Welfare Economics - Science topic

Being oblivious to the motivational nuances behind human behavior could lead one to overlook the distinction that a good action does not always indicate a good character. Conversely, this book argues that such nuances are paramount. Focusing on character over consequences is vital because motivational differences have fundamental implications for t...

The only crisis of capitalism is capitalism itself. Let’s toss credit default swaps, bailouts, environmental externalities and, while we’re at it, private ownership of production in the dustbin of history. The Accumulation of Freedom brings together economists, historians, theorists, and activists for a first-of-its-kind study of anarchist economic...

We present an economics framework appropriate to the exceptionally broad scope of the climate change problem. This considers that economic and social processes, particularly those involved in purposive transitions of energy technologies and systems, involve the interplay between three distinct domains of decision-making and associated actors. The f...

This article addresses the broad research aim of understanding migrants’ experiences of homelessness during the Coronavirus Disease of (COVID-19) pandemic through a novel combination of linguistic and sociological analysis. In our analysis of life story interviews, we find that the United Kingdom (UK) Government’s Everyone In initiative, which susp...

A promoção do investimento responsável constitui a base de atracão de novos recursos e envolvimento do sistema financeiro na consecução dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). Embora seja fundamental a intervenção do Estado por meio de políticas, investimentos, regulamentações e finanças, importa lembrar que cada transformação necessita...

The nitrogen (N) fertilizer used to help grow fully irrigated cotton in Australia adds, through several pathways, nitrous oxide (N2O) to the stock of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere and increases the global externality cost of the warming climate. The focus of this analysis is on the extra social benefits and the extra private costs and negative ex...

Businesses quality in the agricultural sector that are involved in the livestock industry are particularly susceptible to negative economic or social effects. Breeders and farmers, particularly those who raise beef cattle will be affected by continues and incidentally price changes or currency exchange rates because these factors have a significant...

The government of the Binjai City BKKBN Office is one of the institutions responsible for controlling population growth and family planning in Indonesia which has a long-term impact that will occur if the family planning program is not implemented properly, there will be a population explosion and will cause various problems, including declining de...

In this report, a comparison is made between the classical paradigm of welfare economics and its application in the European Union, based on the understanding of the Nobel laureate in Economic Sciences – Sir Angus Deaton. The report discusses the challenges facing the institutional establishment of the EU, positioned on the principles of federalism...

This paper starts with the observation from behavioral economics that preferences are endogenous, i.e., they are unstable, context-dependent, and open to processes of adaptation. It then asks whether welfare analysis and normative economics are still possible in a world populated by people with endogenous preferences. In particular, it looks at rec...

Welfare dynamics studies are useful in understanding how individuals, families, society, and a country are organised. For the last two decades, Ethiopia’s economic reports on income disparity, poverty, and other welfare metrics have been hopeful and controversial. It is crucial to understand how rural households of various income levels perform ove...

Central Park is an iconic feature of New York City, which was the first and one of the hardest hit cities in the United States by the Coronavirus. State-level stay-at-home order, raising COVID-19 cases, as well as the public’s personal concerns regarding exposure to the virus, led to a significant reduction of Central Park visitation. We utilized e...

El principio fundamental de la economía del bienestar propuesta por A. Pigou consistió en que, con la participación del Estado, se podría elevar la eficiencia de la economía y mejorar las condiciones de vida de la gente a través de impuestos y subvenciones públicas. Su propuesta establecía que el mayor bienestar económico se conseguiría con tres ac...

Behavioural welfare economics usually aims at mere means paternalism, helping agents better pursue their own goals. This paper discusses one initially promising way to inform policies addressed at agents who violate expected utility theory (EUT), namely what I call ‘CPT debiasing’. I argue that this approach is problematic even if we grant the norm...

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing the development of China-ASEAN trade- from the total economic volume of both sides, distance, the population size of ASEAN countries, the construction of a free trade area, and the signing of the Belt and Road initiative, resource endowment per capita, the exchange rate bet...

El presente trabajo aborda las diferentes formas de problematizar la conceptualización del bienestar social y su impacto en la distribución del ingreso y en las políticas sociales a adoptar por las sociedades.

The article elaborates on the Government of India's various schemes and initiatives. The impact those schemes have created may be positive or negative. The article covers a brief understanding of social welfare, economic development and infrastructure development schemes implemented so far by various governments. The article provides data in rega...

The contributions of economists have long included both positive explanations of how economic systems work and normative recommendations for how they could and should work better. In recent decades, economics has taken a strong empirical turn as well as having a greater appreciation of the importance of the complexities of real‐world human behaviou...

O desenvolvimento sustentável (DS) tem se mostrado um fator importante para os tomadores de decisão de diversos setores ao redor do mundo, uma vez que contribui para melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas, o bem-estar econômico, social e ambiental das sociedades. Sendo assim, conhecer os indicadores de sustentabilidade torna-se cada vez mais impo...

Internal control is the key to achieve high-quality development of enterprises, but internal control failure cases frequently occur at home and abroad. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore ways to improve the quality of internal control and promote high-quality development of enterprises. Taking non-financial listed enterprises in Chi...

There is growing public concern about the ‘unfairness’ of many pricing practices that have become common in consumer, particularly digital, markets. Industrial and behavioural economists have developed theories that explain the conditions under which these practices are profitable for firms, and their implications for consumer welfare. We identify...

Improving the efficiency of converting natural resources into social benefits is an important issue for sustainable development in today's world. Based on this background this paper applies the super-efficient SBM model with non-expected output to measure the ecological welfare performance (EWP) of Chinese provinces from 2005-2019, and explores the...

Much business ethics and corporate social responsibility literature suggests, implicitly or explicitly, that firms ought to engage in activities that can be characterized as philanthropy, namely, expending resources beyond what is required by law and market norms to promote others’ welfare at the expense of firm profits. However, this literature ha...

This study examines the impacts of climate change on rural communities, specifically in the areas of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and natural resources. The study highlights the challenges faced by these communities in terms of social welfare, economic growth, infrastructure development, and environmental sustainability. Global governance is a...

A floresta amazônica, incluindo sua rede fluvial, está se aproximando rapidamente de um ponto crítico em que mais da metade de seus ecossistemas serão permanente e drasticamente alterados. 1 Prevenir ou retardar esse processo requer ações para preservar a floresta tropical e os ecossistemas que existem hoje, especialmente aqueles que foram menos al...

It is known that the rapid progress of the Chinese economy is perceived to be aligned more towards increasing the economic quantity (GDP) rather than its quality primarily owing to a large amount of carbon emission, increased environmental pollution, and high resource consumption. However, such perception comes with no single evidence or study that...

Although genetics is known to have a role in sickness absences (SA), disability pensions (DP) and in their mutual associations, the empirical knowledge is scarce on not having these interruptions, i.e., sustainable working life. Hence, we aimed to investigate how genetic and environmental factors affect individual variation in sustainable working l...

O crescimento das cidades se tornou o reflexo do desenvolvimento econômico e da urbanização, elevando a expectativa de vida, sinônimo de melhores condições de vida para a população. No entanto, este crescimento contribuiu com diversos problemas insustentáveis, dentre eles, a poluição do ar, devido a saturação de uma mobilidade urbana acentuada na...

In this short paper, we build a simple model where a non-welfarist social welfare function can be transformed into and thus be identical to a welfarist social welfare function in form. Our analysis first suggests that non-welfarist methods of policy assessment can also obey the Pareto principle. More broadly, our analysis is a useful input in think...

We investigate how different levels of information influence the allocation decisions of donors who are entitled to freely distribute a fixed monetary endowment between themselves and a charitable organization in both giving and taking frames. Participants donate significantly higher amounts, when the decision is described as taking rather than giv...

Welfare economics: Promoting equality through general policies Yew-Kwang Ng, Emeritus Professor at the Department of Economics, Monash University, continues a discussion about welfare economics, focusing on efficiency supremacy in specific areas, arguing that equality should be promoted through general policies. In the April issue, I published a pi...

In this paper, we explicate an underappreciated distinction between two conceptions of valuing. According to the first conception, which we call the surface-account, valuing something is exclusively a matter of having certain behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dispositions. In contrast, the second conception, which we call the layer-account, posi...

Innovative business models and technologies supporting the transition towards a circular economy are challenging since they require a close collaboration along value chains (Brown et al., 2018). Examples include the organization of reverse logistics to foster repair and high-quality recycling (Julianelli et al., 2020), or feedback loops from partie...

The distribution of congestion surplus affects not only the short-term economic interests of stakeholders in the power spot market, but the improvement of social welfare in the long run. At present, the congestion surplus in mature electricity spot markets of developed countries is usually returned to the power users or power generation enterprises...

Marshall showed that the price and output of a good are determined by both supply and demand: two curves are like two cutting edges in equilibrium. Modern economists trying to understand why the price of a good commodity changes always start by looking for factors that may have changed supply or demand, an approach they got thanks to Marshall. Mars...

Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is a globally prevalent pathogen with significant animal welfare, economic and public health impacts. In the UK, the control of bTB relies on detection via tuberculin skin tests with ancillary interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assays, followed by culling infected animals. Vaccina...

Astrophysics is a social enterprise exemplified here by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) which completed its fieldwork in 2019 after 16 years of preparation and observation, while data analysis continues. Society funds astrophysics on a grand scale. For human capital and for governance the discipline draws on a self-governing "republic of science", whi...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the scope of health economics literature, which will increasingly examine value beyond health care interventions such as government policy and broad health system innovations. Aim The study analyzes economic evaluations and methodologies evaluating government policies suppressing or mitigating transmis...

This research paper aims to present the results of the implementation of the C.W.-SMILE tool that recorded child well-being in the second semester of the 2020–2021 school year. This is the fifth round of this ongoing diachronic research. The C.W.-SMILE tool consists of six dimensions: home conditions (D.1), nutrition (D.2), unemployment of guardian...

The present work calls for a modification of Austrian welfare economics so that it should be given a distinct role within the Austro-libertarian paradigm. To this end, we clearly distinguish between justice and welfare. We proceed by trying to stick to the spirit of Austro-libertarianism as firmly as possible. In particular, we operate within the u...

Governments use public–private partnerships (PPPs) as their agents to finance, design, build, maintain and operate their public infrastructure. Despite wide use, many PPPs have produced poor outcomes, including large transaction costs, renegotiations and bankruptcies. Society delegates the authority to build and operate public infrastructure to gov...

Palabras Clave: desigualdad económica, Gini, Lorenz, distribución muestral, dominancia estocástica RESUMEN: En el estudio empírico de la economía del bienestar resultan de importancia fundamental ciertas herramientas cuantitativas como son las curvas de concentración (curva de Lorenz, distribución empírica) y números índices asociados (índices de c...

Currently, there is an enormous disturbance regarding privacy in information and communication technology around the scientific community. Since any assault or abnormality in the network can seriously disturb numerous realms like national security, private data storage, social welfare, economic issues, and so on. Consequently, one of the domains fo...

Given that the pharmaceutical market has experienced severe market failures, it is necessary that we regulate pharmaceutical prices for many countries. Toward ensuring that pharmaceutical price regulation is efficient, this study investigated the antecedents that lead to an unreasonable pharmaceutical price. Based on 33 case-study countries, this s...

An economic analysis of social welfare Welfare economics may be defined as the branch of study which formu lates propositions by which we can say that the social welfare in one economic situation is higher or lower than in another (Ng 2004, 2015(1)). Briefly, it is the economic analysis of social welfare. As a society consists of individuals in tha...

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is a global concern, especially in low–middle-income countries such as Pakistan, which require the redressal of MSW treatment issues to attain sustainability in the waste sector. The prosperity of municipal solid waste (MSW) collectors, i.e., the sanitary workers, is critical in the waste management hierarchy....

Prodamas is a community empowerment program initiated by the Mayor of Kediri in 2019. This program aims to improve people's welfare economically and socially. In 2021, Prodamas upgraded to Prodamas Plus to reach a wider field. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a website created as an information media related to Prodam...

A global crisis such as a pandemic causes a decrease in the global trade of medical supplies. One of the most significant issues healthcare workers and people face is the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) items. This study constructs the first international trade model to link infectious disease dynamics and global trade networks, con...

The religious moderation campaign for millennial faces many challenges. The facts on the ground show that the phenomenon of radicalism is deeply rooted. The moderation program offered by the government has lost its reputation with the radicalism movement which is packaged attractively and in accordance with current trends. Through a qualitative app...

The European Union tightened its climate targets in July 2021. Sectors of the economy - including ports - must contribute by reducing their emissions. This paper strives welfare economics by including externalities such as environmental costs and presents results for evaluating infrastructure investments in ports. By applying a combined cost-benefi...

The crises of both the climate and the biosphere are manifestations of the imbalance between human extractive, and polluting activities and the Earth’s regenerative capacity. Planetary boundaries define limits for biophysical systems and processes that regulate the stability and life support capacity of the Earth system, and thereby also define a s...

Species translocation is a common tool to reverse biodiversity loss, but it has a high failure rate. One factor that contributes to failure is postrelease hyperdispersal, which we define as the long-distance movement of individuals resulting in their failure to contribute to population establishment. We reviewed reported incidences of hyperdispersa...

With an increased focus on social well‐being in response to a burgeoning global economy exposing the weaknesses of social welfare policies, research output in the field has grown exponentially. Keeping track of the evolving research themes proves difficult due to the steady rise in the number of studies published in the interdisciplinary field of s...

The idea behind the spillover effect of FDI on economic growth is based on the idea that multinational companies can bring technological innovation and rich knowledge to host countries. Therefore, FDI plays a vital role in technological innovations. This study aims to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the technological in...

Robert Sugden has advanced various critiques of behavioural welfare economics, offering the notion of opportunity as an alternative. We agree with much of Sugden's critique but argue that his approach would benefit from a broadening of the informational base beyond opportunities to include people's concern for decision processes. We follow Amartya...

OBJETIVO: Identificar na literatura científica as repercussões do isolamento social em pessoas idosas durante a pandemia da COVID-19. MÉTODO: Revisão integrativa de literatura desenvolvida no período de fevereiro a março de 2021 nas bases de dados Scielo, LILACS, MEDILNE, PubMed, CINAHL e Web Of Science. O processo de filtragem obedeceu ao modelo P...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of the remote indigenous community empowerment program (KAT) in the Liombe location, Pinang Jatus Village, Long Kali District, Paser Regency. The research was conducted in remote indigenous communities at the Liombe location, Pinang Jatus Village, Long Kali District, Paser Regency using a...

Background and Aim: Sustainable development (SD) is an ideological solution to the current problems of developing cities moving toward a brilliant future where environmental resources are maintained for generations to come. Urbanism is expanding rapidly, exploitation of resources and waste production increases, and urban sprawl is turning green lan...

Normative welfare economics commonly assumes that individuals’ preferences can be reliably inferred from their choices and relies on preference satisfaction as the normative standard for welfare. In recent years, several authors have criticized welfare economists’ reliance on preference satisfaction as the normative standard for welfare and have ad...

This study develops novel models of heterogeneous consumer preferences for different dining options and imperfect competition among food suppliers to analyze the market and welfare effects of portion size reduction (PSR) for food away from home. Different scenarios on the nature of differentiation of the dining options, the information available to...

This study develops novel multi-stage game-theoretic models of heterogeneous firms and consumers in vertically differentiated food product markets with asymmetric information to analyze the economic causes and market and welfare consequences of excess information/fake transparency in food labeling. Analytical results indicate that the firms’ incent...

Nowadays, the medical systems of the EU Member States have a need for more efficient public policies and strategies to integrate the new societal challenges, the fragile economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, and sustain the development of health systems. This research explores the relationship between public governance and health expenditur...

The International Economic Relations field focuses on the consequences of the economic interaction among countries. These interactions include trade in goods, services, assets, ideas, and macroeconomic spillover effects, as well as the effects of rules, regulations and policies like tariffs, trade quotas, controls on the international flow of capit...

La corrupción es un fenómeno con consecuencias desastrosas para el bienestar económico, social y político de nuestras sociedades. En particular, la contratación pública es vulnerable debido al elevado valor económico de sus transacciones. La presente investigación analiza el rol que las tecnologías de información pueden jugar en la lucha anti-corru...

Several previous studies state that the Islamic Social Finance program has not fully succeeded in creating prosperity, and there are no definite measurements to show the sustainability impact of the program. Thus, a measurement is needed to analyze various aspects in achieving the success and sustainability of Islamic social finance programs. This...

The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique and rare occurrence in the whole world. It compelled colleges to close their doors and transition entirely to distance learning. It posed many challenges in the academe with the abrupt change in the educational landscape. Hence, the study was conceived on determining answers in a 15-question closed-question from a...

This paper starts with the observation from behavioral economics that preferences are endogenous, i.e., they are unstable, context-dependent, and open to processes of adaptation. It then asks whether welfare analysis-or normative economics more generally-is still possible in a world populated by people with endogenous preferences. In particular, it...

Theoretical background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused violent reactions from the governments of almost all countries in the world. The attempt to contain a pandemic by restricting the mobility of society has had a huge impact on people and some businesses. As a result of COVID-19 restrictions, it became necessary to introduce special state aid...

This paper examines a regional economic model within the framework of welfare economics under various economic and spatial constraints. These constraints include decreased local budgets, limited conditions for markets for goods and services, markets for factors of production, public goods, and fewer opportunities of agglomeration economies. In many...

Protection of biodiversity and breeding of the black pig of Parma and of the Cinta Senese PDO in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines The Italian Parliament adopted the legislation (National Law 1st December 2015, n. 194 ) called "Provisions for the protection and enhancement of biodiversity of agricultural and food interest" which implements the nationa...

I re-visit the two arguments in my original paper, published in this journal in 1989. Pleasingly (but perhaps suspiciously) I have no reason to challenge them, but the insights that have come from behavioural economics over the intervening 35 years provide important new sources of support for both. The insights with respect to endogenous preference...

Based on the theories of welfare economics, this paper analyzed the mechanism of agricultural insurance (AI) affecting agricultural economic growth (AEG), theoretically, and carried out an empirical analysis by using the random effects model and thirteen years of panel data, which included the annual data of 11 cities in Zhejiang Province, China, f...

Menger’s distinction between “true” and “imaginary” goods and his attempt to relate the account of goods back to human needs invites a discussion of whether his work constitutes a fruitful basis for modern welfare economics. In this paper, we show that Menger’s system contains indeed a form of welfare economics, but only in a limited sense. For Men...

Neste trabalho buscou-se analisar a relação entre demanda turística do-méstica e preços dos combustíveis no Brasil, utilizando a regressão linear simples por Mínimos Quadrados Ponderados a partir de séries temporais para o período de 2000 a 2019. Confirmou-se a hipótese de que preços mais ele-vados dos combustíveis implicam menores demandas turísti...

In the contemporary world, environmental degradation has become a concern for human beings. Accordingly, the impact of social welfare, economic policy uncertainty, natural resource rents, life expectancy, and trade openness are examined on ecological footprint (the most comprehensive proxy of environmental degradation) in 19 energy-intensive countr...

The theory of public interest has become a long debate, and the philosophical meaning is commonly discussed in various research. Generally, it is equated with the needs or interests of the wider community. Public interest has become an interchangeable term in various concepts, from individual needs as intended in natural law to the development of t...

Economic insecurity has attracted growing attention, but there is no consensus as to its definition. We characterize a class of individual economic-insecurity measures based on the time profile of economic resources. We apply this economic-insecurity measure to political-preference data in the USA, UK, and Germany. Conditional on current economic r...

Scholars disagree about the plausibility of preference purification. Some see it as a familiar phenomenon. Others denounce it as conceptually incoherent, postulating that it relies on the psychologically implausible assumption of an inner rational agent. I argue that different notions of rationality can be leveraged to advance the debate: procedura...

Objectives: Mastitis is one of the most common diseases affecting dairy cows and can cause a decrease in dairy cow welfare, economic loss and substantial overuse of als. It is a multifactorial disease affected by a variety of factors, which makes its prevention, management and control difficult. Despite extensive dairy cow mastitis literature, rank...

This article give some knowledge about welfare economics and how welfare economics play vital role in modern economics.

We present higher order necessary conditions for a model of welfare economics, where the preference mapping has a star-shape property. We assume that the preferences can be satiable and can be described by an arbitrary preference set, without the use of utility functions. These conditions are formulated in terms of higher-order directional derivati...

Even where willingness-to-pay as a measure of welfare impact is adjusted for diminishing marginal utility, welfare economics is shown to favour policies that add to the life expectancy or that enhance the quality of life of persons who are already better-off. I propose an alternative, Equal Respect methodology, under an axiomatic claim that at the...

This paper aims to present the results of implementing a new, multi-dimensional and cumulative tool that records the well-being of children in the 1st semester of the school year 2020–2021, which constitutes the fourth round of an ongoing research. The tool was implemented in Attica through questionnaires circulated in twenty-five schools and three...

Robert Sugden has advanced various critiques of behavioural welfare economics, offering the notion of opportunity as an alternative. We agree with much of Sugden's critique but argue that his approach would benefit from a broadening of the informational base beyond opportunities to include people's concern for decision processes. We follow Amartya...

p> Background. It is agreed that there is a need to work on sustainable extensive livestock production systems. Silvopastoral systems are an alternative for efficient and sustainable grazing systems to increase the provision of ecosystems services and minimize the environmental costs associated to monoculture systems (MS), but the efficiency of int...