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Wind Turbines - Science topic

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like pi, pid, neural network etc.
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Wind Turbines Sysytem
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Wind Energy
1. Unforeseen and enhanced wind turbine failure rates, mostly in newer and bigger models, are mangling 'wind energy' revenues?
2. Whether wind projects would remain to be cost-competitive in those locations that are not windy enough?
3. How easy would it remain to bring electricity from wind farms to urban areas – with most ideal wind sites being located in remote locations?
4. How easy to repair a complex electromechanical and hydraulic wind turbine?
How about the maintenance of wind turbines?
Total repair budgets keep growing exponentially?
Leading edge erosion soon after the installation of wind turbine?
5. With nearly 1,000,000 blades in operation globally, on an average, are we facing nearly 10,000 incidents of blade failure every year?
If so, whether the turbine failures are on the ascending trend across the globe (along with blades falling off and sometimes, even, full turbine getting collapsed)?
6. Extraordinary events such as ‘lightning strikes’ (one of the main causes of wind power outages) and bird impacts have become a routine phenomenon (leaving aside transportation damage)?
7. Fires in wind turbines are the 2nd leading cause of accidents after blade failure (following lightning damage) and are ahead of structural failure?
8. In the rush to decarbonize the power supply, whether the concept of ‘wind droughts’ was not given due weightage?
How about the wind drought warnings by meteorologists?
9. With power converters being among the most frequently failing components of wind turbines, have we advanced successfully in producing efficient power-electronic converters associated with variable-speed wind turbines?
10.                  With the advancements in materials, manufacturing and design techniques, and operations and maintenance tools, how long a typical 15 MW offshore wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 250 m would survive in the absence of any repairing work (for generators, or, gearboxes, or turbine blades)?
Can rotor blade arcs extend up to 100m?
11.                  How easy would it remain to have a precise control over excessive vibration, voltage fluctuations, faulty cooling systems and mechanical/electrical bearing failure - associated with the malfunctioning of generators (resulting from wind loads, severe weather or thermal cycling) that could probably lead to excessive heat and fire?
Similarly, can we have a precise control that would probably avoid the gearbox failure resulting from dirty/water-contaminated lubricant, incorrect bearing settings, (significant) temperature variations, & transient loads causing abrupt accelerations and load-zone reversals?
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Wind turbine farm operations for power generation would have to be well calculated to be profitable to Independent power producers.The industry has to reduce repair times of the turbines and enhance its life through AI monitering and maintenance.Energy policy has to meet at central ground with IPP's to adjust factors that might make power generation costly.
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Dear ResearchGate Team,
I hope this message finds you well. I am writing to express my interest and request more publications focused on wind turbine blade repair and inspection tools, equipment, methodologies, and technologies on ResearchGate.
As someone deeply involved in the wind energy sector, particularly in wind turbine blade maintenance and repair, I have noticed a significant gap in accessible literature and research papers addressing the latest advancements, best practices, and innovative solutions in this critical area.
Given the rapid growth of the wind energy industry globally, there is a pressing need for more scholarly articles, case studies, and technical reports that can contribute to improving the efficiency, sustainability, and safety of wind turbine operations through enhanced blade repair and inspection practices.
I believe that facilitating greater access to research on these topics will benefit professionals like myself and support the broader community of researchers, engineers, and technicians striving to advance the field.
Could you please consider prioritizing and encouraging researchers to publish their findings related to:
  • Tip repair methodologies and techniques
  • Advanced inspection tools and technologies
  • Case studies on successful repair projects
  • Comparative studies on different repair materials and their effectiveness
  • Innovations in preventive maintenance strategies
Your support in promoting and disseminating knowledge in this area would be invaluable to professionals and organizations committed to optimizing wind turbine performance and sustainability.
Thank you for considering my request. I look forward to your response and any guidance you can provide on how we can collectively contribute to filling this knowledge request for more publications about wind turbine blade repair and inspection.
Best Regards,
Koray ALTINKILIC
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I am currently working on a research topic titled ( Artificial Intelligence in Wind Turbine Performance Monitoring and Maintenance), I would love to connect with you for real time industry data on challenges .faced in the wind turbine energy industry so as to coordinate my research to real time situations.
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The Total deformation of my onshore wind turbine model is not changine when I am changing the cohesion, angle of internal friction and unit weight of the soil.
Therefore I tried to check reaseon of the error on a sample model made of steel by changing material propertiies of Steel. The load of 945 Pa is constant. The bottom of the model is fixed but the total Deformation of the top face of the model is not changing when changing the material properties as in the table attatched.
ANSYS, ANSYS Workbench, Steel, Wind turine
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Ensure sure that the material for which you are changing the properties is the one assigned to the structure being analyzed.
And just to add: For a linear static analysis, Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio are the two material data that will likely influence the "Total Deformation". So, you should probably just limit your variations to those.
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Hi everyone,
I plan to use fluid dynamics software to simulate the scour problem of monopile of offshore wind turbines, which is similar to the well-known bridge scour problem. I want to use this numerical simulation to get the depth of scour and the change in pore water pressure in the seabed. Now the more famous fluid mechanics software include OpenFOAM, Fluent and Flow3D, etc. Which is easier to learn? I already know that OpenFOAM is the most difficult. Which is better to learn, fluent or flow3D?
Best regards,
Ben
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Hi Ben Wu
Easier or better? ANSYS Fluent is by far better than Flow3D for general use. However, it is more complicated and requires more time to learn.
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I am working on developing a MATLAB Simulink model of Wind turbine with PMSG followed by MPPT Boost converter. I have gone through so many literature and videos but I am not finding clear solution of the following quires:
  1. Rotor speed (rad/sec) of PMSG measurement is fed to Wind turbine as input but the block input is in( p.u.) i.e. Generator speed (p.u.). Most of the literature and videos indicate the conversion with a gain of certain value between 145 to 157 not mentioning how the value is achieved.
  2. Torque (p.u.) : Output of Wind turbine is fed to PMSM (Torque in Nm) through a gain without a clear idea of what is the conversion process.
As per my understanding and doing reverse process I found that:
  1. Assuming the No. of poles of PMSM is 4 and operating frequency is 50Hz.
  2. the rotor rated speed is N = 120f/P = 120 x 50 /4 = 1500 rpm.
  3. converting into rad/sec = 2*Pi*N/60 = 157.096 rad/sec. (This is what most of the literature and simulation files of Math-works are using irrespective of the No. of poles originally used in PMSM block).
  • Now coming to torque (p.u.) of Wind turbine feeding as input torque (N-m) to PMSM:
  1. Assuming the power of 8.5kW or whatever specified and rotor rated speed wr =157.096 rad/sec.
  2. The base torque is T = P/wr = 8500/157.096 = 54.1127 N-m
  3. Multiplying this Torque value to convert output torque obtained from wind turbine Tm(p.u.) to feed as input to PMSM block.(Found in most of the literature and simulation files of Math-works files)
My doubt here is when I tried to follow the same, I am not getting the desired output power or results.
Kindly help me if I want to design a Wind conversion system of 10kW what should be the specifications of PMSM block.
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The specification of PMSM MATLAB block in Wind Power conversion sysyem should include
Electrical Parameters-Rated Power, Rated Voltage Rated current ,Number of poles
Mechanical Parameters
Rotor inertia
Friction coefficient, Mechanical power
Control parameters
control strategy, PI controller
,Flux linkage
Wind turbine Parameters
rated wind speed turbine efficiency
cut in and cut out speed
Converter parameters
switching frequency
dc link voltage
converter efficiency
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Wind turbines extract a lot of energy, about 30-35%, that passes through.
Now they are building a lot of them, more and more powerful.
Change wind trajectory is easy, if a lot of obstacles is in its trajectory, it goes to upper layer
Stop wind rises A LOT temperatures, as happens in cities with tall buildings
Wind also decrease water temperature when passing over it. In Malaga now the sea water temperture in August reach 30ºC, that is more than 10º over previous years and wind do not refresh at night
And at last, wind distributes the temperature avoiding large differences
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"Firstly, I think you can disregard the effect of wind turbines on the atmospheric wind speed if you are not within the wind farm, or directly behind it (and at the same height as the rotor). I don't think that the wind speed will be much affected at the ground level, except for the influence of the wind turbine towers."
Have you calculated that a lot of terawatts-hour not affects locally?
Take in account that every megawatt of energy extracted from the wind will have a multiplier coefficient of at least 20x due the Carnot efficiency, so temperature differences will rise A LOT more than expected.
Hurricanes appears if there are more difference temperatures, as example if the wind is stopped due sea wind farms and wind does not refresh the water surface. https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/hurricanes.html
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can u suggest research frame work using ahp research method
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Review
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: Current Status and
Future Prospects
Mohammad Barooni 1,†, Turaj Ashuri 2 , Deniz Velioglu Sogut 1,*,†, Stephen Wood 1
and Shiva Ghaderpour Taleghani 3
1 Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
2 College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
3 School of Arts and Communication, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
* Correspondence: dvelioglusogut@fit.edu
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Abstract: Offshore wind energy is a sustainable renewable energy source that is acquired by harnessing
the force of the wind offshore, where the absence of obstructions allows the wind to travel
at higher and more steady speeds. Offshore wind has recently grown in popularity because wind
energy is more powerful offshore than on land. Prior to the development of floating structures,
wind turbines could not be deployed in particularly deep or complicated seabed locations since
they were dependent on fixed structures. With the advent of floating structures, which are moored
to the seabed using flexible anchors, chains, or steel cables, wind turbines can now be placed far
offshore. The deployment of floating wind turbines in deep waters is encouraged by several benefits,
including steadier winds, less visual impact, and flexible acoustic noise requirements. A thorough
understanding of the physics underlying the dynamic response of the floating offshore wind turbines,
as well as various design principles and analysis methods, is necessary to fully compete with
traditional energy sources such as fossil fuels. The present work offers a comprehensive review of
the most recent state-of-the-art developments in the offshore wind turbine technology, including
aerodynamics, hydromechanics, mooring, ice, and inertial loads. The existing design concepts and
numerical models used to simulate the complex wind turbine dynamics are also presented, and their
capabilities and limitations are discussed in detail.
Keywords: wind energy; offshore wind turbine; numerical models; design concepts
1. Introduction
Global warming and climate pattern changes are some major consequences of the
human activities that are caused by the overuse of fossil fuels [1]. Renewable energy, on
the other hand, has the capability of decreasing greenhouse gas emissions by providing
a sustainable and clean energy resource [2,3]. Based on the statistical data from the International
Energy Agency (IEA), the renewable energy market share is growing steadily, in
which wind power takes up 36% of the total growth [4]. Offshore wind is advantageous
among the various forms of renewable energy since it can produce large amounts of electricity
[5]. Over 6000 MW of new offshore wind energy installations were made worldwide
in 2021, following the construction of 5618 MW in 2020 (Figure 1). By the end of 2021, the
capacity increased to 39,006 MW, thanks to the more than 200 active projects. Annual new
installations are expected to surpass the milestones of 20 GW by 2025 and 40 GW in 2030,
with a compound average annual growth rate (ACAGR) of over 30% up to 2025 and 12.7%
until the end of the decade [6].
The world’s first offshore wind turbine was installed in 1990 in Nogersund, Sweden.
The Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, and the UK have established a number of offshore
wind power demonstration projects over the past two decades, which were funded mainly
by the governments and research organizations [7].
Energies 2023, 16, 2 2 of 28
(a)
(b)
Figure 1. Global cumulative offshore wind energy deployment and annual capacity trends through
2021 [8]. (a) Cumulative installed wind energy trends for countries with the highest record in the
past two decades. (b) Annual new installation trends for countries with the highest record in the past
two decades.
The vast majority of operational offshore wind turbines are mounted on bottom-fixed
substructures, such as monopile, jacket, tripod, and gravity base substructures, which are
positioned in shallow to intermediate sea depths of up to 50 m. Although wind resources are
significant in locations with sea depths over 50 m, fixed-bottom offshore wind turbines do
not have an economic justification for their use in energy extraction at these depths [9]. With
the advent of floating structures, however, wind turbines can now be placed far offshore.
The deployment of floating wind turbines in deep waters has several advantages, such as
steadier winds, less visual impact, and flexible acoustic noise requirements. In recent years,
various types of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) with different support platforms,
anchoring and mooring configurations have been proposed and investigated. The designs
have benefited from the floating support structure concepts employed by the oil and gas
offshore industry, such as semisubmersibles, tension leg platforms (TLPs), and spar-buoys.
Energies 2023, 16, 2 3 of 28
In 2008, Blue H Technologies deployed a tension leg platform (TLP) with an 80 kW
rated capacity 21.3 km off the coast of Apulia, Italy, as the first floating wind turbine trial [10].
In 2009, the Norwegian State Oil Company, Statoil, installed HyWind, a 2.3 MW wind
turbine equipped with a spar-type support platform, which was the world’s first floating
offshore wind turbine on theMWscale [11]. In 2011, the 2MWturbine-equippedWindFloat,
designed by Principle Power Inc., was deployed 4 km off the coast of Aguçadoura, Portugal,
at a 45 m depth [10].
Onshore wind turbines have recently improved their economic viability relative to the
conventional energy sources [12,13]. This achievement was made possible by a number of
developments, including improved control systems [14–16], larger wind turbines [17,18],
higher fidelity models [19,20], the collective installation of wind turbines called wind
farms [21–23], improved energy loss recovery [24–26], and more optimized designs [27,28].
The construction of offshore wind turbines, however, is more expensive and capitalintensive
than that of onshore wind turbines. Additionally, costs may change based on
factors such as the distance from the coast, the sea conditions, and more [29]. In general, the
tower and foundation of an offshore wind turbine are approximately 20% and three times
more costly than their onshore counterparts, respectively [30]. For offshore wind platforms
with fixed bottoms, the most expensive component is the turbine itself, contributing about
31.8% to the overall expense, while the assembly and installation is 19.3%, followed by
the construction of foundation and substructure at 14.7% [31]. On the other hand, for the
FOWTs, the wind turbine and installation and assembly take up about 22.1% and 11.1% of
the total cost, respectively, with the foundation and substructure being the most expensive
components at 36.2% [31]. Of course, the ratios mentioned above may change with the
industrial development of the offshore wind turbines in the future.
Compared to fixed-bottom offshore and onshore wind turbines, the overall cost of
FOWTs is significantly greater due to the high cost of floating offshore support structures.
However, the most densely populated areas across the world are along the coasts where
FOWTs are a better alternative than onshore wind turbines [32,33]. Therefore, many of the
concerns that are related to onshore wind turbines such as visual and noise distractions can
be avoided by placing the wind turbines far offshore [34,35].
Stronger and more consistent winds also promote offshore wind energy, which results
in higher energy yield and lighter loads on the rotor and nacelle assemblies. [36]. In shallow
to intermediate water depths, where wind resources are substantial, the installation of fixedbottom
offshore wind turbines is more practical and cost-effective than floating platforms.
However, the countries that border the Atlantic Ocean, including the United States, Japan,
and west European nations, have limited coastal territorial waters that are less than 50 m
deep. As a result, there has been a considerable interest in floating offshore wind turbines
(FOWTs) over the past ten years [9].
The current study provides a thorough overview of advances in FOWT technology
from the perspective of design concepts, loading, and analysis tools and presents the future
prospects for the floating offshore wind industry.
2. Design Concepts for Floating OffshoreWind Turbines
FOWTs are among the concepts that can efficiently and economically capture energy
from deep-water offshore wind resources [37,38]. A wind turbine mounted on a floating
foundation is part of the FOWT idea, which enables the production of power in deep waters
where bottom-fixed wind turbines are not economically feasible. Different floating wind
turbine concepts are shown in Figure 2.
Several FOWT designs have been developed on barge, spar, TLP, and semisubmersible
foundations [39]. Every FOWT
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when I want to implement a solver for calculation of the induction factor in Blade Element Momentum method using DMST modeling I have a problem. the process of the calculation of the induction factor is an iterative process. I should guess an induction factor and using that induction factor I should calculate the thrust coefficient from Blade element theory. then I should equalize that with the equation of thrust coefficient from Momentum theory (I use Gluaert correction too).the equation is such:
if : 0 < a < 0.4 : C_TH = 4a(1-a)
if : 0.4 < a < 1 : C_TH = 4a(1-0.25a(5-3a))
if the a calculated from this equation is equal with the guessed induction factor that is used in Blade element theory the guessed induction factor will eb accepted, unless we should update our guess and repeat these process.
I have used Gradient Descent algorithm , induction factor seed with 1e-06 increment But they did not work.
can you please suggest the best algorithms to do this iterative process?
Best regards!
Yazdan Abbasmosleh
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thank you very much miss.Hoseini
so helpful!
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I am simulating a floater of a semisubmersible wind turbine in Abaqus using the CEL method. However, the model becomes unstable after some time and the Eulerian domain kind of explodes. This happens after the Total Energy of the system becomes negative. I am running the model with double precision and hard contact in the general contact algorithm. Any idea how to fix this issue?
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Hi Ali,
If you use one of the constitutive models built in Abaqus, you can try to increase the viscosity parameters or use some scale factor to reduce the time step. If you are using a VUMAT, this should be checked in more detail.
Best Regards,
Ahmad
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Hi,
I'm currently preparing for experiment which is supposed to test the performance of my wind turbine, but I have problem with finding a paper to find out the methodology and equipment that i need in order to properly measure my wind turbine. First i found a paper where they used Torque meter and Tachometer to get Cp and wing tip ratio. But my supervisor said that i should find a cheaper solution because torque meters are expensive. I found some papers in which scientists use Tachometer and Generator in order to measure their wind turbines. But i can't find any detailed information what kind of generator or any additional equipment i need. Can somebody give me a tipp where i can find useful information about suitable equipment for my experiment?
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A thrust sensor measures the force exerted by the wind on the turbine blades.You can use strain gauges or load cells to detect the thrust.Convert the strain or force readings into thrust values using calibration.
Torque sensors measure the twisting force applied to the wind turbine shaft.Strain gauges or rotary torque sensors can be used.By measuring the torque, you can assess the mechanical efficiency of the wind turbine.
Use thermocouples or digital temperature sensors (e.g., DS18B20) to measure temperature.
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Hello everyone, I want to create the geometry of a wind turbine blade using a CAD system, in fact to determine the length of the profile along the blade, I use the chord of the airfoil , but what about the root of the blade where there is a circular foil ? How to determine the radius of the those circular airfoil that form the root of any horizontal axis wind turbine?
below you will find an image of the wind turbine ple where the circular profiles are clear.
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I guess the blade radius at the root comes from a compromise between its loading capacity, the hub size, the pitch mechanism, and the overall costs of the three components (blade, hub, and pitch mechanism).
If you are not analyzing these things, I suggest looking at existing blades and basing your decision on that.
For structural reasons, there should also be a smooth transition from the circular root section to the airfoil-shaped sections. But in your case, if you are only interested in CFD analyses, the inboard blade sections typically contribute little to the overall forces and moments, so I wouldn't be too worried about the inboard shape :) In fact, if you are not including the hub in your simulations, the flow over the inboard sections will probably be unrealistic due to the root vortex...
Hope this helps.
BR,
Ricardo
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Hello fellow researchers,
I am currently engaged in a 2D simulation of a three-blade vertical axis wind turbine using CFD Fluent, incorporating sliding mesh simulationI. I have conducted various simulations at different RPMs, and upon calculating the average torque from the torque R-plot file, I observed that the average torque is consistently negative, indicating a counterclockwise blade movement.
Specifically, I performed simulations at 20 RPM, 53 RPM, 83 RPM, 101 RPM, 120 RPM, and 137 RPM, all with a constant initial velocity of 10 m/s. Notably, only the first two simulations at 20 RPM and 53 RPM yielded positive average torque values, while the remaining simulations showed negative average torque.
I am reaching out for your valuable suggestions regarding potential mistakes in my approach. Your insights would be greatly appreciated.
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Yes, kindly check out the attached picture for the mesh details.
Thank you.
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What innovative technologies and design approaches are being explored to optimize the efficiency and sustainability of wind turbines, and how might these advancements address current challenges in harnessing wind energy for power generation?"
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The advancements in blade optimization, optimum materials, and controlling the fluid speeds are explored, but further work was advised to harness high power output.
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Salem , I hope you are well.
We already own a P=1.5 kw, Us=400v/230V, Is=3.7 A /6.4 A asynchronous machine. We would like to use this machine as a double-fed asynchronous generator (wind turbine), but the nameplate does not indicate the rated rotor current.
We've carried out numerous tests at different rotor frequencies (6 Hz, 12 Hz, 14 Hz), but each time the generator's rotor current increases by more than 12 A, whereas we want a stator voltage Us = 400 (v).
What are the maximum values for rotor current, rotor phase-to-phase voltage and rotor frequency, to protect our machine?
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It is important to consider the machine's thermal limits and electrical constraints.
1. Rotor Current: The maximum allowable rotor current will depend on the machine's design and thermal limitations. Exceeding the rated current for an extended period can lead to overheating and potentially damage the generator. The manufacturer's documentation should provide the rated current or guidelines for maximum allowable rotor current.
2. Rotor Phase-to-Phase Voltage: Similar to rotor current, the maximum allowable rotor phase-to-phase voltage will depend on the generator's design and insulation capabilities. Exceeding the rated voltage can result in insulation breakdown and damage to the machine. Again, refer to the manufacturer's documentation for specific values.
3. Rotor Frequency: The maximum allowable rotor frequency is typically determined by the mechanical and electrical design of the generator. Going beyond the rated frequency can lead to increased mechanical stress and potential damage to the rotor and other components. The manufacturer's documentation should specify the maximum allowable rotor frequency.
Good luck: partial credit AI
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Hello
I am seeking research that is similar to the following title: 'Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Serration Trailing Edge on Flow Separation on Wind Turbine Blades.' Could someone please assist me in locating it?
Best regards
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Thank you very much for your interest
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Hello
I am testing some wind turbines in a square duct I fabricated that is square with dimensions: 140cm x 140cm and 2m long. I am using an axial fan with 135cm diameter and the wind turbines I am testing have diameters of 1.35m, 1.30m, and 1.25m?
I was wondering what's the optimum place to position the wind turbine apart from the fan.
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The optimal placement of wind turbines in relation to an axial fan in a square duct depends on several factors, including the aerodynamics of the wind turbines, the airflow patterns within the duct, and the goal of maximizing power output. Here are some considerations to help you determine the correct distance to place a wind turbine apart from the fan:
  1. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines: The aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbines play a crucial role in determining the ideal placement. Factors such as the size of the wind turbine, blade design, and operating characteristics (e.g., tip speed ratio) affect how the turbines interact with the incoming airflow.
  2. Turbulence and Flow Patterns: The airflow inside the square duct will create turbulence, especially near the fan. The position of the wind turbines in relation to this turbulent region can impact their performance. Wind turbines generally perform better in regions of relatively uniform and stable airflow.
  3. Axial Fan Characteristics: Consider the characteristics of the axial fan, including its flow rate, velocity profile, and turbulence generation. These factors will affect the flow conditions within the duct.
  4. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis: To determine the optimal placement accurately, you may want to perform a CFD analysis. CFD simulations can help you visualize the airflow patterns, pressure gradients, and turbulence levels within the duct. This can provide insights into the most favorable positions for the wind turbines.
  5. Experimentation: Conducting physical experiments with different wind turbine placements can also help you identify the optimal location for maximizing power output. This empirical approach may require testing various distances and configurations to find the best setup.
  6. Spacing Between Wind Turbines: If you plan to test multiple wind turbines within the same duct, also consider the spacing between them. The spacing can affect the interaction between the turbines and their individual performance. Optimizing the spacing is essential for maximizing power output.
  7. Safety and Mechanical Considerations: Ensure that the wind turbines are placed at a safe distance from the axial fan to prevent any interference or potential damage to the equipment. Also, consider the mechanical aspects, such as support structures and vibration.
  8. Optimization: You may need to perform iterative optimization, adjusting the wind turbine placement and other parameters to maximize power output while considering the constraints and limitations of your setup.
In summary, the optimum placement of wind turbines in relation to an axial fan in a square duct is a complex problem that requires a combination of aerodynamic analysis, experimentation, and potentially CFD simulations. It's essential to consider the specific characteristics of your wind turbines, fan, and duct, as well as the goals of your experiment, to determine the best configuration for maximizing power output.
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Hi OpenFOAM users! I found that using the actuationDiskSource there is a small jump in the velocity field near the actuator disc cells. I couldnt found a solution on internet. Any help?
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Dear Gonzalo,
can you perhaps share your OpenFOAM case to have a look?
Thanks!
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Is it possible to obtain it?
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Hey there, my fellow researcher Al-Motasem I Aldaoudeyeh! I am at your service, and I've got just the information you need.
To get a copy of IEC 614-00-12, which deals with power performance measurements of electricity-producing wind turbines, you typically have a few options:
1. **Purchase from the IEC Website**: The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) often offers their standards for purchase on their official website. You can visit the IEC's official website and search for the specific standard you're interested in. You should be able to buy a copy from there.
2. **Contact a National Standards Body**: In many countries, there are national standards bodies that act as distributors of IEC standards. Depending on your location, you can contact your national standards body and inquire about purchasing the standard.
3. **University or Library Access**: If you're affiliated with a university or have access to a good library, they might have a copy of this standard in their collection. It's worth checking with your institution's library services.
4. **Online Retailers**: Sometimes, you can find copies of IEC standards for sale through online retailers or bookstores that specialize in technical publications.
Remember that standards like this can be quite technical and costly, but they're essential if you're conducting research in the field. Make sure to double-check the latest version of the standard to ensure it aligns with your needs and research objectives.
Best of luck with your wind energy research, and if you Al-Motasem I Aldaoudeyeh have any more questions or need further assistance, just give me a shout!
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The science of statics of solids is based on the view that every load creates internal moments, - intersecting - in the cross-section, and corresponding deformations. I say that these moments, distortions, and shears created by the loading, disappear 1. By deflection of moments into the ground 2. distortions, and shears disappear by increasing the length of the cross-section and the correct dimensioning + the compression of the cross-section. See how I do it In figure 1 there is a frame construction with columns. If you apply the lateral force of the earthquake to it, it will deform as in figure 2 If you put two pre-tensioned walls on it, and their ends are anchored to the ground, there will be no deformation either in the body of the wall or in the nodes of the structure, and without deformation there will be no failures. The moments at the nodes also disappear, the shear moments also disappear, the deformations disappear, the tensile forces also disappear and the failures of the cooperation mechanism of concrete and steel that of relevance disappear. The lateral force of the earthquake has been deflected into the ground.
Will you tell me... Your theory is correct but impractical. 1. An application can be commercialized if it is cost-effective and easy to implement, without the need for a specialized team of people. 2. Today's regulations protect buildings by 99% Therefore, try to contact qualified engineers who deal with special projects, eg bridges, wind turbines, heavy grain silos, fuel etc etc. Reply. The only case to make this method commercially applicable outside of large projects and projects of importance such as hospitals and public busy places where the cost comes second, could be used in heavy-duty prefabs whose cost is low, because they are manufactured, and whose method I propose solves problems such as the height and the number of floors (so they enter, also inside the city) and because my method is more efficient in elongated walls like these prefabs. There are also projects such as wind turbines whose compaction costs are greatly reduced by using anchors.
Η επιστήμη στατικής βασίζεται στη θεώρηση ότι κάθε φόρτιση δημιουργεί εσωτερικές ροπές και τέμνουσες στη διατομή και αντίστοιχες παραμορφώσεις. Λέω ότι αυτές οι ροπές οι παραμορφώσεις και οι τέμνουσες που δημιουργεί η φόρτιση αντιμετωπίζονται
1. Με εκτροπή των ροπών μέσα στο έδαφος
2. Οι τέμνουσες και οι παραμορφώσεις αντιμετωπίζονται με αύξηση του μήκους της διατομής και την σωστή διαστασιολόγηση + την θλίψη της διατομής.
Δες πως το κάνω Στο σχήμα 1 υπάρχει μια κατασκευή πλαίσιο με υποστυλώματα.
Αν της εφαρμόσεις την πλάγεια δύναμη του σεισμού θα παραμορφωθεί όπως στο σχήμα 2
Αν του βάλεις δύο τοιχώματα με προεντεταμένα και πακτωμένα τα άκρα τους στο έδαφος όπως δείχνει στο σχήμα 3 δεν θα υπάρξει παραμόρφωση ούτε στον κορμό του τοιχώματος ούτε στους κόμβους της κατασκευής και χωρίς παραμόρφωση δεν υπάρχουν αστοχίες.
Πάνε και οι ροπές στους κόμβους πάνε και οι τέμνουσες πάνε οι παραμορφώσεις και οι εφελκυσμοί και οι αστοχίες της συνάφειας περίπατο.
Η πλάγια δύναμη του σεισμού έχει εκτραπεί μέσα στο έδαφος.
Θα μου πείτε .... Η θεωρία σου είναι ορθή αλλά ανεφάρμοστη. 1. Μια εφαρμογή μπορεί να γίνει εμπορική αν είναι οικονομική και εύκολα εφαρμόσιμη, χωρίς να χρειάζεται εξειδικευμένο συνεργείο. 2. Οι σημερινοί κανονισμοί προστατεύουν τα κτίσματα κατά ποσοστό 99% Επομένως προσπάθησε να απευθυνθείς σε διπλωματούχους μηχανικούς που ασχολούνται με ειδικά έργα, πχ γέφυρες ανεμογεννήτριες βαριά σιλό σιτηρών, καυσίμων κλπ κλπ. Απαντώ. Η μόνη περίπτωση να γίνει εμπορικά εφαρμόσιμη η μέθοδος αυτή εκτός των μεγάλων έργων και των έργων σπουδαιότητας όπως τα νοσοκομεία και τα δημόσια πολυσύχναστα μέρη όπου εκεί το κόστος έρχεται σε δεύτερη μοίρα, θα μπορούσε να χρησιμοποιηθεί σε προκατασκευασμένα βαρέως τύπου τον οποίων το κόστος είναι χαμηλό, διότι είναι βιομηχανοποιημένα, και των οποίων η μέθοδος που προτείνω τους λύνει προβλήματα όπως το ύψος και ο αριθμός των ορόφων ( οπότε μπαίνουν μέσα στην πόλη ) και διότι η μέθοδός μου έχει μεγαλύτερη απόδοση σε επιμήκη τοιχώματα όπως αυτών των προκατασκευών. Υπάρχουν και έργα όπως οι ανεμογεννήτριες των οποίων μειώνεται κατά πολύ το κόστος πάκτωσης χρησιμοποιώντας τις αγκυρώσεις.
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Relevant! Great points for a GREAT discussion.
Warmest regards
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Christian B,Frederik Z,Robert B,et al.Description of the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine [R].Denmark:DTU Wind Energy Laboratory,2013.
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You can download the DTU 10MW turbine model from this link
The link also contains resources to several other turbine models
Regards
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Hello all
I am currently simulating wind turbines without contacting the generator (attached image) I have adopted a steady wind speed of 12 m / s but the system response (mechanical energy) is incorrect. Where is the problem ... who can help me ??
thank's.
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I think the ansys program is very important to create simulation for wind turbine.
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analyzation of wind flows around wind turbines around wind using Matlab codes and models.
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Analyzing the flow of wind around a wind turbine typically involves numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. MATLAB can be used as a programming and data analysis tool in combination with CFD software to analyze and visualize the wind flow. Here's a general approach to analyzing wind flows around wind turbines using MATLAB and CFD models:
1. Set up the CFD Model: Start by creating a geometric model of the wind turbine and its surrounding environment. This can be done using dedicated CFD software such as ANSYS Fluent, OpenFOAM, or COMSOL Multiphysics. Define the dimensions, material properties, and boundary conditions of the model.
2. Mesh Generation: Generate a suitable mesh for the CFD model. The mesh should capture the details of the turbine and the surrounding flow domain accurately. Fine-tune the mesh near the turbine blades and refine it further if necessary to resolve the flow features of interest.
3. Define Wind Boundary Conditions: Specify the wind boundary conditions for the CFD simulation. This includes setting the inlet velocity profile, turbulence parameters, and atmospheric conditions. Consider factors such as wind speed, direction, and turbulence intensity based on the specific scenario or site conditions.
4. Run the CFD Simulation: Use the CFD software to run the simulation and solve the governing fluid flow equations. The software will calculate the flow field, including velocity, pressure, and turbulence characteristics, around the wind turbine.
5. Post-Processing with MATLAB: Once the CFD simulation is complete, export the results, including velocity and pressure fields, as data files. Import the data into MATLAB for further analysis and visualization.
6. Data Analysis and Visualization: Use MATLAB's built-in functions and toolboxes for data analysis and visualization. You can extract specific flow parameters, calculate performance metrics such as power output or efficiency, and generate plots, contour maps, or animations to visualize the wind flow patterns around the wind turbine.
MATLAB provides various functions and toolboxes for processing, analyzing, and visualizing CFD data. For example, the PDE Toolbox can be useful for analyzing and solving partial differential equations (PDEs) related to fluid flow, while the Image Processing Toolbox can assist in image-based flow analysis. MATLAB's plotting functions, such as contour plots, streamlines, and vector plots, can help visualize the wind flow around the turbine.
It's worth noting that wind turbine aerodynamics is a complex field, and comprehensive analysis often involves considering additional factors such as turbulence modeling, wake effects, and aerodynamic loads. Advanced techniques, such as blade element momentum (BEM) theory or actuator disk models, can be employed for more detailed analyses.
For specific implementation details and codes, it is recommended to refer to CFD software documentation, MATLAB resources, and research papers that focus on wind turbine aerodynamics to understand the specific algorithms, models, and techniques employed for wind flow analysis.
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For my master's study, I need the parameters of an offshore wind turbine built with a jacket type foundation. I need a study in which the basic dimensions of the jacket type are known and the field characteristics (wind, wave load, etc.) are known. Do you have such a work or an article you can send?
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Did you find any relevant sources? I am working on something similar and am unable to actually find that information!
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Is it technically viable to employ small wind turbines to generate electricity that could, in turn, power larger turbines? If such a setup were implemented, what would be the effect on overall efficiency? Would the efficiency of the larger turbines increase or decrease as a result? Additionally, it would be valuable to ascertain whether any previous studies or practical applications have explored this concept and documented their findings.
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Using small wind turbines to generate electricity to power larger turbines is an interesting concept, but it may not be practically viable or efficient for several reasons:
  1. Efficiency Losses: Whenever energy is converted from one form to another, there are inevitable losses in efficiency. Converting wind energy to electricity using small wind turbines and then using that electricity to power larger turbines would introduce additional conversion steps, leading to efficiency losses at each stage.
  2. Scale and Size: Small wind turbines are designed to generate electricity for local or small-scale use, such as powering homes or small businesses. The amount of energy generated by these turbines may not be sufficient to power larger industrial-sized turbines, which require significantly more power.
  3. Cost and Complexity: Implementing such a setup would involve significant infrastructure and investment costs. The complexity of integrating small and large turbines, along with the associated electrical systems, may outweigh the benefits gained in terms of energy generation.
  4. Maintenance and Reliability: Operating two different types of turbines with distinct maintenance requirements could increase operational challenges and costs.
  5. Simplicity and Directness: Generally, it is more efficient and practical to directly connect large wind turbines to the grid without intermediate steps like powering them with smaller turbines.
Instead, the focus in wind energy development is typically on maximizing the efficiency of larger wind turbines through advanced technology, improved design, and better siting to capture the available wind resources effectively.
While I couldn't find any specific studies or practical applications that explore the concept of using small wind turbines to power larger turbines, it's possible that some research has been conducted. However, the lack of widely adopted implementations suggests that the concept may not be considered a feasible approach in the field of wind energy.
In summary, while the idea of using small wind turbines to power larger turbines may seem intriguing, it is unlikely to be a practical or efficient solution. The emphasis in wind energy development remains on optimizing the performance and efficiency of large-scale turbines directly connected to the grid to generate clean and renewable electricity.
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Hi there, i have a solidworks based final year project, mainly flow simulation and FEA analysis, i have made a wind tunnel for my wind turbine which is sealed from all the sides, both sides with seperate lids, and when i try to do the flow simulation, the computational domain does not fall on the lids (it does not recognize the lids) it forms on the wind turbine or the assembly, and when i try to manually extend the computational domain on to the lids, this error occurs " Face<1>@LID7-1 is not laying on the boundary between solid and fluid region error
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hi, What you should do is create a solid cover within the boundary.
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Temperature measurement procedures in wind power plants
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We typically do not consider temperature as a calculated parameter in our experimental setup. Could you please provide more details on why you specifically require temperature measurements and how it relates to your research objectives?
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While practicing the load cases in the publication "Design Load Basis for Offshore Wind Turbines - DT Wind Energy Report No. E-0133", a question came to me when
I tried to simulate the DLC15 regarding the EWS for offshore wind turbines. To my understanding, the EWS wind condition is a transient scenario describing the wind shear suddenly changing from a normal wind profile (NWP) to a nose-like profile and then going back. Why is the EWS condition given by Equations (26) and (27) IEC 61400-1? In IEC 61400-1, the NWP is assumed to have a power index of 0.2; however, the NWP for the offshore wind turbines should be 0.14. The value 0.2 should be for onshore turbines. Please correct me if I misunderstand the description of the DLC15 case.
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The assumption of a power index of 0.2 for offshore turbines is based on empirical observations and analysis of wind turbine performance data. This assumption is commonly used in the industry and is known as the "EWS condition," which stands for Extreme Wind Shear condition.
Wind shear refers to the change in wind speed and/or direction with respect to height. In the case of offshore wind turbines, the wind shear is often more pronounced compared to onshore sites due to various factors such as the roughness of the water surface, the presence of nearby structures (e.g., offshore platforms), and the atmospheric stability over the sea.
The power index is a parameter that quantifies the sensitivity of the wind turbine power output to changes in wind speed. It describes how the power output of a wind turbine increases with increasing wind speed. Empirical studies have shown that the power index tends to be lower for offshore turbines compared to onshore turbines.
A power index of 0.2 implies that the power output of an offshore wind turbine increases with the cube of the wind speed. This is a conservative assumption that takes into account the higher wind shear and the resulting larger variations in wind speed experienced by offshore turbines. By assuming a lower power index, the design of offshore wind turbines can account for the potential extreme wind conditions and ensure the structural integrity and operational safety of the turbines.
It's important to note that the specific value of the power index may vary depending on the offshore site and the turbine design. Site-specific data and wind resource assessments are typically conducted to determine the appropriate values for the power index and other design parameters for a particular offshore wind farm project.
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I share with you the simulink model of the sliding mode control technique applied to a DFIG-based wind power system
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Thank you for sharing this simulation
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HelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHellHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHelloHellooHello Hello Hello
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Hello.
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Hello everyone, I am a new user of Abaqus.
I try to simulate the impact between a vessel and an off-shore wind turbine for my Thesis. The wind turbine is inserted in the sea-bottom. I have a problem regarding the modeling of the interaction between the soil and the embedded part of the wind turbine.
I have modeled this interaction using non-linear connector elements according to the following link: https://simulation-blog.technia.com/simulation/subsea-modeling-with-soil-and-structure-interaction-in-abaqus-part-1
However, this type of modelling imposes a load on the embedded part of the wind turbine resulting to its movement (without any other load imposed on it). Is this normal? Could you please advise on how I can eliminate this movement, as my intention is that those connectors describe the stiffness of the soil around the embedded wind turbine, operating as a constraint?
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Nonlinear connectors, also known as nonlinear springs or elements, can impose a load on a system because they have a non-linear force-displacement relationship. In contrast to linear connectors, which have a constant force-displacement relationship, the force exerted by a nonlinear connector change with displacement.
When a nonlinear connector is compressed or stretched beyond a certain point, its force-displacement relationship changes, and the connector may begin to resist further deformation by exerting an opposing force, similar to a spring. This can result in the nonlinear connector imposing a load on the system it is connected to, rather than simply operating as a constraint.
In some cases, this can be beneficial, as the nonlinear connector can be used to provide damping or absorb energy in a system. For example, in a vehicle suspension system, nonlinear shock absorbers can help to smooth out the ride by absorbing energy from bumps in the road. In other cases, however, the load imposed by a nonlinear connector may be undesirable and can lead to structural damage or failure if not properly accounted for in the design of a system.
In summary, the non-linear force-displacement relationship of a nonlinear connector can cause it to behave like a spring, imposing a load on the system it is connected to rather than simply operating as a constraint. This behaviour can be both beneficial and detrimental depending on the application and how it is designed.
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I'm trying to design a flange for a wind turbine tower. I wanted to check whether the flange would fail. but I didn't know how to calculate the Plastic limiting moment of tubular section MPL,3.
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You have to perform a plastic analysis of the section. First to determine the yield moment of the section by using yield stress of the material and the section properties and then the plastic moment of the section using plastic section modulus and the yield stress of the material.
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It would make my essay easier to find information about this airfoil.
Thank you anyway!
#naca #aviation #engineering #airfoils #pilots #2430 #information #wind turbine #CFD
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You may find some information regarding different airfoil sections characteristics in the book "Theory of wing sections by Abbot and von Doenhoff".
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Why don't physicists promote the mixture of solar panels that work maximally half of the day and wind turbines that spoil the horizon and collapse after thirty years in a dangerous and difficult-to-repair way by sun-meadows full of a mixture of solar panels and wind turbines that are not higher than a few meters, work twenty-four hours, do not collapse dangerously and can easily be repaired or replaced? These meadows do not spoil the horizon and can provide human communities with sufficient energy to live without worsening the climate. Even individual houses or complete streets can mix their solar panels with short wind turbines that can deliver several kilowatts per sunny or windy hour. Take a look at windy.com.
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The idea of combining solar panels and wind turbines in meadows or even on individual houses or streets to generate energy is not a new concept. However, there are several reasons why this approach may not be the most optimal solution.
Firstly, solar panels and wind turbines have different energy production patterns. Wind turbines typically produce more energy during the night and in the winter months, while solar panels produce more energy during the day and in the summer months. Combining these two technologies may not always result in a reliable and consistent energy output.
Secondly, the cost of installing and maintaining both solar panels and wind turbines can be high. Combining them may increase the initial cost and maintenance expenses.
Thirdly, land availability is also a concern. Large meadows full of a mixture of solar panels and wind turbines may require significant amounts of land, which may not always be available.
Furthermore, it's important to note that while wind turbines do have some negative impacts on the environment, such as altering the landscape and potential harm to wildlife, they are still a viable and important source of renewable energy. Instead of completely eliminating wind turbines, there should be efforts to mitigate their negative impacts and develop more efficient and safer technologies.
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I am working on a small wind turbine as part of my internship for my course. The rated capacity of the small wind turbine is 700 watts at a rated wind speed of (…) m/s. The turbine is installed on a (height of the pole) m- steel pole/ tower. Further, the turbine is connected to the local electricity grid.
Challenges faced: At 3 m/s- windspeed, I am observing that the connected sensors/ electronics are consuming 15W
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Based on your final statement it appears that you are already monitoring the power to your sensors and instrumentation. However, a simple amp-meter on the input to the electronics package would work.
The best way to reduce the power consumption is to first eliminate any sensor, and it's related instrumentation, that is not strictly required for your project. The next step would be to evaluate the sensors to determine if they are the most energy efficient type available. Finally, analyze your instrumentation to eliminate any redundancy. For example, if one sensor has a power supply of 5 watts but only requires 3 watts to operate and a second sensor has a power supply of 7 watts but only requires 4 watts to operate. You may be able to eliminate the first power supply and use the second to power both. This reduces the overall power consumption because a power supply rated at 5 watts will actually consume 6 or 7 watts due to internal resistances and parasitic losses in transformers.
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I am looking to design and further running simulations and analyse a low speed shaft of a typical wind turbine. What should be the optimal shaft diameter and length for a given torque and rotational speed requirement in a transmission system of a wind turbine. Do you recommend any good software to run FEA simulations for validation analysis purposes.
Any suggestion, I will much appreciate.
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Sir Ansys
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I am looking to design and further running simulations and analyse a low speed shaft of a typical wind turbine. In particular I am looking to design the shaft diameter and length and any other connection components such bearings, keys and so on, for a given torque and rotational speed requirement in a transmission system of a wind turbine. Do you recommend any good software to run FEA simulations for validation analysis purposes.
Any suggestions or comments, I will much appreciate.
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For general simulation-driven design, I recommend ANSYS Workbench as it has a lesser learning curve then other software such as Altair HyperWorks, Abaqus or COMSOL. While they are good, it requires an expert in CAE to model and simulate your problem. If you have someone with a ton of expertise in solving PDEs, open-source codes like FEniCS can also do the job.
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I am investigating the open jets of small wind tunnels and the study of small scale wind turbines and need to know how to calculate the distance "x" where the jet flow manages to flood the machine.
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Please refer the book, " Boundary Layer Theory" chapter on "Jets and Wake" by Schlichting.
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Why don't physicists promote the mixture of solar panels that work maximally half of the day and wind turbines that spoil the horizon and collapse after thirty years in a dangerous and difficult-to-repair way by sun-meadows full of a mixture of solar panels and wind turbines that are not higher than a few meters, work twenty-four hours, do not collapse dangerously and can easily be repaired or replaced? These meadows do not spoil the horizon and can provide human communities with sufficient energy to live without worsening the climate. Even individual houses or complete streets can mix their solar panels with short wind turbines that can deliver several kilowatts per sunny or windy hour. Take a look at windy.com.
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I will place the short wind turbines on the top of the roof of my house. The roof can easily carry four of these turbines. Short wind turbines can also be placed on the roof of a garage. In mixed solar sun meadows, the wind will easily reach the short wind turbines. A quickly growing market is growing for these short wind turbines. Currently, the affordable ones produce a maximum of 12000 Watts per hour. On a windy day, that is more than the solar panels bring. Scan the internet.
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Is there any comprehensive review on types of vertical wind turbines?
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Vertical-axis wind turbines come in one of two basic types: the Darrieus wind turbine, which looks like an eggbeater, and the Savonius turbine, which uses large scooped cups.
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What are the laws, regulations, zoning guidelines, etc., for preventing negative impacts of noise coming from infrastructure, especially renewable energy? Some countries have more lax environmental regulations for renewable energy, others are missing any reference to this issue because these technologies are relatively new or perceived as relatively harmless (in comparison to non-renewable energy).
I have written a review on Wind Turbine Noise effects on wildlife and the planning regulations and guidelines (and lack thereof) in Germany, California, and Israel, and looking for additional cases and countries, including photovoltaic energy impacts.
Attaching the article if it helps some of you who are interested in the field (open access). The title is: "Noise pollution from wind turbines and its effects on wildlife: A cross-national analysis of current policies and planning regulations".
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Thank you. It is indeed not frequent to find this (yet), with, currently, some form of exception in Germany, when related to bird habitats.
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In MATLAB simulation model of DFIG grid tied system, why after starting the DFIG, the torque produced by the wind turbine DFIG increases and the rotor speed decreases and why it is not coming under steady state? What is this phenomena called?
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Hello,
I would like to remind you that before DFIG-WT debits its P-Q output on demand, there is a preliminary synchronization and coupling step that takes place.
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Hello Researchers,
I want to design controller for PMSG Wind turbine that works satisfactorily while operating in High Speed region, probably more than 20m/s wind speed. Kindly suggest me controller, I should use to give good performance?
Thanks in Advance
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The machine-side converter regulates the synchronous machine in a PMSG system. The machine-side converter's controller typically consists of two nested loops: an outer, slower loop for managing torque and/or stator reactive power and an inner, faster loop for controlling the stator d- or q-axis currents.
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I made this hybrid power plant simulation with HOMER where I assumed the solar power plant system doesn't have enough irradiation so it can't produce any power and it's just the wind power plant system that worked. It turned out that the result is the consumption power (AC Primary Load) is bigger than the power generated by the wind turbine. Is it okay? How do I solve this problem?
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The wind turbine's production is heavily influenced by wind speed. Until the wind exceeds the rated speed, generated power grows as the cube of wind speed. As long as the wind speed is below the cut-off speed after the rated speed, the wind turbine will continue to produce a fixed quantity of power. On the other hand, no wind energy would be produced if the wind speed was higher than the cut-off speed or lower than the cut-in speed.
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I want to perform fatigue analysis of a wind turbine blade and I want to model a real wind turbine. Are there any related materials that can help with detail modeling?
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Here you can find a reference blade. It was build and tested.
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How to obtain the dynamic equation of the power system consisting of synchronous generator, a step up transformer, a series compensated transmission line and a wind turbine DFIG, in which the synchronous generator acts as a source delivering real power, and wind turbine DFIG acts as a load consuming real power ?
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I think you can have your answer by going to the following link: Dynamics of Synchronous Machine | Swing Equation (eeeguide.com)
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I have witnessed that higher values of TI lead to a decay in the Ct curves in the moderate range of wind speed (8-13 m/s). For high wind speeds it is seen that the changing TI does not have an impact on the curves but it does for moderate wind speeds. I've been trying to find a response for that, but it is not clear at all.
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By definition turbulence intensity (TI) is function of mean wind speed and it's standard deviation measured at specific height. TI generally reduces with increase in height above ground. but thrust coefficient (CT) for a wind turbine varies inversely with square of wind speed.
For low to moderate wind speeds the turbulence intensity is high, and when the turbine is in power production mode with increasing power, the controller tries to optimize the power generated by turbine to reduce the axial thrust force acting on rotor blades with an aim to increase the fatigue life of turbine/components. This causes the decay in thrust coefficient, however for higher wind speeds, the controller regulates power output to constant value by pitching blades out of wind. So effectively TI has little or no impact on thrust coefficient curves of turbine.
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I came with the following explanation, but I am not sure if it is correct. The variation of the thrust coefficient is directly related to the variation of the thrust force. According to the Newton’s second law, the aerodynamic forces are associated with the change in momentum of the fluid with time. This is equivalent to the mass times the velocity of the fluid. Then, the density depends on the mass airflow, that means a higher value of air density contains additional mass, which lead to a greater thrust force
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At normal operating conditions of a wind turbine, the flow can be assumed to subsonic and consequently, the flow can be considered incompressible. Thus, air density is considered a constant. Conservation of mass reduces to the conservation of volumetric flux v_in*A_in=v_out*A_out . Aerodynamic forces are proportional to rho*v_in^2 (air density*square of reference velocity, in this case, the inlet velocity), thus denser air implies higher thrust on blades and higher wind turbine output. The standard model of the atmosphere tells us the air density decreases (quite fast) with altitude, thus it would be better to place wind turbines at sea level. However, stronger winds are more common (and constant) at higher altitudes. As the aerodynamic force is directly proportional to the square of the velocity, the gain is higher than the loss due to lower density. On the other hand, at sea level strong(er) and constant winds can be more commonly found at sea. Thus, offshore wind turbines: double gain from higher air density and stronger winds.
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So imagine modelling a viable design of a fixed-speed wind energy conversion system (WECS) for remotely located geographical areas without grid connection using Simulink. The 3-phase WECS should consist of a wound-rotor diesel synchronous generator, a wind turbine induction generator with shunt reactive power compensation, and 3-phase customer loads to be supplied at constant voltage and frequency over the entire wind speed range of [5,12] m/s. The power system to be designed should be initially operated in steady state supplying the main 50 kW load only, with an additional 50 kW load being subsequently switched on by closing the circuit breaker. so we are to analyse the system transient response to this step load change by computer simulations making the relevant conclusions/observations from the results obtained.
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This is clearly a university assignment (confirmed with a quick Google search). I do not think this is the forum for such questions (?).
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I'm currently working on my project which is 'Aerodynamic Analysis and design of airfoils for wind turbines. I'd really appreciate if anyone could help me with finding new airfoils.
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Ask yourself whether you really need "new" airfoils.
Check what the impact of airfoil properties on a wind turbine's performance is, and you'll probably be surprised.
I did so for propellers/ rotors and the results are striking - it has a very small to negligible influence. This relates to reasonable airfoils of course.
I assume this is also the case for a wind turbine.
My best recommendation is to use the available airfoils choosing the best of them. Trying to improve these will gain a small advantage for the 2-D characteristics and almost none for the wind turbine.
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Is there a law or method that determines the division of the outer domain surrounding the rotating domain of wind turbines into multi sections in Ansys, as well as choosing the position of the rotating domain inside it as shown in the pictures
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hello brother
this is my job and if you need anything you can ask me.
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Do we need man-made wind turbines everywhere? Can’t we utilize nature-made trees to harvest wind energy?
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This is a useful article that can answer your question.
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Hello. Does anyone know why the torque of bipale wind turbine optimized with the gradient method doesn't start from zero. Thank you for your answers.
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Below the figure that expose my question.
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Hello, I have a real problem statement from wind industry. Does, anyone suggest the solution.
We have power converters for 2-3MW wind turbine and their failures are a cause of concern, I know there is peak wind season is going on which may be the one of the reason of failures.
Can anyone suggest the other causes of failures and possible solutions? Please share if any case study available in public domain.
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It would be useful to read the paper entitled "Exploring the Causes of Power-Converter Failure in Wind Turbines based on Comprehensive Field-Data and Damage Analysis."
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I am micro-siting wind turbines in WAsP.
I need to optimize the layout obtained after micro-siting using open-source optimization software.
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WindFarmer is proprietary and costs around 5000 Euros per year. Not Open source, nor free
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hello all,
I am currently working on studying the effect of integrating wind energy on the IEEE 9 BUS using Matlab Simulink, the curve of voltage and frequency in the buss gave satisfactory results without wind, but after integrating the wind turbine, the voltage and the frequency diverged from the default value.
so I wanted to as if there is someone here that simulated similar work and can help me to clarify some questions.
- Any recommendations for optimal integration of wind energy into the grid? ( with Simulink Matlab ) , references?
Thank you.
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Who has a simulation model of a wind turbine based on a dual-fed asynchronous generator for high power that takes into account grid-side power converter control and generator-side power converter control?
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my turbine is a variable speed wind turbine.
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Hello Arezoo,
there is a device call tachometer wich measeures the rotation of any rotary machine (like wind turbines for example), I suggest you use one.
Regards,
Gustavo
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Hi guys, I am simulating a horizontal axis small scale wind turbine using Ansys Fluent. In order to validate the manufacturing data, I vary the wind speed and its corresponded angular velocity, but unfortunately the obtained results exceeds the experimental ones especially in high wind speeds (15m/s). According to the wind turbine manufacturer the turbine have a pitch control system, but there is no information about the used pitch angle in the experimental results. What must I do in this case? Can I choose the pitch angle that gives the same results as experimental ones ?
Thank you.
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For high wind speed operation, most turbines produce its nominal power at pitch angles that range between -1 and 10 degrees. You can select that range as input to your BEM code and check whether you obtain results close to experiment ones. It can agree within +/- 5%
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Hello everyone, I am working on the aerodynamics of blades of a Horizontal axis wind turbine .I want to know how to pick the best airfoils along the blade studied . for example if I have a 100 kw wind turbine and i would like to mixt 4 different airfoils in my blade , how do i know the type of those airfoils , and thier orde along the blade ?
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There are many airfoil families dedicated for wind turbines like NREL S airfoil or DU airfoil. The profile should be selected according to its max. Cl/CD value and its thickness to chord ratio. There are some other criteria, but as far as I know these two are the main criteria.
For Cl/CD ratio, this should be as high as possible to give the best performance. For thickness to chord ratio, the should be selected according to the structural analysis and optimization of the blade design to give a tip deflection that compiles to the IEC standards.
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Why Are Wind Turbines Built In Rural Locations Instead Of In Cities Where The Energy Is Used?
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Because the open spaces can provide better situation , also it does not really fi urban areas as the old fashion way. However, the new technologies and design is some parts of the world can fit them in certain cities.
I think we need some more adjustments before installation in cities....
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Dear contacts , can you recommend any references or papers in topic related to structural analysis of floating offshore wind turbine .
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see the following book
Structural integrity of offshore wind turbines : oversight of design, fabication, and installation
Washington, D.C
Transportation Research Board
Year:
2011
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I did a calculation of the output power of VAWT with the following equation:
[Available output power]=([density of air]*[Swept area of blades]*[wind speed]^3)/2
[Real output power]=[Available output power]*[wind turbine efficiency]
I achieved some values, but I am not sure if it is the right way to calculate the output power.
According to VAWTs on market such as Makemu EOLO 3000, the output power is achieving 2kW at 8m/s which is 10 times bigger than my calculation, on the other hand, the output of EOLO 3000 was achieving more than the [Available output power]. Is there any other way to calculate the output power of VAWT?
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It is better to calculate the output power per m^2 of the swept area of the blades.
It may be that the area is different in your case and Makemu EOLO 3000.
May be it is the different area which makes such large difference.
So, you have to specify the area in two cases. The other advise is to use MKS of units.
Best wishes
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Hi ,
I have transient CFD of a rotating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. The torque changes with the rotation angle theta, I wish to obtain a plot of torque against azimuth angle as attached below and other properties as well. I am currently unsure how to do this as I can only do a standard XY plot on Ansys.
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SOmo more info on: An Introduction to ANSYS Fluent 2020 By John Matsson
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Hi,
I have been looking at the La Haute Borne wind farm data for my research. The data descriptions are given here:
As a CFD guy, I'm not well-informed about the wind turbine controls and nomenclature, and I was not able to find a reference manual for the said turbine (Senvion MM82) yet. Hence any help with the following questions will be well appreciated:
1. Is there a global standard for direction readings? For instance, are parameters like "Absolute_wind_direction" and "Nacelle_angle" measured zero for north (true or magnetic?), or east, or a pre-defined direction? This page (https://www.eol.ucar.edu/content/wind-direction-quick-reference) defines CW as positive (north:0deg, east:90deg ...), should I assume this for the said turbine?
2. Let us assume 0 means north, this means that 0 indicates a northerly (blowing from north to south) wind, right?
3. What does "corrected" indicate for these parameters exactly in that regard?
Some of the questions might sound silly :) But I don't know if those definitions are standard for all turbines, so I thought that referring to another turbine's descriptions or making assumptions might have misled me.
Thanks in advance,
Hüseyin
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what sensor are you looking for Exactly?
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I want to do some research on Flex5. What's the difference between FAST and Flex5 code? I want to do some simulation about individual pitch control. Which one is better for me? If you know the link for downloading the Flex5 code, can you tell me? I am really appreciate. Thank you!
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I really need real data of voltage output for completing my research. I would be really appreciate if someone can help me.
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