unit root tests. Panel unit root tests take into account the panel structure of the data and allow for testing the presence of unit roots across multiple entities simultaneously.

There are several panel unit root tests available, such as the Levin-Lin-Chu (LLC) test, the Im-Pesaran-Shin (IPS) test, and the Fisher-type tests. These tests consider both the cross-sectional and time-series dimensions of the panel data and can provide more efficient and robust results compared to conducting individual unit root tests for each cross-section.

When using panel unit root tests, you would typically specify the null hypothesis as the presence of a unit root across all entities in the panel. The interpretation would then involve examining the test statistics and p-values to determine whether the null hypothesis can be rejected, indicating the absence of unit roots (stationarity) in the panel.

It's worth noting that the choice of the appropriate panel unit root test may depend on the specific characteristics of your panel data and the assumptions of the underlying model. It's recommended to consult relevant literature or seek expert advice to select the most suitable panel unit root test for your analysis.

You start by defining the start and end values of the loop variable;

var i = 0;

var n = 10;

var = 1;

use the for keyword followed by () to enclose the loop variable and its range. (1=), i<n; i +=step)

The enclose the command that you want to execute {print(i); open("image"+i+",tif");}

Same the macro as a text file and run it from plugins >

Macros > Run menu

When using 'print' enclosing the 'kable()' command, avoid using 'format="latex"'. Instead, even producing a 'latex' markdown, don't specify any format and add '{r, result="asis"}' in the chunk header. This should work properly.

have u fond the answer or we shall discuss here.Maybe I shall help here !!!

Writing a computer science paper with a title starting with "Revisit" typically indicates that you are revisiting or reevaluating a previously explored topic, concept, or method. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to write such a paper:

**1. Choose a Specific Topic or Concept:** Begin by selecting a specific topic, concept, algorithm, technique, or area within computer science that you want to revisit. It should be something that has been previously studied or discussed in the field.

**2. Review Existing Literature:** Conduct a comprehensive literature review to gather information about the topic you've chosen. This step is crucial for understanding the current state of knowledge and identifying gaps or areas where a revisit is necessary. Summarize key findings from previous research.

**3. Identify the Need for Revisiting:** Clearly articulate why there is a need to revisit the chosen topic. What has changed since the previous research was conducted? Are there new challenges, technologies, or perspectives that warrant a fresh examination?

**4. Define Your Research Questions or Objectives:** Formulate specific research questions or objectives that your paper will address. These should be focused and aligned with the purpose of revisiting the topic. What do you hope to achieve with this revisit?

**5. Methodology:** Describe the methodology or approach you plan to use in your revisit. Will you conduct experiments, surveys, simulations, or theoretical analyses? Explain how you intend to gather data or information.

**6. Data Collection and Analysis:** If applicable, collect data or perform experiments according to your chosen methodology. Analyze the data using appropriate statistical or computational techniques. Ensure that your analysis is rigorous and unbiased.

**7. Results:** Present the results of your research. Compare and contrast your findings with the results of previous studies. Highlight any significant differences, new insights, or unexpected outcomes.

**8. Discussion:** Interpret the results and discuss their implications. How do your findings contribute to the understanding of the topic? Are there practical applications or theoretical advancements that result from this revisit?

**9. Related Work:** Discuss other relevant work in the field that may not have been part of your revisit but provides additional context or insights.

**10. Conclusion:** Summarize the key points of your paper, restate the significance of revisiting the topic, and highlight the contributions of your work.

**11. References:** Provide a comprehensive list of references to acknowledge and cite all the sources you consulted during your literature review and research.

**12. Title and Abstract:** Craft a meaningful and concise title that starts with "Revisit" and accurately reflects the content of your paper. Write an informative abstract that summarizes the main points of your paper, including the need for the revisit, your methodology, and key findings.

**13. Proofreading and Editing:** Carefully proofread and edit your paper for clarity, coherence, grammar, and formatting. Ensure that it follows the specific formatting and citation style required by the target journal or conference.

**14. Submission:** Submit your paper to a relevant computer science journal or conference. Follow the submission guidelines and address any reviewer comments or feedback during the peer-review process.

Remember that a successful "Revisit" paper should contribute new insights or perspectives to the field, making it valuable to researchers and practitioners in computer science.

Sue K Park AI does not always find the right match, i.e. the human mind is still needed for supervision.

A literature survey in a research proposal serves to provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing body of knowledge related to your research topic. It helps you identify gaps, establish the context for your research, and demonstrate your familiarity with relevant theories, concepts, and previous studies.

Here's how to conduct a literature survey for a research proposal:

A well-executed literature survey in your research proposal demonstrates your expertise in the field and positions your proposed research as a valuable and necessary contribution. It helps reviewers understand the context of your research and the significance of your research objectives.

The Solomon four-group design is rarely used. You are probably familiar with it through the early work of Campbell and Stanley, but the conclusion over time is that are very few cases where it is necessary to eliminate real-world threats to validity. Instead, there has been widespread adoption of the pre-post design with control group as adequate in nearly all cases where one might consider the Solomon four-group design instead.

Your goal should be to present your research in a clear and concise manner while adhering to academic conventions of the conference.

Your paper will include abstract, review of literature, hypothesis (if any),data analysis/research methodology, suggestions and limitations and finally conclusion followed by references in APA/MLA style.

I recommend to visit shodhganga.com and search for tourism management. You will find some prior research work by other writers in this field. This may help you to build foundation for your paper.

Dont forget to cite their work if you include them in your paper. All the best!

Writing a thesis may be the most rigorous thing you do during your academic journey. For thesis writing, we can use tools such as Outline tools, Word Processors, and Note keepers. Outline tool used to view expand and collapse individual sections, change heading levels, show only headings of a specific size, move text up and down, and more.

Here is a link for a sample thesis based on the Outline tool MS Word:

Your goal is to accurately describe the data. Most researchers pick measures of central tendency. Consider all: the arithmetic mean (other means might be more appropriate), median, mode, and SD. Plotting data helps. For example, outliers can make the arithmetic mean not an accurate descriptor.

I guess you mean how to remove your name as author from the bibliographic data in ResearchGate. See "A publication in my profile doesn’t belong to me" in https://explore.researchgate.net/display/support/Authorship for instructions how to remove this publication from your profile. This is a frequent problem in ResearchGate in case of similar names, caused by an automatic algorithm of RG.

Yes sure, you can kindly ask him to edit and fix the correction.

I can't help you with that software you are using, but if you could send your raw data, I could try with my program (see: www.lerenisplezant.be/fitting.htm).

I also don't really understand how you can have so many significant digits in your measurements.

Big Five Personality Traits: Quick Scores

The Big Five and other quick tests of personality traits are increasingly common in studies on personality psychology. These measurements are ideal for large-scale research or situations where time is limited because they are rapid and simple to conduct.

According to research, quick assessments of the Big Five, like the BFI-10, can be relevant and trustworthy indicators of personality traits. For some uses, they might not, however, be as accurate as lengthier measures, according to some studies.

Big Five short measures can be helpful in some situations, but researchers should be aware of their limits and select the measure that best suits their study topic and objectives.

The above answer could be direct-quoted with in-text citation of "(OpenAI, 2023)" and referenced as (see attached screenshot):

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Aug 10 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

Best,

Thank you Riadh Al Rabeh for your response.

Isn't there a way to introduce a UDF and set the boundary conditions at the exit ?

Try this: plt.text(0.3, 0.5, '$R^2=0.8$', fontsize = 22)

Writing the results of a path analysis in your thesis involves presenting the statistical findings in a clear and organized manner.

Here's a step-by-step guide on how to effectively write the results section of your path analysis:

1. Organize Your Results:Divide your results section into subsections that correspond to the different aspects of your path analysis, such as direct effects, indirect effects, total effects, mediation analysis, and moderation analysis.

2. Present Path Coefficients:For each path in your model, present the estimated path coefficients, standard errors, t-values, and p-values. If paths are statistically significant, indicate whether the effect is positive or negative.

Example:

The path coefficient from Variable A to Variable B was significant (β = 0.456, p < 0.001), indicating a positive direct effect of Variable A on Variable B.

3. Interpret Direct Effects:Discuss the interpretation of significant direct effects between variables. Explain the implications of these relationships in the context of your research questions and theoretical framework.

Example:

The direct effect of Variable C on Variable D was found to be significant (β = -0.320, p < 0.05). This suggests that an increase in Variable C is associated with a decrease in Variable D.

4. Present Indirect Effects:If you have identified mediation or indirect effects, report the indirect path coefficients, standard errors, and significance levels.

Example:

The mediation effect of Variable E between Variable A and Variable F was significant (indirect effect = 0.234, p < 0.01), indicating that Variable E partially mediates the relationship between Variable A and Variable F.

5. Discuss Mediation and Moderation:Provide a concise discussion of the mediation and moderation effects you found. Explain the mechanism through which mediation occurs or how moderation influences the relationships in your model.

6. Overall Model Fit:Include information about the overall fit of your model, such as chi-square value, degrees of freedom, Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and other relevant fit indices.

7. Interpretation in the Context of Hypotheses:Refer back to your research hypotheses and discuss whether the path analysis results support or reject each hypothesis. Explain how the findings align with your initial expectations.

8. Provide Graphs or Diagrams:Including visual representations of your path diagram or significant paths can help readers better understand the relationships in your model.

9. Avoid Repetition:While it's essential to provide sufficient detail, avoid redundant repetition of statistical values or interpretation. Summarize your main findings and refer readers to tables or figures for detailed results.

10. Use Clear and Concise Language:Write your results using clear and concise language. Avoid jargon and technical terms that might confuse readers who are not familiar with path analysis.

Remember that your results section should provide a clear and comprehensive overview of your path analysis findings while emphasizing their significance in relation to your research objectives.

While Python does not have a specific syntax for multiline comments, developers use triple quotes (either single (”’ ”’) or double (“”” “””)) to create multiline strings, which the interpreter ignores during execution.

From my experience, the time spent under review was slightly less for manuscripts that I've submitted in the winter, and/or in early spring. However, it really depends. There could be special issues/conference proceedings that can determine a significantly higher number of submissions than average within certain journals and therefore this could impact the speed of decisions.

Un saludo las teorías éticas a través de la ética normativa tendrá en cuenta los valores morales que orientan el hacer y toma de decisiones y ayudan a distinguir lo bueno o lo malo de la acción moral. La ética aplicada estudia la aplicación de la teoria ética y estarán en relación a dos condiciones; cuestiones morales y lo que genere controversia.

La teoria ética del Principalísimo será la base fortalecida por la teoria ética de la virtud, la Deontología, el Consecuencialismo, el utilitarismo y la Casuística. Todo esto dependiendo del contenido de cada articulo su alcance y su fundamentación científica para un análisis ético o su fundamentación ética para un análisis científico..

HTSC stands for "High-Temperature Superconductors." These are materials that exhibit superconductivity at relatively higher temperatures compared to traditional superconductors, which typically require very low temperatures (close to absolute zero) to manifest their superconducting properties.

A superconductor is a material that, when cooled below a certain critical temperature (Tc), loses all electrical resistance and expels magnetic fields. This phenomenon has various practical applications, such as in energy transmission, medical imaging, and scientific research.

High-temperature superconductors (HTSCs) are a class of materials that were first discovered in the late 1980s. They can achieve superconductivity at temperatures above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K or -196°C), which is relatively high compared to traditional superconductors that require much colder temperatures. This advancement opened up the possibility of more practical and accessible applications for superconductivity.

High-Tc hydrides refer to a subset of high-temperature superconductors that are composed of hydrogen-rich compounds. In recent years, there has been significant research into hydride-based materials that exhibit superconductivity at elevated temperatures, potentially even at room temperature. These materials have garnered attention due to the possibility of achieving superconductivity without the need for extremely low temperatures.

Please note that you wrote to the ResearchGate community. You should send your question directly to the authors.

قبل كل شيء أعتقد أنه يجب عليك فهم المغزى العام من الفلم (فهم كلي) ومن ثم عزل العناصر التي تتجسد فيها أفكار النسوية (لقطات الفلم، حوارات، نماذج من الشخصيات) ومن ثم فهم هذا الجزء في ضوء الكل (تماما كالحلقة الهرمونيطيقية)، فإذا ما حصل هذا يمكن الاستعانة بمناهج مختلفة تخدم توجهك وبما أنك في مجال الصورة والسينما ستحتاج إلى جملة من الأدوات المختلفة تستعيرها من مناهج مختلفة (المنهج السيميائي، المنهج البنيوي خصوصا أن الفلم يستند إلى قصة أو سيناريو مكتوب، المنهج المقارن) ومن ثم تركب تحليلك

The following is a proposal template for evaluating the phytochemical characteristics of plants used in the treatment of malaria. Please tailor it to fit the specific requirements and guidelines provided by your institution or funding agency.

Title: Evaluating the Phytochemical Characteristics of Plants Used in the Treatment of Malaria

b. Phytochemical Extraction: The selected plant samples will undergo a sequential extraction process using various solvents of increasing polarity (e.g., hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol). These extracts will be concentrated to obtain crude extracts for further analysis.

c. Phytochemical Analysis: The crude extracts will be subjected to phytochemical screening to identify the presence of various secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, and saponins. Modern analytical techniques such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) will be utilized to identify and quantify the individual bioactive compounds.

d. In vitro Anti-malarial Activity: The extracts will be evaluated for their anti-malarial potential against Plasmodium falciparum strains using established in vitro assays. The efficacy of the extracts will be compared to standard anti-malarial drugs.

e. Toxicity Assessment: The safety profile of promising extracts will be assessed through cytotoxicity studies using human cell lines. Additionally, acute toxicity studies on small animal models will be conducted to gauge potential adverse effects.

Remember, the format and specific content of the proposal may vary based on the requirements of the funding agency or institution you are submitting it to.

thanks...there was some error now it's working.

Is there any way to delete elements using element set in abaqus explicit?

I am trying both subroutines and python script but ideas on the internet are not working.

Thanks

Before getting into possible statistical procedures (and Bruce Weaver 's point about what the variables are and if there are two DVs), I have some questions about the null hypothesis. "Null Hypothesis (H0): There isn’t a significant statistical differences in frequency and severity between causes of delays caused by delay group." First, the null is usually NOT whether there is a significant difference, but that there is absolutely no difference in the population. Can you verify this is what you mean. Further, please clarify what you mean "between causes of delays caused by ..." Is your null that in the population there are no differences in both the frequency and the severity variables? And frequency is presumably a count variable, but you also talk about delay which is presumably a time variable. As Bruce says, other aspects (e.g., are these 8 predictor variables and how so they relate) could also be made clearer if you wish to useful feedback.

you're welcome Luca.

When I was a student I had a professor who unfortunately passed away a few years back. I only had him in a small class during my first year. He was a literary scholar, and he told me that the same idea could be presented in two essays, one could be published in a prestigious review and the other not pass an exam.

In addition to the fact that it must appear well structured, another aspect has emered in tests. Academics are always haunted by the fear of not being smart enough. It has been demonstrated that when you place certain fashionable terms in papers they actually gain more traction. It is very bizarre.

However, clarity is always the best option. You cannot communicate if you don't understand. The dedicated followers of acadmic fads will not survive over a period of time. When you see something that is chrystal clear, it may appear simple. But it is in fact extremely hard to arrive at that text.

It's an integral part of research which set of methods an individual has adapted to go for grounded theory means no methods but try some experiments to discover some things. Somehow, it good to stick on method to understand the boundaries of research.

@Terri Purvis, they were not specific, so I think it is the rivers in general.

Maybe u can try usdfld subroutine and use the getvrm function.

Writing a paper, whether it's a research paper, academic essay, or any other form of scholarly writing, requires careful consideration and attention to detail. While there isn't a one-size-fits-all approach, some essential points to keep in mind when writing a paper are:

As for following the format of previously accepted papers, it can be helpful to get an idea of how successful papers in your field are structured. However, it's not necessary to strictly adhere to the format of a specific paper. Different papers may have different structures based on the research topic, methodology, and the preferences of the target journal or conference.

Instead, focus on the essential elements mentioned above (clarity, organization, evidence, etc.) and follow the guidelines provided by your instructor or the journal you intend to submit to. Adhering to specific guidelines is important to ensure that your paper meets the required standards and is considered for publication or academic evaluation.

Education requires special qualifications that are not available to everyone

Please note that you wrote to the ResearchGate community, not to the RG team.

However, I do not see any problems to contact users who requested full texts. Open the "Requests" area (https://www.researchgate.net/requests), open a request and click on "Reply", then on "Send message only". See also https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292986311825-Discovering-and-requesting-research for more explanations.

While quantitative research is a way of studying and analyzing data using mathematical methods, it's important to note that not all research questions or studies can be effectively expressed in mathematical equations. However, if your research involves studying relationships between variables, you can express these relationships using mathematical equations.

For example, if you are studying the relationship between the amount of time students spend studying and their exam scores, you can express this relationship using a mathematical equation. Let X represent the amount of time students spend studying and let Y represent their exam scores. You can then create a simple linear regression model to analyze the relationship between X and Y:

Y = a + bX

where "a" is the y-intercept, or the predicted value of Y when X is 0, and "b" is the slope, or the change in Y for every one-unit increase in X. This equation can be used to predict the exam scores for a given amount of time spent studying (X). Other mathematical methods such as statistical analysis and correlation coefficients can also be used in quantitative research to measure relationships between variables and support conclusions.

You can start by searching for any available resources on the topic and then evaluate them. You can also consider expanding your search to related topics or fields. If you are still unable to find enough resources, you can discuss the limitations of your literature review in your paper and suggest areas for future research

Yes, it is essential. The summary provides an overview of the main points of the literature review and should be concise and to the point.